Hydrothermal sedimentation characteristics of the Dajiangping superlarge pyrite deposit, Yunfu, Guangdong   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈多福  陈光谦等 《中国地球化学学报》1998,17(4):331-337

The Dajiangping pyrite deposit is hosted in a carbonate-clastic rock series which is characterized by a bioreef-chert suite in its middle part.Conformable lenses of various sizes constitute the orebodies which often branch transitionally into the surroundings.Syngenetic deformation fabrics can be observed in orebody NO.3.Orebody No.4 is composed almost entirely of massive pyrite,with conspicuous hydrothermal sedimentation and bacterium-alga features.The hydrothermal sedimentation origin is also reflected by simple chemistry of the ore (predominated by quartz and pyrite),the presence of U and Th,and the REE compositions of pyrite and ankerite.The ores are rich in organic matter and the difference in organic content between the banded ores and the massive ores is mainly owing to the difference in the clastic components they contain rather than to the subsequent processes of reworking .Co/Ni rations in the ore may reflect the temperature pattern during hydrothermal sedimentation.  相似文献   

中子活化技术在层序地层学中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周瑶琪  吴智平 《地学前缘》1998,5(1):143-149

中子活化分析是一种重要的核分析技术,具有灵敏度好、精密度和准确度高、多元素分析、免除试剂的空白、基体效应小、不损坏样品等优点,在地学研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。笔者将它应用于层序地层学的研究中。通过对地层中宇宙化学特征元素（如Ｃｏ,Ｉｒ等）及ＲＥＥ元素丰度值的测定,建立了一套计算海相地层的沉积速率、相对海平面变化、间断面的精细时间结构的定量计算方法,并成功地运用于贵州紫云海相地层的层序地层学研究,恢复了该地区晚二叠世具线性时标的相对海平面变化定量曲线。  相似文献   

辫状河现代沉积研究与相模式──中国永定河剖析   总被引：29，自引：5，他引：24  

廖保方  薛培华 《沉积学报》1998,16(1):34-39

永定河是一条多河型河流,自上而下,包括了辩状河→曲流河→分流网状河的河型空间转换。其间辫状河段可明显区分为两类亚型:即冲积扇区的高坡降辫状河和冲积平原区低坡降辫状河。二者在河流形态、沉积物特征等方面显示不同。而沉积作用机制和砂体沉积模式是近似的,二者均进行垂向加积作用,均发生五个级次的沉积再作用面,均发育三个级次类型的薄夹层:滞留层、落淤层、颗粒降纹层与颗粒流纹层。其中落淤层最具指相意义。在河道经常摆动迁移过程中,最终形成砂体广泛展布的“叠覆泛砂体”。这种辫状河沉积模式──“叠覆泛砂体”为油气储集提供了良好的储集空间和场所。  相似文献   

Rapid sediment accumulation and microbial mineralization in forests of the mangrove Kandelia candel in the Jiulongjiang Estuary, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D.M. Alongi  J. Pfitzner  L.A. Trott  F. Tirendi  P. Dixon  D.W. Klumpp 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):605-618

Rates of sediment accumulation and microbial mineralization were examined at three Kandelia candel forests spanning the intertidal zone along the south coastline of the heavily urbanized Jiulongljiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China. Mass sediment accumulation rates were rapid (range: 10–62 kg m⁻² y⁻¹) but decreased from the low- to the high-intertidal zone. High levels of radionuclides suggest that these sediments originate from erosion of agricultural soils within the catchment. Mineralization of sediment carbon and nitrogen was correspondingly rapid, with total rate of mineralization ranging from 135 to 191 mol C m⁻² y⁻¹ and 9 to 11 mol N m⁻² y⁻¹; rates were faster in summer than in autumn/winter. Rates of mineralization efficiency (70–93% for C; 69–92% for N) increased, as burial efficiency (7–30% for C; 8–31% for N) decreased, from the low-to the high-intertidal mangroves. Sulphate reduction was the dominant metabolic pathway to a depth of 1 m, with rates (19–281 mmol S m⁻² d⁻¹) exceeding those measured in other intertidal deposits. There is some evidence that Fe and Mn reduction-oxidation cycles are coupled to the activities of live roots within the 0–40 cm depth horizon. Oxic respiration accounted for 5–12% of total carbon mineralization. Methane flux was slow and highly variable when detectable (range: 5–66 μmol CH₄ m⁻² d⁻¹). Nitrous oxide flux was also highly variable, but within the range (1.6–106.5 μmol N₂O m⁻² d⁻¹) measured in other intertidal sediments. Rates of denitrification were rapid, ranging from 1106 to 3780 μmol N₂ m⁻² d⁻¹, and equating to 11–20% of total sediment nitrogen inputs. Denitrification was supported by rapid NH₄ release within surface deposits (range: 3.6–6.1 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹). Our results support the notion that mangrove forests are net accumulation sites for sediment and associated elements within estuaries, especially Kandelia candel forests receiving significant inputs as a direct result of intense human activity along the south China coast.  相似文献   

三维油类浓度预测模型     

郑连远  孙英兰  郭耀同 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(Z1)

在三维计算潮流场基础上,根据物质输运方程,考虑陆源排油、分散油的挥发、悬浮物对油类的吸附沉降及微生物对油类的净化作用,建立了三维油类浓度预测模型。  相似文献   

高浑浊度河口沉积物的沉积机理评述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王飞  张龙军 《海洋湖沼通报》2004,(2):21-29

