‘We are at the mercy of the floods!’ : Extreme weather events,disrupted mobilities,and everyday navigation in urban Ghana     

Ebenezer F. Amankwaa  Katherine V. Gough 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(2):235-254

This paper examines how extreme weather events affect the mobility of low-income urban residents in Ghana. Bringing together scholarship on extreme weather and mobilities, it explores the differential impact of flooding on their everyday lives as they navigate the cities of Accra and Tamale. A range of qualitative methods were drawn on, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and follow-along-participant observations in selected communities of both cities. Three key themes emerged: disrupted road and transport infrastructure, everyday mobility challenges, and coping/adaptive strategies. In flooding conditions, residents experienced difficulties leaving/returning home, engaging in income-generating activities, and accessing transport services and other key urban infrastructure. Conceptually, the paper reveals how disruption to urban residents’ daily movements and activities (re)produces new forms of mobilities and immobilities, which have three relational elements: postponed, improvised and assisted. Throughout the analysis, we show how these mobilities/immobilities vary by age and gender: all urban residents, (though women in particular), experience postponed mobility; young people especially engage in improvised mobility; and children and the elderly are in greatest need of assisted mobility. The paper thus contributes to scholarship on extreme weather events and mobility by providing a more spatially nuanced understanding of the multi-faceted domains in which flooding, socio-economic conditions and adaptive strategies intersect to influence urban mobility in resource poor settings.  相似文献   

大数据时代的人类移动性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆锋  刘康  陈洁 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(5):665-672

人类个体/群体移动特征是多学科共同关注的研究主题。移动定位、无线通讯和移动互联网技术的快速发展使得获取大规模、长时间序列、精细时空粒度的个体移动轨迹和相互作用定量化成为可能。同时,地理信息科学、统计物理学、复杂网络科学和计算机科学等多学科交叉也为人类移动性研究的定量化提供了有力支撑。本文首先系统总结了大数据时代开展人类移动性研究的多源异构数据基础和多学科研究方法,然后将人类移动性研究归纳为面向人和面向地理空间两大方向。面向人的研究侧重探索人类移动特性的统计规律,并建立模型解释相应的动力学机制,或分析人类活动模式,并预测出行或活动;面向地理空间的研究侧重从地理视角分析人类群体在地理空间中的移动,探索宏观活动和地理空间的交互特征。围绕这两大方向,本文评述了人类移动性的研究进展和存在问题,认为人类移动性研究在数据稀疏性、数据偏斜影响与处理、多源异构数据挖掘、机器学习方法等方面依然面临挑战,对多学科研究方法的交叉与融合提出了更高要求。  相似文献   

人工示踪方法评价地下水入渗补给及其优先流程度——以河北栾城和衡水为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴庆华  张薇  蔺文静  张发旺  王贵玲 《地球学报》2014,35(4):495-502

利用传统人工示踪剂峰值方法评价地下水入渗补给存在精度低和适用性差等缺点。为此,本文提出了多区模型方法,采用保守型示踪剂溴和氚对河北栾城和衡水地区进行了不同土地利用方式和不同深度下地下水入渗补给评价。结果表明,栾城和衡水地区地下水入渗补给量分别为124.3 mm/a和13.7 mm/a,与传统方法(103.3 mm/a和0.0 mm/a)相比,多区模型方法的评价结果更符合实际。同时对由优先流引起的地下水入渗补给量进行了分析,栾城和衡水地区优先流程度分别为28.7%和2.3%。秸秆覆盖抑制降雨或灌溉水入渗补给地下水,降低优先流程度,而植被覆盖有利于土壤水优先流的形成。地下水入渗补给量及其优先流程度与示踪深度均无明显相关性,且受土壤结构控制。  相似文献   

新流动范式下非流动性的研究进展与展望北大核心CSCDCSSCI     

熊伟  黄媚娇  蔡晓梅  艾芹  钟诗瑶 《地理研究》2022,41(3):748-763

新冠疫情下的中断与非流动性改变新流动性范式的叙事逻辑,作为现代社会基本原则的流动性受到挑战与质疑,而正确认识非流动性事关新流动范式的未来转向与变革。为此,本研究对新流动范式下的非流动性研究进行综述,思考流动性与非流动性的辩证关系,为新流动范式的转型提供新的路径。本研究发现,新流动范式下非流动性的研究领域具有四个重要转向:从批判解构到辩证关系的认识;从本体不可能到有可能的思考;从宏观视野到微观解释的叙述;从方法二元到方法平衡的转变。同时,非流动性研究中存在四大重要议题:地方性非流动人口;支撑性的停泊空间;非表征的静默身体;跨时空的节点主体。最后,本研究为非流动性的未来研究提出相关展望:关注非流动性的人口异质性;关注多样化的非流动性空间;认识后人类技术与非流动性身体;探讨可持续发展的流动性。  相似文献   

