基于Java 3D的地形可视化及关键技术研究     

吕蓬  李磊  谢三德 《东北测绘》2012,(10):74-76

3维地形可视化是科学计算可视化、计算机动画和3维地理信息系统的核心。Java 3D是Java语言的标准扩展,是跨平台的3维可视化编程接口。本文讨论了基于Java 3D技术实现地形的3维可视化及旨在提高渲染速度和提高绘图效率的几种关键技术。  相似文献   

GPS在矿区地形控制测量中的应用     

尚亮  赵春阳 《地理空间信息》2012,(2):56-58

矿山的地形测量逐渐引入现代高新技术,GPS的兴起也使矿山地形监测更加方便、准确。详细介绍了GPS卫星定位系统的原理以及在地形控制测量中的优越性,并运用实例探讨了采用GPS定位技术建立矿区地形监测网、监测方法、数据处理等问题。  相似文献   

豫西黄河流域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

申怀飞  吴国玺  丁圣彦 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(3):159-162,171

豫西黄河流域土地利用空间格局在水平和垂直方向上都具有明显区域特征。利用DEM数据对研究区土地利用空间格局地形梯度规律进行了分析,结果表明:(1)各土地利用类型的空间分布规律随高程和坡度的变化具有显著的特点:受人类活动干扰影响较大的各类农业用地、建筑用地、果园、水域和湿地主要分布在海拔相对较低和坡度相对较小的区域;而受人类活动干扰影响较小的各类林地(除果园外)、草地和未利用地则比较均匀地分布在海拔相对较高和坡度较大的区域。(2)不同的海拔段和坡度段内各土地类型的分布也存在一定的分布规律:农业用地类型和林地类型在各个地形梯度内都占有较大的面积比重,这是由于其基数较大,在区域内占据优势地位决定的;在低海拔小坡度地段内农业用地具有相对的面积优势;有林地随着海拔升高和坡度增大,面积比例不断增大,其主导地位随之增强。  相似文献   

基于IDL的地形三维可视化实现   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何全军  程彬  许惠平 《世界地质》2004,23(1):85-89

作为一种第四代的编程语言,IDL具有对海量数据进行获取、分析、可视化以及对多种图像进行处理和交互式操作的功能。在分析IDL的基础上,应用组件编程技术实现了对遥感图像和DEM数据进行地形三维合成及动态模拟的可视化系统设计,经对环境的三维再现和模拟,对生态环境的演变研究可以起到指导作用,而且它具有较好的系统维护和重复使用功能、易于扩展以及面向对象的特点。用该系统建立了吉林西部虚拟自然环境,对三维地形进行空间分析,及吉林西部生态环境数据库的空间和属性数据的查询。  相似文献   

Validation of a region-wide model of landslide susceptibility in the Manawatu–Wanganui region of New Zealand     

John R. Dymond  Anne-Gaelle Ausseil  James D. Shepherd  Lars Buettner 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):70-79

Since European settlement 160 years ago, much of the indigenous forest in New Zealand hill country has been cleared for pastoral agriculture, resulting in increased erosion and sedimentation. To prioritise soil conservation work in the Manawatu–Wanganui region, we developed a model of landslide susceptibility. It assigns high susceptibility to steep land not protected by woody vegetation and low susceptibility everywhere else, following the commonly used approach for identifying inappropriate land use. A major storm on 15–16 February 2004 that produced many landslides was used to validate the model. The model predicted hills at risk to landsliding with moderate accuracy: 58% of erosion scars in the February storm occurred on hillsides considered to be susceptible. The model concept of slope thresholds, above which the probability of landsliding is high and below which the probability is low, is not adequate because below 30° the probability of landsliding is approximately linearly related to slope. Thus, reforestation of steep slopes will need to be combined with improved vegetation management for soil conservation on moderate slopes to significantly reduce future landsliding.  相似文献   

A Model to Estimate Global Radiation in Complex Terrain     

Quan Wang  Wang John Tenhunen  Markus Schmidt  Olimpia Kolcun 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(2):409-429