该文主要介绍了潮流对沉积作用的影响，沉积物的再悬浮和最大浑浊带的形成机制以及影响沉积物絮凝沉降的因素。潮流是搬运河口泥沙的主要动力，沉积在河口拦门沙的泥沙会在潮流的作用下向河口外继续搬运。沉积物的再悬浮和最大浑浊带密不可分，正是由于沉积物在周期性潮流的作用下引起再悬浮，为最大浑浊带的形成提供了条件。影响沉积物絮凝沉降的因素很多，有内因，也有外因。内因是颗粒物自身的性质；外因如盐度、流速、pH值等。  相似文献   

New Insights in Shallow Gas Generation from Very High Resolution Seismic and Bathymetric Surveys in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France     

Xavier Bertin  Eric Chaumillon 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):225-233

Very high resolution seismic profiles, ground-truthed by vibrocores, have revealed the occurrence of kilometre-scale acoustic turbidity in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France. Such acoustic turbidity is commonly interpreted as gas-charged sediments. Comparison between accurate historical bathymetric data and the present day bathymetry has shown high sediment accretion zones in the study area (locally up to 8 m since 1824). The superimposition of seismic and bathymetric datasets displays a striking correlation between the high sedimentation rate area and the boundaries of the acoustic turbidity, i.e. gas-charged sediments. The key role of sedimentation rates in shallow gas generation in the study area is pointed out. It is also concluded that shallow gas is probably generated at short (decadal to secular) time scales.  相似文献   

陆相CaCO3的环境相模式讨论   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨汉奎  黄仁海 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):105-114

本文认为陆相CaCO_3是喀斯特过程中的堆积物,它包括地表的石灰华类和洞穴中的洞石。这是一大类第四纪沉积物,其堆积、结构、颜色、形态受堆积环境总效应控制,涉及到古环境、古动力和能流诸多因子,构成了重要的地质环境信息库。本文从堆积环境,动力能级、形态成因的整体性、系统性上讨论,提出了陆相CaCO_3堆积的环境相多模式的认识。  相似文献   

Reviewing the far-reaching ecological impacts of human-induced terrigenous sedimentation on shallow marine ecosystems in a northern-New Zealand embayment     

John D. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(4):593-613

ABSTRACT

Human settlement in Bay of Islands, New Zealand, beginning ～1300 AD, wrought immense, conspicuous and enduring change to local shallow-water marine ecologies, this review addressing those transformations attributable to increased rates of anthropogenically induced, land-derived sedimentation. Elevated silt inflow, particularly after the late-1800s, in course led to ～130% expansion in mangrove (Avicennia marina) cover, with concomitant loss of saltmarsh, uppershore coarse-shell beaches/cheniers, and (probably) intertidal seagrass (Zostera muelleri). Sedimentation also led to widespread loss of estuarine shellfish habitat, and, although not necessarily categorically causal, seems, at the same time to have contributed to such degradation among cockle (Austrovenus stutchburyi) populations that few individuals attain their potential size. Most changes, many seemingly irreversible, can be described as ecologically catastrophic, with ecosystems altered and destroyed, and uncommon habitats threatened. Sedimentation appears the single-most important and enduring contributor to ecological degradation in shallow waters of this northern harbour, with time lags between stressor-onset and realisation of impact (decades to centuries) that only now are becoming clear. Outstanding issues concern establishing the extent of relationship between levels of terrigenous sedimentation and cockles seldom attaining their previous maximum sizes, and origins of the possibly new, widespread phenomenon of living cockles accumulating and dying atop beach surfaces.  相似文献   

Quantifying subaqueous slope stability during seismic shaking: Lake Lucerne as model for ocean margins     

Michael Strasser  Sylvia Stegmann  Felix Bussmann  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Beat Rick  Achim Kopf 《Marine Geology》2007,240(1-4):77-97

Lakes can be used as model basins to investigate subaqueous slope stability under static and dynamic loading conditions. This study combines geophysical, sedimentological and in situ geotechnical methods with limit equilibrium calculations in order to discuss (i) the geological and sedimentological processes acting on submerged non-deltaic lateral slopes in perialpine, fjord-type Lake Lucerne (Central Switzerland); (ii) their control on physical and geotechnical properties that eventually affect the subaqueous stability conditions and slope failure initiation, and (iii) the quantitative assessment of subaqueous slope stability. Three detailed case studies are presented to describe and quantitatively reconstruct stability conditions of slopes that failed during a well-documented historic earthquake in 1601 A.D. and during a prehistoric Late Holocene earthquake around 2220 cal yr BP (both M_w > 6).

Glacio-lacustrine sedimentation dominated by suspension settling from meltwater plumes and slight overconsolidation from ice-grounding during small readvances of a generally retreating glacier lead to a peculiar glacial-to-postglacial lithologic slope succession that eventually was buried by the Holocene sediment drape. During past earthquake shaking, the slopes that were stable under static loading conditions (factor of safety of 1.5–2) failed along planar sliding surfaces that developed at the lithological boundary between fine-grained, thinly-laminated, slightly underconsolidated cyclic plume deposits with low undrained shear strength values above and overconsolidated, glacially-deformed, glacio-lacustrine deposits with excessive formation pore pressure below. Measured in situ shear strength characteristics and sediment geometries were implemented into limit equilibrium models that allow for quantitative reconstruction of critical ground accelerations of past earthquakes in Central Switzerland. Results reveal seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA) of  0.08 g and  0.14 g for the historic 1601 A.D. M_w  6.2 earthquake and the prehistoric,  2220 cal yr B.P. earthquake, respectively. Additionally, results reveal that stability conditions change over relative short geological time scales because the postglacial sedimentation rate, which mainly controls the static weight of the slope sediment acting on the critical lithological boundary, turns out to be a key parameter in “charging” slopes susceptible to sliding.  相似文献