稳定同位素在湿地水文研究中的应用现状与前景   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

魏佳明  崔丽娟  李伟  雷茵茹  于菁菁  梁钊瑞 《湿地科学与管理》2016,(1):62-65

湿地水文过程对湿地形成、发育和演化起到了至关重要的作用,也是湿地保护和修复的关键。稳定同位素技术是湿地水文研究的有效工具,探讨了稳定同位素技术在湿地水资源性质与来源识别以及湿地水文循环研究等方面的应用,指出了当前应用中存在的问题,如缺乏湿地水文过程的系统性机理研究等,展望了稳定同位素在湿地水文中取样方法上的创新改进与人类干扰对湿地水文过程影响研究的应用前景。  相似文献   

无机水化学离子在实验流域降雨径流过程中的响应及其示踪意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾慰祖  陆家驹  赵霞  Norman E Peters 《水科学进展》2007,18(1):1-7

为研究无机水化学离子在降雨径流示踪中的可能性,在实验流域实测降雨、地面径流、壤中流、地下水径流过程和流域内17个测孔的地下水过程中,施测了Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO₄2-,HCO₃-+CO₃2-,NO₃-,F-,NH₄-,PO₄2-,SiO₂和pH,EC,18O的同步过程,还施测了少数土壤水水样。结果是:①在Ca2+与Cl-/SO₄2-和EC与Na+/(Na++Ca2+)的关系中以及除NO₃-,NH₄-,PO₄2-外的所有离子,都可识别出上述各种径流组分;②径流离子过程均与降雨离子过程相仿,随径流组分从地面到地下而渐趋坦化;③除个例外,离子浓度过程均以降雨为最小并从地面径流到地下水径流渐次增大;④降雨和地下水离子过程表现为径流离子过程的两端元;⑤在降雨和各径流组分中,18O过程与大部分离子过程有一定的同步性。从以上结果认为,降雨并不是流域径流离子输出的主要来源,然而却是形成它的主要控制因素。此外,有关试验结果还对应用Cl-进行地下水补给的估算方法提出了问题。  相似文献   

对现代水文的认识与实践     

贺国庆  李观义 《水文》2007,27(2):21-25

本文阐述了对现代水文内涵的认识,详述了广东水文为实现人水关系协调发展,在站网建设、信息采集和应用等方面的现代水文主要实践内容,初步构建了自然水环境与人类社会和谐相处的服务体系,通过近20年来的实践,取得了初步成效,并对现代水文的研究方向和方法作出了展望。  相似文献   

Water residence time as a driving force of zooplankton structure and succession     

Ulrike Obertegger  Giovanna Flaim  Maria Giovanna Braioni  Ruben Sommaruga  Flavio Corradini  Andrea Borsato 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(4):575-583

  相似文献   

水文学及水资源的学科前沿和研究需求   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

胡四一 《水文》2006,26(3):1-4

水资源学发展与水文学发展有很大的不同。水文学已形成一门系统、完整的科学体系,而水资源学尚没有完全形成以知识为纽带的科学体系。水资源的自然属性的研究(如水资源再生机理等)是水文学在水文循环领域的延伸,而水资源学的知识是水文学、工程科学、环境科学、管理科学、经济学等学科在伸向水资源领域的横截面。认识到这一点,对于开展水文学及水资源学科的科学研究和推动水资源学的学科建设是十分必要的。  相似文献   

流域水文模型的发展   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

芮孝芳  蒋成煜  张金存 《水文》2006,26(3):22-26

本文列出了当今世界上比较流行的15个流域水文模型。对现行概念性集总式流域水文模型的结构和参数的特点进行了评论,指出了这类流域水文模型存在的主要缺陷。对新一代流域水文模型, 即分布式流域水文模型,尤其是其中具有物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,进行了较为深入的分析,指出其之所以优于集总式流域水文模型的主要原因。最后对流域水文模型进一步发展所必须具备的理论和技术条件做了初步讨论。  相似文献   

RELATIONS BETWEEN PARAMETERS IN THE LINEAR RESERVOIR AND KINEMATIC WAVE MODELS     

Rong-Song CHEN Lan-Chieh PI 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(1):50-61

1 INTRODUCTION Since the traditional unit hydrograph method was proposed by Sherman (1932), it has been widely used in many studies, such as the works by Nash (1957), Linsley et al. (1958), Dooge (1959), Chow (1964), Mays and Taur (1982), and Jakeman et a…  相似文献   

Effect of upstream ponds on stream temperature   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Ham  L. Toran  J. Cruz 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(1):55-61

Many tributaries feeding streams are connected to ponds that heat up during summer months; however, the influence of these ponds on receiving stream temperature was not known. Stream temperature affects microfauna and fish habitats in aquatic ecosystems. Three tributaries with headwater ponds exposed to sunlight and one tributary unassociated with a large, upstream pond were selected for study within the Pennypack Creek watershed in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. Temperature loggers were installed in the pond (when applicable), associated tributary, and in the Pennypack Creek up and downstream of its confluence with the tributary. Although diurnal temperature fluctuations were apparent, the study showed no significant differences in temperature up and downstream of tributary discharge to Pennypack Creek. Pond water temperatures were up to 4°C warmer than the Pennypack Creek; however, temperatures downstream and upstream of the tributaries leading out of the ponds were within 1°C of each other.  相似文献   

干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践与展望   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

邓铭江蔡建元  董新光姜卉芳 王志杰 《水文》2004,24(3):18-24

过去，干旱地区内陆河流域水文研究主要偏重于山区水文，注重山区来水及径流分析，而很少涉及灌区问题和生态问题，对绿洲水文和荒漠水文的研究十分缺乏。以新疆为例，通过对干旱地区河流的基本特征和水文机理的分析研究，从径流形成、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护三位一体，即从全流域水文循环的角度出发，提出了以山区水文、绿洲水文、荒漠生态水文为三大构成要素的干旱地区内陆河流域水文系统的新概念，并基于干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践，提出了各自领域的研究内容和方向，进一步拓宽了水文问题的研究领域，对水文学科的研究与发展提出了新的思路，注入了新的内容。  相似文献   

An experimental and computer simulation study of erosion on a mine tailings dam wall     

G. R. Hancock  G. R. Willgoose 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(4):457-475

Mine tailings dams pose a signi?cant risk to the environment if not correctly designed, built and maintained. The effect of erosion on a back‐?lled and capped earthen dam wall was examined by construction of an analogue in an experimental model landscape simulator. The ability of a computer‐based erosion model to simulate erosion processes on the experimental structure was examined. The experimental landscape simulator uses a rainfall simulator to create overland ?ow and erode an arti?cial soil. At the commencement of rainfall, erosion occurred rapidly with deep gullies developing on the dam wall batter. The gullies developed by downcutting, with consequent bank collapse and slumping, and followed ?ow lines towards their source. A physically based erosion model (SIBERIA) was used to simulate erosion on the experimental dam wall. Erosion and consequent development of the experimental structure were modelled by SIBERIA. The ability of SIBERIA to model incision and landscape development in the experimental setting was further examined by use of a simple one‐dimensional experimental catchment. The laboratory experiment and computer simulations demonstrated that erosion on the tailings dam is driven by concentrated runoff and that runoff control is crucial to the long‐term stability of such structures. The study demonstrates that computer‐based erosion models can be used to predict how erosion occurs on the experimental landscapes examined, thus providing con?dence in their use and application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献