海洋光学遥感器的辐射定标与数据真实性检验综述   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈清莲  唐军武 《海洋技术学报》1998,17(3):13-26

遥感数据定量化应用遥感技术深入发展亟须解决的重要课题,对遥感器进行辐射定标,对遥感数据进行真实性检验的工作已在深入开展,本文介绍了国际关于定标／真实性检验的组织及分工概况,简要阐述了定标／真实性检验的概念与做法,着重讨论了与海洋光学遥感器有关的辐射定标／真实性检验,综述了国外在这方面的若干做法,并在我们工作的基础上提出了开展此项工作的几个关键问题及中能解决的途径。  相似文献   

Implementation of DSC model and application for analysis of field pile tests under cyclic loading     

Changming Shao  Chandra S. Desai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(6):601-624

The disturbed state concept (DSC) model, and a new and simplified procedure for unloading and reloading behavior are implemented in a nonlinear finite element procedure for dynamic analysis for coupled response of saturated porous materials. The DSC model is used to characterize the cyclic behavior of saturated clays and clay–steel interfaces. In the DSC, the relative intact (RI) behavior is characterized by using the hierarchical single surface (HISS) plasticity model; and the fully adjusted (FA) behavior is modeled by using the critical state concept. The DSC model is validated with respect to laboratory triaxial tests for clay and shear tests for clay‐steel interfaces. The computer procedure is used to predict field behavior of an instrumented pile subjected to cyclic loading. The predictions provide very good correlation with the field data. They also yield improved results compared to those from a HISS model with anisotropic hardening, partly because the DSC model allows for degradation or softening and interface response. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Developing,choosing and using landscape evolution models to inform field‐based landscape reconstruction studies          下载免费PDF全文

A.J.A.M. Temme  J. Armitage  M. Attal  Wouter van Gorp  T.J. Coulthard  J.M. Schoorl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):2167-2183

Landscape evolution models (LEMs) are an increasingly popular resource for geomorphologists as they can operate as virtual laboratories where the implications of hypotheses about processes over human to geological timescales can be visualized at spatial scales from catchments to mountain ranges. Hypothetical studies for idealized landscapes have dominated, although model testing in real landscapes has also been undertaken. So far however, numerical landscape evolution models have rarely been used to aid field‐based reconstructions of the geomorphic evolution of actual landscapes. To help make this use more common, we review numerical landscape evolution models from the point of view of model use in field reconstruction studies. We first give a broad overview of the main assumptions and choices made in many LEMs to help prospective users select models appropriate to their field situation. We then summarize for various timescales which data are typically available and which models are appropriate. Finally, we provide guidance on how to set up a model study as a function of available data and the type of research question. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental study of deformable connection consisting of buckling‐restrained brace and rubber bearings to connect floor system to lateral force resisting system          下载免费PDF全文

Georgios Tsampras  Richard Sause  Robert B. Fleischman  Jose I. Restrepo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(8):1287-1305

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of a full‐scale deformable connection used to connect the floor system of the flexible gravity load resisting system to the stiff lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of an earthquake‐resistant building. The purpose of the deformable connection is to limit the earthquake‐induced horizontal inertia force transferred from the floor system to the LFRS and, thereby, to reduce the horizontal floor accelerations and the forces in the LFRS. The deformable connection that was studied consists of a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) and steel‐reinforced laminated low‐damping rubber bearings (RB). The test results show that the force–deformation responses of the connection are stable, and the dynamic force responses are larger than the quasi‐static force responses. The BRB+RB force–deformation response depends mainly on the BRB response. A detailed discussion of the BRB experimental force–deformation response is presented. The experimental results show that the maximum plastic deformation range controls the isotropic hardening of the BRB. The hardened BRB force–deformation responses are used to calculate the overstrength adjustment factors. Details and limitations of a validated, accurate model for the connection force–deformation response are presented. Numerical simulation results for a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with deformable connections show the effects of including the RB in the deformable connection and the effect of modeling the BRB isotropic hardening on the building seismic response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

填充墙刚度影响的实测高层建筑增量动力分析          下载免费PDF全文

周云  裴熠麟  周祎  方亮  易伟建 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):883-890

高层结构中的填充墙在地震作用下与周围结构构件之间的相互作用十分复杂,对建筑结构的整体抗震性能具有较大影响。然而我国规范在设计阶段通常不考虑填充墙对结构抗震性能的影响,统一采用周期折减系数来考虑其刚度变化引起的内力变化,因此准确评估填充墙对结构抗震性能的影响具有重要意义。本文在对一栋框-剪结构和一栋剪力墙高层建筑进行随机振动测试的基础上,利用Perform-3D对每栋高层分别建立了3种分析模型。其中对未考虑填充墙作用的结构模型,分别采取规范建议值和实测结果值两种方式进行周期折减。对通过添加斜撑单元来考虑填充墙作用的结构模型,利用环境激励测试识别获得的结构模态信息进行模型修正。对该3种模型进行了增量动力分析,探讨潜在危险性水平地震作用下填充墙对高层建筑抗震性能的影响。结果表明,填充墙增加了结构在弹性阶段的整体初始刚度,但随着地震动强度的增加逐渐丧失对结构刚度的贡献作用。相比考虑了填充墙作用的模型计算结果,规范建议的周期折减系数较为保守。同时研究发现,填充墙对高层框-剪结构的影响程度要比剪力墙结构大。  相似文献   

Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform simulations for tall building risk assessments considering spectral shape and duration of the ground motion          下载免费PDF全文

Nenad Bijelić  Ting Lin  Greg G. Deierlein 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2233-2251

Earthquake simulation technologies are advancing to the stage of enabling realistic simulations of past earthquakes as well as characterizations of more extreme events, thus holding promise of yielding novel insights and data for earthquake engineering. With the goal of developing confidence in the engineering applications of simulated ground motions, this paper focuses on validation of simulations for response history analysis through comparative assessments of building performance obtained using sets of recorded and simulated motions. Simulated ground motions of past earthquakes, obtained through a larger validation study of the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform, are used for the case study. Two tall buildings, a 20‐story concrete frame and a 42‐story concrete core wall building, are analyzed under comparable sets of simulated and recorded motions at increasing levels of ground motion intensity, up to structural collapse, to check for statistically significant differences between the responses to simulated and recorded motions. Spectral shape and significant duration are explicitly considered when selecting ground motions. Considered demands include story drift ratios, floor accelerations, and collapse response. These comparisons not only yield similar results in most cases but also reveal instances where certain simulated ground motions can result in biased responses. The source of bias is traced to differences in correlations of spectral values in some of the stochastic ground motion simulations. When the differences in correlations are removed, simulated and recorded motions yield comparable results. This study highlights the utility of physics‐based simulations, and particularly the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform as a useful tool for engineering applications.  相似文献   

遥感数据产品真实性检验不确定性分析研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吴小丹  肖青  闻建光  刘强  彭菁菁  李小文 《遥感学报》2014,18(5):1011-1023

不确定性分析是遥感产品真实性检验最重要的部分,本文以叶面积指数LAI为例,从测量、模型以及蕴含在测量和模型中的尺度效应3个方面分析产品真实性检验过程的不确定性来源,并针对问题提出减小其不确定性的办法。对于相对均一的地表,地面测量的空间代表性比较好,可不考虑地表空间代表性引起的尺度效应和蕴含在模型中的尺度效应引起的不确定性。针对异质性地表,分为两种情况:若模型是线性的,蕴含在模型中的尺度效应可以忽略,只需要考虑测量的不确定性、模型本身的不确定性、以及地面测量的空间代表性引起的尺度效应;若模型是非线性的,则测量、模型和蕴含在测量和模型中的尺度效应引起的不确定性都需要考虑。  相似文献   

An examination of the validation of a model of the hydro/thermo/mechanical behaviour of engineered clay barriers     

H. R. Thomas  Y. He  C. Onofrei 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1998,22(1):49-71

This paper focuses attention on the development of a numerical model of the hydro/thermo/mechanical behaviour of unsaturated clay and its consequent verification and validation. The work presented describes on-going collaboration between the Cardiff School of Engineering and Atomic Energy of Canada. The model development, which was carried out at Cardiff, can be described as being based on a mechanistic approach to coupled heat, moisture and air flow. This is then linked to a deformation analysis of the material within a ‘consolidation’ type of model. The whole is solved via the finite element method to yield a computer software code named COMPASS (COde for Modelling PArtly Saturated Soil). Some aspects of verification and validation of the model have been addressed in-house. However, the purpose of current AECL work is to provide an independent, rigorous, structured programme of validation and the paper will also explore the further validation of COMPASS within this context. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Calibration and validation of a general infiltration model     

Surendra Kumar Mishra  Shashi Ranjan Kumar  Vijay P. Singh 《水文研究》1999,13(11):1691-1718

A general infiltration model proposed by Singh and Yu (1990) was calibrated and validated using a split sampling approach for 191 sets of infiltration data observed in the states of Minnesota and Georgia in the USA. Of the five model parameters, f_c (the final infiltration rate), S_o (the available storage space) and exponent ‘n’ were found to be more predictable than the other two parameters: m (exponent) and a (proportionality factor). A critical examination of the general model revealed that it is related to the Soil Conservation Service (1956) curve number (SCS‐CN) method and its parameter S_o is equivalent to the potential maximum retention of the SCS‐CN method and is, in turn, found to be a function of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity. The general model was found to describe infiltration rate with time varying curve number. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于NDVI先验知识的LAI地面采样方法     

曾也鲁  李静  柳钦火  柏军华 《遥感学报》2013,17(1):107-121

针对非均质中低分辨率像元的叶面积指数LAI验证中如何布设基本采样单元ESU的问题,提出基于NDVI先验知识的ESU布设方法,并采用不同植被类型、不同均匀程度的地表作为模拟场,分析对比了方法的精度及稳定性。结果显示,本文方法用NDVI先验知识描述植被的生长空间分布信息,能相对准确地划分植被的不同生长水平,有效降低层内方差。在草地和森林地区的试验中,精度与稳定性均优于传统的随机采样、均匀采样和基于分类图的3种采样方法。因此,本文提出的采样方法为大尺度非均质区域LAI地面验证的采样方案提供了新的设计思路。  相似文献