试论地图制图学的理论体系     

张克权  祝国瑞 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1990,(2)

本文针对当前国内外有关地图制图学理论问题的阐述,提出地图投影、制图综合和地图符号系统是地图制图学的基础理论;而信息理论等新兴学科的应用是地图制图学的应用理论。在此基础上提出了地图制图学分支学科的划分问题。  相似文献   

基于NewMap在线专题地图制作     

宫净敏  黄钰  李成名 《地理信息世界》2016,(3):83-86

随着数字城市地理信息公共平台的投入运行,共享的在线专题信息越来越多,专题制图的需求越来越多。为增强专题地图的适用性、交互性和灵活性,以专题制图方法和网络服务为技术指导,以网络专题制图为研究对象,基于NewMap将传统的专题制图流程与Web服务相结合,形成一个面向服务的在线专题制图系统。  相似文献   

Transverse zones controlling the structural evolution of the Zipaquira Anticline (Eastern Cordillera,Colombia): Regional implications     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

We report paleomagnetic, magnetic fabric and structural results from 21 sites collected in Cretaceous marine mudstones and Paleogene continental sandstones from the limbs, hinge and transverse zones of the Zipaquira Anticline (ZA). The ZA is an asymmetrical fold with one limb completely overturned by processes like gravity and salt tectonics, and marked by several axis curvatures. The ZA is controlled by at least two (2) transverse zones known as the Neusa and Zipaquira Transverse Zones (NTZ and ZTZ, respectively). Magnetic mineralogy methods were applied at different sites and the main carriers of the magnetic properties are paramagnetic components with some sites being controlled by hematite and magnetite. Magnetic fabric analysis shows rigid-body rotation for the back-limb in the ZA, while the forelimb is subjected to internal deformation. Structural and paleomagnetic data shows the influence of the NTZ and ZTZ in the evolution of the different structures like the ZA and the Zipaquira, Carupa, Rio Guandoque, Las Margaritas and Neusa faults, controlling several factors as vergence, extension, fold axis curvature and stratigraphic detatchment. Clockwise rotations unraveled a block segmentation following a discontinuos model caused by transverse zones and one site reported a counter clockwise rotation associated with a left-lateral strike slip component for transverse faults (e.g. the Neusa Fault). We propose that diverse transverse zones have been active since Paleogene times, playing an important role in the tectonic evolution of the Cundinamarca sub-basin and controlling the structural evolution of folds and faults with block segmentation and rotations.  相似文献   

Fabric analysis of quartzites with negative magnetic susceptibility – Does AMS provide information of SPO or CPO of quartz?     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

We ask the question whether petrofabric data from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis of deformed quartzites gives information about shape preferred orientation (SPO) or crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of quartz. Since quartz is diamagnetic and has a negative magnetic susceptibility, 11 samples of nearly pure quartzites with a negative magnetic susceptibility were chosen for this study. After performing AMS analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was done in thin sections prepared parallel to the K₁K₃ plane of the AMS ellipsoid. Results show that in all the samples quartz SPO is sub-parallel to the orientation of the magnetic foliation. However, in most samples no clear correspondance is observed between quartz CPO and K₁ (magnetic lineation) direction. This is contrary to the parallelism observed between K₁ direction and orientation of quartz c-axis in the case of undeformed single quartz crystal. Pole figures of quartz indicate that quartz c-axis tends to be parallel to K₁ direction only in the case where intracrystalline deformation of quartz is accommodated by prism <c> slip. It is therefore established that AMS investigation of quartz from deformed rocks gives information of SPO. Thus, it is concluded that petrofabric information of quartzite obtained from AMS is a manifestation of its shape anisotropy and not crystallographic preferred orientation.  相似文献   

Asymmetrical magnetic fabrics in the Egersund doleritic dike swarm (SW Norway) reveal sinistral oblique rifting before the opening of the Iapetus     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

The 616 ± 3 Ma (Ediacaran) Egersund doleritic dike swarm cuts across the Rogaland anorthosite province and its granulitic country rocks, in SW Norway. The structure of eight out of eleven main dikes of the swarm was investigated using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique. Thermomagnetic data and values of the bulk magnetic susceptibility reveal a magnetic mineralogy dominated by Ti-poor titanomagnetite. Magnetic fabric and global petrofabric are coaxial, except in sites strongly affected by hydrothermal alteration, as demonstrated through image analysis. Asymmetrical dispositions of the magnetic foliation and lineation support the existence of a syn-emplacement, sinistral strike-slip shearing resolved on dike walls. Such asymmetrical fabrics are attributed to a transtension tectonic regime, in a context of oblique extension during the continental rifting phase which preceded the opening of the Iapetus Ocean along the SW margin (present-day orientation) of Baltica.  相似文献   

