全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21974篇 |
免费 | 4313篇 |
国内免费 | 5234篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1594篇 |
大气科学 | 3606篇 |
地球物理 | 5640篇 |
地质学 | 11028篇 |
海洋学 | 4126篇 |
天文学 | 408篇 |
综合类 | 1549篇 |
自然地理 | 3570篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 130篇 |
2023年 | 278篇 |
2022年 | 645篇 |
2021年 | 948篇 |
2020年 | 927篇 |
2019年 | 1111篇 |
2018年 | 927篇 |
2017年 | 1010篇 |
2016年 | 963篇 |
2015年 | 1093篇 |
2014年 | 1376篇 |
2013年 | 1707篇 |
2012年 | 1352篇 |
2011年 | 1447篇 |
2010年 | 1328篇 |
2009年 | 1466篇 |
2008年 | 1478篇 |
2007年 | 1529篇 |
2006年 | 1544篇 |
2005年 | 1304篇 |
2004年 | 1239篇 |
2003年 | 1038篇 |
2002年 | 989篇 |
2001年 | 832篇 |
2000年 | 750篇 |
1999年 | 640篇 |
1998年 | 570篇 |
1997年 | 525篇 |
1996年 | 450篇 |
1995年 | 369篇 |
1994年 | 339篇 |
1993年 | 294篇 |
1992年 | 219篇 |
1991年 | 161篇 |
1990年 | 123篇 |
1989年 | 115篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 55篇 |
1986年 | 36篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
A new model of albedo and emissivity of planetary surfaces covered by volatile ices in the form of porous slab-like deposits is described. In the model, a radiative transfer model is coupled with a microphysical model in order to link changes in albedo and emissivity to changes in porosity caused by ice metamorphism. Preliminary results for Triton, Pluto, and Io are presented (the martian CO2 caps will be the subject of a separate publication). The coupled model will aid in the interpretation of ground-based and spacecraft observations and should lead to advances in surface and atmospheric modeling. 相似文献
52.
Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced. 相似文献
53.
There is a general belief that hydrous minerals cannot exist on Venus under current surface conditions. This view was challenged when Johnson and Fegley (2000, Icarus 146, 301-306) showed that tremolite (Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2), a hydrous mineral, is stable against thermal decomposition at current Venus surface temperatures, e.g., 50% decomposition in 4 Ga at 740 K. To further explore hydrous mineral thermal stability on Venus, we experimentally determined the thermal decomposition kinetics of fluorine-bearing tremolite. Fluor-tremolite is thermodynamically more stable than OH-tremolite and should decompose more slowly. However how much slower was unknown. We measured the decomposition rate of fluorine-bearing tremolite and show that its decomposition is several times to greater than ten times slower than that of OH-tremolite. We also show that F-bearing tremolite is depleted in fluorine after decomposition and that fluorine is lost as a volatile species such as HF gas. If tremolite ever formed on Venus, it would probably also contain fluorine. The exceptional stability of F-bearing tremolite strengthens our conclusions that if hydrous minerals ever formed on Venus, they could still be there today. 相似文献
54.
EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用情况进行了综述,重点介绍了EM技术应用于废水处理领域的研究进展,同时还展望了将来的应用及研究前景. 相似文献
55.
介绍了模糊控制中的设计思想及方法,并采用模糊控制的方法来改进实际生产中PID控制的一些控制难点。将改进方法应用在一大型水压机控制系统中并在实际生产中取得了理想效果。 相似文献
56.
This paper is a continuation of previous research, which obtained a convenient solution for arbitrary surface fluxes before ponding. By means of Fourier Transformation this has been extended to derive analytical solutions of a linearized Richards' equation for arbitrary input fluxes after surface saturation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
In urban environments, one major concern with deep excavations in soft clay is the potentially large ground deformations in and around the excavation. Excessive movements can damage adjacent buildings and utilities. There are many uncertainties associated with the calculation of the ultimate or serviceability performance of a braced excavation system. These include the variabilities of the loadings, geotechnical soil properties, and engineering and geometrical properties of the wall. A risk‐based approach to serviceability performance failure is necessary to incorporate systematically the uncertainties associated with the various design parameters. This paper demonstrates the use of an integrated neural network–reliability method to assess the risk of serviceability failure through the calculation of the reliability index. By first performing a series of parametric studies using the finite element method and then approximating the non‐linear limit state surface (the boundary separating the safe and ‘failure’ domains) through a neural network model, the reliability index can be determined with the aid of a spreadsheet. Two illustrative examples are presented to show how the serviceability performance for braced excavation problems can be assessed using the reliability index. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Tony T. Gregg Amanda Dewees Drema Gross Bill Hoffman Dan Strub Matt Watson 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):375-380
1Water LossInitiativesUnaccounted-for water(or unbilled water)has beenreceiving newscrutiny at both the state and nationallevels.For years,water conservationeffortsin Europehave emphasized reduction in water loss to a muchgreater extent thaninthe United S… 相似文献
59.
The gray crystalline hematite at Meridiani Planum first discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) instrument occurs as spherules that have been interpreted as concretions. Analysis of the TES and mini-TES spectra shows that no 390 cm−1 feature is present in the characteristic martian hematite spectrum. Here, we incorporate the mid-IR optical constants of hematite into a simple Fresnel reflectance model to understand the effect of emission angle and crystal morphology on the presence or absence of the 390 cm−1 feature in an IR hematite spectrum. Based on the results we offer two models for the internal structure of the martian hematite spherules. 相似文献
60.
The imbalance between incoming and outgoing salt causes salinization of soils and sub-soils that result in increasing the
salinity of stream-flows and agriculture land. This salinization is a serious environmental hazard particularly in semi-arid
and arid lands. In order to estimate the magnitude of the hazard posed by salinity, it is important to understand and identify
the processes that control salt movement from the soil surface through the root zone to the ground water and stream flows.
In the present study, Malaprabha sub-basin (up to dam site) has been selected which has two distinct climatic zones, sub-humid
(upstream of Khanapur) and semi-arid region (downstream of Khanapur). In the upstream, both surface and ground waters are
used for irrigation, whereas in the downstream mostly groundwater is used. Both soils and ground waters are more saline in
downstream parts of the study area. In this study we characterized the soil salinity and groundwater quality in both areas.
An attempt is also made to model the distribution of potassium concentration in the soil profile in response to varying irrigation
conditions using the SWIM (Soil-Water Infiltration and Movement) model. Fair agreement was obtained between predicted and
measured results indicating the applicability of the model. 相似文献