排序方式： 共有18条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
废水中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠的测定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用物质的吸收光谱特性,研究了不同的条件下结晶紫与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠形成的紫色离子缔合物的光学特性。发现室温条件下,在pH7.00的缓冲溶液时,此紫色离子缔合物在580nm处有最大吸收值,十二烷基磺酸钠在0～2.0mg/L范围内回收率为96%～103%,且RSD<3.7%。据此建立了分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法,此法已用于水体样品中阴离子表面活性剂的测定,获得满意的结果。 相似文献
12.
Pierre E. Levitz 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):665-673
Adsorption of non-ionic surfactants from aqueous solutions has been studied for years because of its industrial relevance. These surfactants, made of an aliphatic part attached to a hydrophilic and polar chain, play an important role in diverse applications. Modelling of the adsorption mechanisms of surfactants has traditionally been based on the interpretation of adsorption isotherms. However, this first level of investigation is not sufficient for a complete understanding. Direct inspection of the adsorbed layer of non-ionic surfactant molecules at the solid–liquid interface is needed. This is an active field of research for almost 15 years, even if the subject is not completely settled down. The aim of this paper is to present a short review of this topic. I will restrict this paper to the case of non-ionic adsorption onto hydrophilic or polar solid interfaces. In the first part, I comment some experimental studies of non-ionic adsorption layer, including fluorescence spectroscopy, neutron scattering and atomic force microscopy. In the second part, a theoretical discussion about thermodynamics of adsorption is presented. A model involving an aggregative adsorption process is proposed. This last part will permit to raise some interesting questions concerning the role of the so-called ‘normal interaction’ (surfactant/solid interaction) to select the optimal surface aggregate curvature. To cite this article: P.E. Levitz, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 665–673. 相似文献
13.
表面活性剂在极谱伏安分析中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
简介了近年来各类表面活性剂在极谱与伏安分析中的研究和应用，引用参考文献６２篇。 相似文献
14.
李绍卿 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)
本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,络合剂对三苯甲烷酸性染料与金属离子显色反应的增敏效应。实验表明,在Triton x—305存在下,各种络合剂(磷酸二氢钾、苦杏仁酸、钛铁试剂、盐酸羟胺、抗坏血酸等)对三苯甲烷酸性染料(二甲酚橙、溴邻苯三酚红、铬天青S等,其中以铬天青S为主)与金属离子显色体系有增敏、加快显色速度和增强有色络合物的稳定性,对一些干扰离子有一定的掩蔽作用。文章指出显色体系增敏效应的大小因显色体系的不同而异,络合剂掩蔽干扰离子的范围因体系本身的性质而定,虽能提高显色体系的选择性,改善实验条件,但没有规律性,有待进一步研究与应用。 相似文献
15.
Jean-Maurice Cases 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):585-596
This introductory paper aims at presenting the series of articles in this special issue of Comptes Rendus Geoscience devoted to the study and use of natural minerals. The research methodology that can be applied to the investigation of surface phenomena related to adsorption, exchange and retention onto the surface of natural minerals and divided solids is presented. A special focus is given to the retention of surfactant molecules, in view of their considerable importance in numerous industrial fields, such as, for instance, mineral flotation and enhanced oil recovery. Throughout this introductory paper, the relevance of this research approach to the field of geosciences is stressed by listing various applications where it can provide conclusive answers, especially for environmentally related issues. To cite this article: J.-M. Cases, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 585–596. 相似文献
16.
Jean-Maurice Cases Jerzy Mielczarski Ella Mielczarska Laurent J. Michot Frédéric Villiéras Fabien Thomas 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(9):675-688
The adsorption of surfactants from aqueous solution is a phenomenon of major importance in applications ranging from ore flotation and paint technology to enhanced oil recovery. As this paper will illustrate, the process is very complex and of high scientific interest; its results can be extended to the retention of organic compounds (humic and fulvic acids, pollutants...) on solids in the biosphere. For a good understanding of the mechanisms involved in surfactants adsorption at the hydrophilic solid–aqueous solution interface, thermodynamic models have to take into account: (i) the physical chemistry of the surfactant in aqueous solution for choosing the appropriate reference phase, (ii) the surface heterogeneity of the adsorbing solid, (iii) the intensity of normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds responsible for adsorption, (iv) the intensity of lateral bonds that favour the formation of surface aggregates through cooperative process and finally, (v) suitable theoretical models to describe adsorption phenomena. Once this has been achieved, two systems can be discussed: systems characterised by strong normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds, currently used in ore flotation, which lead, in the case of heterogeneous surfaces, to the formation of lamellar aggregates at monolayer concentration and bilayer formation for higher concentrations. Systems characterised by weak normal adsorbate–adsorbent bonds, currently used in enhanced oil recovery and hydrocarbon (bio)remediation, which correspond to: (i) formation of globular micelles at the solid surface near the CMC when the temperature is higher than the Krafft point, (ii) formation of bilayered lamellar aggregates in the opposite case, (iii) three-dimensional condensation on substrate (T<TKrafft) if the ionic surfactant interacts with cations in the bulk. To cite this article: J.-M. Cases et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 675–688. 相似文献
17.
有机污染物在改性黄土中的吸附和迁移滞后性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HDTMA-Br）和阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对黄土进行改性处理，并制备了一系列土壤样品。比较了甲苯在天然黄土和改性土中的不同吸附特性，并探讨了它们不同的吸附机理。通过比较甲苯在两类土壤中的吸附特性可以发现，等温吸附曲线均符合弗德里希方程式．但改性黄土的吸附能力为天然黄土的3—6倍。当同时用阴一阳离子表面活性剂进行黄土改性，吸附能力比单独使用阳离子表面活性剂改性的黄土增强15％-20％。土柱实验证明改性黄土对有机污染物对硝基苯胺的迁移具有明显的滞后性，使污染带前锋到达土柱出水口的时间延迟了50倍，也使土柱被穿透的时间延长了3.5倍。可见用表面活性剂对黄土改性能有效地在包气带滞留污染物。在一定程度上延缓或防止地面石油泄漏对含水层的污染。 相似文献
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