候旗沟泥石流发育特征及易发性评价          下载免费PDF全文

邵东桥  梁雨东  吴正军 《甘肃地质》2016,25(4):82-88

候旗沟流域地处青藏高原东北缘,降雨量集中且充沛,流域内支沟发育,沟谷深切,山坡陡峻,相对高差大,沟内固体物源储量丰富,沟床纵比降大,具备泥石流发育的条件。文章在深入分析4条泥石流沟形成的地质环境条件基础上,系统研究了泥石流静动力学特征、灾害史及爆发频率;采用层次分析法(AHP),选择单位面积物源储量、主沟纵比降、人口密度等10项因子,建立了泥石流易发性评价体系,通过对评价因子的定性分析和计算得到每条泥石流沟易发性大小,评价结果与历史调查结果有着很好的一致性。评价方法及评价结果对类似地区泥石流灾害的防治具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

基于离线卫星地图的移动导航定位服务应用     

王民水  杨国东  丁志江  王明常  卢立吉 《世界地质》2016,35(4):1158-1163

为实现精准的移动导航定位,将离线地图导航软件与web墨卡托投影格式影像图、DEM数据、OSM矢量交通图等数据相结合,借助离线地图导航软件的定位功能以及地形地貌、植被类型、通行通视条件等特征信息进行移动导航定位的现场解译,同时总结了移动导航定位在广西某输电线路和老挝某钾盐矿项目勘测中的导航应用效果。结果表明,基于离线卫星地图的移动导航定位既可以帮助野外工作人员宏观把握整体导航路线,又能通过现场解译对临场细节进行验证,从而优化导航线路顺利到达待测点位置。  相似文献   

Conceptual hydrodynamic-thermal mapping modelling for coral reefs at south Singapore sea     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

Coral reefs are important ecosystems that not only provide shelter and breeding ground for many marine species, but can also control of carbon dioxide level in ocean and act as coastal protection mechanism. Reduction of coral reefs at Singapore coastal waters (SCW) region remains as an important study to identify the environmental impact from its busy industrial activities especially at the surrounding of Jurong Island in the south. This kind of study at SCW was often being related to issues such as turbidity, sedimentation, pollutant transport (from industry activities) effects in literatures, but seldom investigated from the thermal change aspect. In this paper, a computational model was constructed using the Delft3D hydrodynamic module to produce wave simulations on sea regions surrounding Singapore Island. The complicated semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal wave events experienced by SCW were simulated for 2 weeks duration and compared to the Admiralty measured data. To simulate the thermal mapping at the south Singapore coastal waters (SSCW) region, we first adapted a conversion of industrial to thermal discharge; then from the discharge affected area a thermal map was further computed to compare with the measured coral map. The outcomes show that the proposed novel thermal modelling approach has quite precisely simulated the coral map at SSCW, with the condition that the near-field thermal sources are considered (with the coverage area in the limit of 20 km × 20 km).  相似文献   

A Combined Weight of Evidence and Logistic Regression Method for Susceptibility Mapping of Earthquake-induced Landslides: A Case Study of the April 20, 2013 Lushan Earthquake,China     

ZHOU Suhu  WANG Wei  CHEN Guangqi  LIU Baochen  FANG Ligang 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):511-524

The Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake triggered a huge number of landslides. Landslide susceptibility mapping is of great importance. Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Logistic Regression (LR) methods have been widely used for LSM (Landslide Susceptibility Mapping). However, limitations still exist. WoE is capable of assessing the influence of different classes of each factor, but neglects the correlation between factors. LR is able to analyze the relationship among the factors while it is not capable of evaluating the influence of different classes. This paper proposes a combined method of LR and WoE for LSM, taking advantage of their individual merits and overcoming their limitations. An inventory of 1289 landslides was used: 70% were random-selected for training and the remaining for validation. 11 landslide condition factors were employed in the model and the result was validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed that the LR-WoE model had a better accuracy than the LR model, producing an area below the curve with values of 0.802 success and 0.791 predictive, higher than that of the LR model (0.715 success and 0.722 predictive). It is therefore concluded that the combined method of WoE and LR can provide a promising level of accuracy for earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility mapping.  相似文献   

基于地理国情普查数据的空间规划底图编制研究     

周墨  张天红  周艳  王国明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(12):112-115

空间规划底图编制是创新性地编制好市县经济社会发展总体规划、实施主体功能区制度、推动市县"多规合一"的重要基础。本文基于地理国情普查数据,开展空间规划底图编制生产性实验,对生产及技术环节提出指导意见,分析相关问题产生的原因,总结经验。  相似文献