中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例     

王淑芳  闫语欣  孟广文 《地理科学》2022,42(7):1187-1195

中国境外经贸合作区的建设是国内特殊经济区发展经验在空间上的延展。基于东道国独特的发展条件,需要将国内园区的建设经验进行调整,再运用到中国境外经贸合作区以适应东道国本地化发展。构建政策移动的理论框架,采用案例分析和比较研究法,以天津经济技术开发区与中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例,将国内园区与境外经贸合作区的相关政策进行对比分析,验证政策在不同国家“土壤环境”中的适应性。研究发现：① 根据政策施行的影响因素和不同作用,政策移动可以分为政策移植、政策调试和政策创新;② 规划建设经验、运营管理经验、环保政策、人才政策等可直接进行政策移植;发展模式和文化政策要进行政策调试;法规政策、晋升政策和优惠政策需要进行政策创新;③ 园区的共性体现在国内园区成熟经验的借鉴、人才的培育与储备、园区生态环境的保护以及基础设施和配套设施的完善;④ 园区的个性体现在文化的求同尊异、园区品牌的打造、晋升制度的创新和协调机制的建立等。创新性地运用政策移动性理论将国内和国外园区进行关联研究,揭示了境外经贸合作区的移植、调试和创新国内园区政策的过程,深化了政策移动理论的内涵,丰富了境外经贸合作区的理论研究成果。  相似文献   

流动中的地方记忆：南海渔民的流动性与集体记忆建构     

刘玄宇  刘云刚 《热带地理》2022,42(7):1128-1137

渔民是天然流栖性群体,不仅需要关注其流动性时空规律,更要关注其流动过程中所产生的社会文化意涵。文章从流动性与集体记忆视角出发,选取海南省东部典型渔村为案例地,通过访谈深入理解渔民在流动中的地方记忆建构,主要从流动、停泊、定居的3种不同状态归纳渔民流动中的时空盈缩、物质条件和流动路径节点,从时间、地方和权力三要素探讨渔民集体记忆的形成。研究发现：1）渔民跨界流动具有动态盈缩的特点,经历了从民间自觉到官方规范,从渔业生产到商渔复合,从局地到广域再到局地的动态过程。2）渔民的流动状态和过程赋予海洋以地方特性。人船组合拓展渔民自主流动的能力,“陆—海—岛”流栖空间中的地物和景观凸显集体记忆的物质依赖性。3）随着生产生活方式变迁,代际更迭削弱了原有的人海关联,流动资源的分配不均导致集体记忆结构性消退,渔业村镇的全球—地方的跨区域色彩逐渐被剥离,回归到同质化的域内流空间。  相似文献   

地理学视角下旅游安全事故成因研究     

刘逸  李源  纪捷韩 《世界地理研究》2022,31(2):236-248

学界对旅游安全事故成因的分析主要借鉴安全管理学,旅游活动的地理时空特殊性未受到充分重视,已有相关研究偏宏观定量测度,深度案例研究较少。从旅游场地特征、惯常非足迹环境和流动性三个因素入手,对2009—2019年共84起赴泰游客安全事故进行时空场景特征解析,为旅游安全事故防控提供了来自地理学的补充解释。研究发现：第一,旅游安全事故的类型与危害程度受到目的地客观地理环境特征的高度影响,而并非是单纯的管理问题。泰国夏季多暴雨的气候特征与多山地的地形特征显著影响了涉水旅游活动以及水陆交通活动,导致船艇交通事故、山区车祸与沙滩溺亡事故高发。第二,旅游目的地中存在的惯常非足迹环境场所容易触发安全事故,如：公路、沙滩泳场、酒店、便利店等。由于中泰社会与文化差异较大,惯常非足迹环境容易导致游客产生风险认知偏差,进而提高了行为决策的出错率,从而增加了安全风险。第三,空间流动性越高的场所,安全事故发生的概率越高,如交通道路和海域航线等地。本文的贡献在于揭示了地理环境复杂性对旅游安全管理与主体风险认知偏差的影响。  相似文献   

