Spatial distribution characteristics of urban thermal conditions: application of GIS and remote sensing     

ZHOU Hong-mei  ZHOU Cheng-hu  GE Wei-qiang  DING Jin-cai 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(3):261-270

Due to the limitation of site number, manpower and material resources, it is hard to gain a deep understanding of the plane distribution and internal structure of the thermal conditions by routine methods to study the thermal landscape characteristics of the ground surface. Using remote sensing method to study and analyze heat island effect has many advantages, such as high resolution, wide coverage and dense samples. In order to study, in advance and synchronously, the thermal distribution ch…  相似文献   

攀枝花地区地质研究新进展     

马玉孝  纪相田  张成江  王洪峰  王大可 《矿物岩石》2001,21(2):94-97

本文简要介绍了在攀枝花1：5万区域地质调查中有关地层、沉积相、岩浆岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等方面所取得的一些进展和对一些岩石地层单位的时代归属和界线位置的修定结果。  相似文献   

Geodynamic characteristics of tectonic extension in the northern margin of South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Jian  WANG Jiyang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(5):437-445

Based on the geothermal and gravitation methods, this paper investigated the rheological and thermal structure of the lithosphere under the northern margin of South China Sea. The result shows that the temperature of the upper crust is 150–300°C lower than that of the lower crust, and the viscous coefficient of the upper crust is 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the lower crust. It reveals that the upper crust is characterized by brittle deformation while the lower crust by ductile deformation. A channel of lower-viscosity should be formed between the upper and lower crust when the lithosphere is scattered and spreads out toward ocean from northwest to southeast along the northern margin of South China Sea. And, a brittle deformation takes place in the upper part of the lithosphere while a ductile deformation takes place in the lower part of the lithosphere due to different viscous coefficients and temperature. The layered deformation leads the faulted blocks to rotate along the faulting and the marginal grabens to appear in the northern margin of South China Sea in Cenozoic tectonic expansion.  相似文献   

Thermal acclimation and non-shivering thermogenesis in three species of South American rodents: a comparison between arid and mesic habitats     

Roberto F. Nespolo  Juan C. Opazo  Francisco Bozinovic 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,48(4):581

Non-hibernating mammals that live in seasonal and arid environments change their non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity to maintain homeothermy. Metabolic capabilities of animals, such as NST, are considered adaptive plastic traits because they have a broad range of possible phenotypes with different ambient temperatures (i.e. the reaction norm). Consequently, we determined the reaction norm for NST in Octodon degus (Bennett, 1832; m_b=189 g) andPhyllotis darwini (Waterhouse, 1837; m_b=61 g) from the mesic habitat of central Chile, and inPhyllotis xanthopygus (Waterhouse, 1837; m_b=67 g) from the high Andean plains of northern Chile, an arid and seasonal habitat. Octodon degus showed a 22% increase in NST with thermal acclimation, whereas P. xanthopygus showed a 112% increase, and P. darwini showed a 117% increase in NST, being the largest change observed. These results are in agreement with our hypothesis of evolutionary inertia, which states that observed metabolic plasticity in Phyllotis species is consequence of their high Andean origin, in spite of the fact the actual habitat ofP. darwini is the less seasonal central valley of Chile.  相似文献   

Episodic exhumation of accretionary complexes: Fission-track thermochronologic evidence from the Shimanto Belt and its vicinities, southwest Japan     

Takahiro  Tagami  Noriko  Hasebe Chica  Shimada 《Island Arc》1995,4(3):209-230

Abstract Apatite and zircon fission-track (FT) analyses of the Shimanto accretionary complex and its vicinities, southwest Japan, unraveled the episodic material migration of the deep interiors of the accretionary complex. Apatite data with 100°C closure temperature (T_e) generally indicate ~10 Ma cooling throughout the Shimanto complex. In contrast, zircon data with 260°C T_e exhibit a wide range of apparent ages as a consequence of paleotemperature increase to the zircon partial annealing zone. In the Muroto and Kyushu regions, maximum temperatures tend to have been higher in the northern, older part of the complex, with indistinguishable temperature differences between coherent and melange units adjacent to each other. It thus suggests, along with vitrinite reflectance data, that older accretionary units occurring to the north sustain greater maximum burial during the accretion-burial-exhumation process. Zircon data suggest two cooling episodes: ~70 Ma cooling at widespread localities in the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt and Sambagawa Belt, and ~15 Ma cooling in the central Kii Peninsula. The former is consistent with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar cooling ages from the Sambagawa Belt, whereas the latter slightly predates the widespread 10 Ma apatite cooling ages. These data imply that the extensive material migration and exhumation took place in and around the Shimanto complex in Late Cretaceous as well as in Middle Miocene. Considering tectonic factors to control evolution of accretionary complexes, the episodic migration is best explained by accelerated accretion of sediments due to increased sediment influx at the ancient Shimanto trench, probably derived from massive volcano-plutonic complexes contemporaneously placed inland. Available geo- and thermochronologic data suggest that extensive magmatism triggered regional exhumation twice in the past 100 Ma, shedding new light on the cordilleran orogeny and paired metamorphism concepts.  相似文献   