Global radiation is an important parameter necessary for most ecological models. However, in situ data barely meets the needs of modelling mountainous ecosystems since most field stations are located in flat areas. Consequently, it is usually necessary to extrapolate radiation measurements obtained from an adjacent flat area to the complex terrain of concern. The distribution of radiation in complex terrain depends upon two factors: the local atmospheric conditions, which determine the radiation potentially available to a supposed flat surface in a given location, and the topographic effects on this possible radiation. The latter have been included in detail in most radiation models for complex terrain, but the former are often only simply treated as constant or estimated by over-simplified empirical algorithms. In this paper we propose a novel model that uses a parametric atmospheric model to calculate the potential radiation for a supposed flat surface in a given location, and then account for topographic effects. Direct radiation, diffuse radiation and reflected radiation are calculated separately in the model due to the distinctive characteristics of and the effects by topography. Based on the parametric model, this paper has investigated the relationship between radiation transmittance, clearness indices and altitude under a series of water vapour content and turbidity conditions. This combines three ratios, R _b, R _d, and R _r, defined as the direct radiation, diffuse radiation and reflected radiation received by the arbitrary surface, respectively, to their counterparts in the horizontal surface, to estimate the global radiation for any given location. The model has been validated with data from measurements in National Park Berchtesgaden, Germany, where six measurement sites with various altitudes and topographic characteristics have been deployed. The r ² of modelled and measured hourly global radiation are greater than 0.90 in all six sites, with RMSE varies from 16 to 100 W m⁻². Sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was not sensitive to change in water vapour content, which suggests the possibility to use an exponential algorithm of water vapour content when there is no in situ water vapour content information in complex terrains. The NRMSE was only reduced by 0.04, on average, in five of the six sites when water vapour content information was calculated from the in situ air temperature and relative humidity measurements.  相似文献   

Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over a Uniform Slope: Some Theoretical Concepts     

Andrew J. Maguire  Julia M. Rees  Stephen H. Derbyshire 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,120(2):219-227

Theoretical arguments are developed to describe the effects of a uniform slope on the development of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (SBL). A maximum sustainable surface buoyancy flux exists for the SBL overlying a uniform, non-sloping surface. In this study it is shown that the SBL overlying a uniform shallow slope (with gradient of the order of 1:1000) also supports a maximum sustainable buoyancy flux, B _max, but that the value of B _max is influenced by the gradient of the slope, γ. It is demonstrated that in the limit γ → 0, results for the SBL over a horizontal surface are recovered.  相似文献   

The Influence of Hilly Terrain on Canopy-Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide Exchange   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

G. G. Katul  J. J. Finnigan  D. Poggi  R. Leuning  S. E. Belcher 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(1):189-216

Topography influences many aspects of forest-atmosphere carbon exchange; yet only a small number of studies have considered the role of topography on the structure of turbulence within and above vegetation and its effect on canopy photosynthesis and the measurement of net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ (N_ee) using flux towers. Here, we focus on the interplay between radiative transfer, flow dynamics for neutral stratification, and ecophysiological controls on CO₂ sources and sinks within a canopy on a gentle cosine hill. We examine how topography alters the forest-atmosphere CO₂ exchange rate when compared to uniform flat terrain using a newly developed first-order closure model that explicitly accounts for the flow dynamics, radiative transfer, and nonlinear eco physiological processes within a plant canopy. We show that variation in radiation and airflow due to topography causes only a minor departure in horizontally averaged and vertically integrated photosynthesis from their flat terrain values. However, topography perturbs the airflow and concentration fields in and above plant canopies, leading to significant horizontal and vertical advection of CO₂. Advection terms in the conservation equation may be neglected in flow over homogeneous, flat terrain, and then N_ee = F_c, the vertical turbulent flux of CO₂. Model results suggest that vertical and horizontal advection terms are generally of opposite sign and of the same order as the biological sources and sinks. We show that, close to the hilltop, F_c departs by a factor of three compared to its flat terrain counterpart and that the horizontally averaged F_c-at canopy top differs by more than 20% compared to the flat-terrain case.  相似文献   

Modeling the 3D Terrain Effect on MT by the Boundary Element Method     

阮百尧徐世浙  徐志锋 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2006,17(2):163-167

By using the numerical method to model the ter-rain effect on the magnetotelluric field,few resultshave been obtained. The finite element method(FEM) was used by Chouteau and Bouchard (1988)and Wannamaker et al .(1986) ,andthe boundary el-ement method (BEM) was used by Xu and Zhou(1997) and Xu (1995) to model 2Dtopographyinflu-ences on magnetotelluric surveys . The BEM methodwas also used to model the 3Dtopographic effect onmagnetotelluric deep sounding (Xu et al .,1997 ;Xu,1995) .In t…  相似文献   

基于VC~( )的重力近中区地形改正可视化程序设计     

JIANG Fu-yu MENG Ling-shun ZHANG Feng-xu GAO Li-kun .College of GeoExploration Science  Technology  Jilin University  Changchun  China .College of Earth Sciences  dilin University  Changchun  China 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,(Z2)

从传统的重力地形改正方法入手,用VC~( )语言编制了重力地形改正可视化程序。它能用于重力近中区地形改正,并能满足重力地改的精度要求,使得多年来重力近中区地形改正繁重的手工数图工作能够用计算机完成,且计算精度和速度得到明显提高。通过人机对话的形式(操作界面),可直接计算出近、中区的地形改正值。  相似文献