不均衡的跨国人口流动：对美墨移民历程与政策的思考     

黄依慧  陈宏胜  李志刚 《世界地理研究》2022,31(6):1204-1214

美国是全球最大的移民接收国,墨西哥是美国最大的移民来源国,特殊的地缘关系和巨大的发展差距使众多墨西哥人移民美国。墨裔移民为美国提供了充足的劳动力,在美墨边境地区,移民集聚带动了两国边境地区的发展。但族裔矛盾始终是美国主要社会问题之一,特别是“9·11”事件后,少数族裔和非法移民问题加剧美国社会分裂和对立,成为美国国内政治博弈的焦点。基于区域地缘关系的视角来看,美国与墨西哥之间长期不对等的国际关系决定了跨国移民的流入状态和生存境遇,也是美国族群矛盾的主要原因之一。移民问题政治化将持续强化墨裔移民政策的不确定性,使移民个人与家庭面临更大的融入困难。  相似文献   

Groundwater dating with 3H and SF6 in relation to mixing patterns,transport modelling and hydrochemistry     

A. Zuber  S. Witczak  K. Ra&#x;ski  I. liwka  M. Opoka  P. Mochalski  T. Kuc  J. Karlikowska  J. Kania  M. Jackowicz‐Korczy&#x;ski  M. Duli&#x;ski 《水文研究》2005,19(11):2247-2275

A comprehensive study of a sandy aquifer of deltaic origin in southern Poland included water chemistry, isotopes, dissolved trace gases and transport modelling. Tritium, sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) and freons (F‐11, F‐12 and F‐113) showed the presence of modern waters in the recharge areas and shallow confined parts of the aquifer. The presence of older Holocene waters farther from the recharge areas was indicated by lack of ³H, SF₆ contents ≤0·02 fmol l⁻¹ and relatively low ¹⁴C values. The discharge from the system is by upward seepage in the valley of a major river. Pre‐Holocene waters of a cooler climate, identified on the basis of δ¹⁸O, δ²H, ¹⁴C, Ne and Ar data, were found in some distant wells. Concentrations of N₂, Ne and Ar determined by gas chromatography were used for calculating the noble gas temperatures, air excess needed for correction of SF₆, and nitrogen content released by denitrification process. The time series of ³H content available for some wells supplied quantitative information on age distributions and the total mean ages of flow through the unsaturated and saturated zones. The derived ³H age distributions turned out to be very wide, with mean values in the range of about 30 to 160 years. For each well with determined ³H age, the SF₆ data showed either a lower age range or the possibility of a lower age as expected due to shorter travel times of SF₆ through the unsaturated zone, which most probably also resulted in different types of age distributions of these tracers. Freons appeared to be of little use for individual age determinations. A quantitative estimation of two‐component mixing from SF₆ ³H relations is not possible unless the travel time of ³H through the unsaturated zone is comparable to that of SF₆. The ratio of integrals of the response function over the age range with tracer and the whole response function yields the ratio of water with tracer to total flow of water. That ratio is a tracer‐dependent function of time. Transport modelling of SF₆ tracer done with MT3D code yielded initially large discrepancies between calculated and measured tracer concentrations. Some discrepancies remained even after calibration of the transport model with SF₆. Simulation of tritium contents with a calibrated transport model yielded reasonable agreement with measured contents in some wells and indicated a need for further investigations, particularly in the eastern part of the aquifer. The existence of distinct hydrochemical zones is consistent with the tracer data; young waters with measurable ³H and SF₆ contents are aerobic and of HCO₃ Ca or HCO₃ SO₄ Ca types. Slightly elevated Na and Cl contents, as well as the highest concentrations of SO₄ and NO₃ within this zone are due to anthropogenic influences. Anaerobic conditions prevail in the far field, under the confining cover, where pre‐bomb era Holocene waters dominate. In that zone, dissolved oxygen, NO₃ and U contents are reduced, and Fe, Mn and NH₄ contents increase. In the third zone, early Holocene and glacial waters occur. They are of HCO₃ Ca Na or HCO₃ Na types, with TDS values higher than 1 g l⁻¹ and Na content higher than 200 mg l⁻¹, due to either small admixtures of ascending or diffusing older water or freshening of marine sediments, a process that is probably occurring till the present time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

TRACKING THE BABY BOOM,THE BABY BUST,AND THE ECHO GENERATIONS: HOW AGE COMPOSITION REGULATES US MIGRATION*     

David A. Plane  Peter A. Rogerson 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(4):416-430

US regional and state migration data from the 1940s–80s, when members of the baby boom generation aged into their years of peak labor force mobility, suggest ways in which changing age composition regulates geographical mobility and interregional migration. Labor supply pressure plays a key role in the dynamics of the national migration system. A “delayed mobility” effect in the 1980s similar to the delayed fertility of the baby boom cohorts appears to be a result of the depressed rates of mobility experienced by members of this generation when they flooded regional labor markets with record numbers of entrants in the 1970s. Recent temporal shifts in age-specific volumes of interregional migration help predict the future pace of migration based upon the projected age distribution of the nation.  相似文献