渍害遥感识别的基本原理与方法     

喻光明 《遥感学报》1995,(1)

本文论述了渍害遥感识别的主要标志，通过土壤热惯量、土壤含水量及土壤温度等渍害相关因子的讨论，阐明了渍害遥感识别的基本原理及几种主委方法。由于渍害涉及诸多因素，本文给出了以地学相关分析为基础的渍害判别模型。本研究表明，用遥感方法研究渍害是切实可行的。  相似文献   

雷州半岛硅藻土煅烧中的结构变化   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

王辅亚  张惠芬 《矿物学报》1995,15(1):40-46

本文应用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等手段，对广东海康、徐闻的硅藻土在煅烧过程中热结构变化进行了探讨。结构表明，煅烧使硅藻内部矿物的微观结构发生变化而引起形变，主要为ＳｉＯ２从无序含水的蛋白石转变为有序的方石英晶体。形变温度随其硅藻的种类和杂质不同而各异。本研究为这两地硅藻土的开发提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

航磁、重力异常及数据处理成果在清原地区金矿地质研究中的应用     

单汝俭  焦新华  周富祥 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1995,(1)

通过航磁、重力异常及数据处理成果的分析和研究，阐述了清原地区深部构造、区域构造、花岗岩体及太古宙变质杂岩的展布特征与金矿成矿之间的关系，指出了该区金矿成矿的远景地段。  相似文献   

镜质组反射率与沉积盆地古地温分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

汤达祯 《地学前缘》1995,2(4):181-188

在地质研究与资源勘探中，特别是针对油气生成、运移和保存有关的地热过程分析，镜质组反射率（Ｒ）已被广泛地应用于沉积盆地古地温的确定。本文从Ｒ增值的反应动力学、Ｒ－古地温－受热时间模拟计算、流体扰动对流型热体系中的Ｒ性征及Ｒ古地温分析技术扩展等方面，概括地总结讨论了有关应用现状与理论进展。由于沉积有机质构成及其热反应作用的复杂性，过分简单地将Ｒ与地温值对应的做法已被否定，代之以地质、地球热力学与反应动力学的综合分析。不同源岩中Ｒ增值与热能关系的确定，温度－时间计算方法的改进、异常热背景如对流型热体制的分析以及低成熟与镜质组缺失条件下成熟度参数的Ｒ标定等，将是今后急待解决的主要问题。  相似文献   

High-resolution mean sea surface computed with altimeter data of Ers-1 (geodetic mission) and topex-poseidon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Cazenave  P. Schaeffer  M. Berge  C. Brossier  K. Dominh  M. C. Gennero 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,125(3):696-704

The remote-sensing satellite ERS-1, launched in 1991 to study the Earth's environment, was placed on a geodetic (168-day repeat) orbit between 1994 April and 1995 March to map, through altimetric measurements, the gravity field over the whole oceanic domain with a resolution of 8 km at the equator in both along-track and cross-track directions. We have analysed the precise altimeter data of the geodetic mission, and, by also using one year of Topex-Poseidon altimeter data, we have computed a global high-resolution mean sea surface. The various steps involved in pre-processing the ERS-1 data consisted of correcting the data for environmental factors, editing, and reducing, through crossover analyses, the radial orbit error, which directly affects sea-surface height measurements. For this purpose, we adjusted sinusoids at 1 and 2 cycle rev⁻¹ along the ERS-1 profiles in order to minimize crossover differences between ERS-1 and yearly averaged Topex-Poseidon profiles. In effect, the orbit of Topex-Poseidon is very accurately determined (within 2–3 cm for the radial component), so Topex-Poseidon altimeter profiles can serve as a reference to reduce the ERS-1 radial orbit error. The ERS-1 residual orbit error was further reduced through a second crossover analysis between all ascending and descending profiles of the geodetic mission. The along-track ERS-1 and Topex-Poseidon data were then interpolated over the whole oceanic domain on a regular grid of 1/16°× 1/16° size. The mapping of the gridded sea-surface heights reveals the very fine structure of the marine geoid, up until now unknown at a global scale. This new data set will be most useful for marine geophysical and tectonic investigations.  相似文献