基于GRACE卫星测量得到的中国及其周边地区陆地水量变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶叔华  苏晓莉  平劲松  黄倩 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(5):1580-1586

GRACE卫星成功开辟了空间大地测量对地观测的新途径。利用GRACE卫星得到的时变地球重力资料,分析估计了中国及其周边地区陆地水量的变化趋势,较为清晰地揭示了该地区季节性变化特征。进一步采用13点滑动平均的方法扣除了季节性变化,提取了4个特征区域(喜马拉雅南部,新疆与西藏及其周边的亚洲高山区域,中国华北、东北地区和中国南部地区)的陆地水量变化特征信息,这4个区域陆地水量的变化趋势分别为-12.7±0.7、-60.4±2.7、-12.5±0.5和6.6±0.9 km³/a。其中：喜马拉雅南部和亚洲高山区域陆地水量呈现明显的衰减趋势,与Matsuo和Heki模拟冰川质量损失源得到的结果较为一致;但近10年来亚洲高山区域西北部冰川加速融化趋势并不明显。中国华北、东北地区和南部地区水量变化比较复杂,具不稳定的变化趋势。  相似文献   

Decadal variations in gravity caused by a tilt of the inner core     

Mathieu Dumberry 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(3):921-933

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Temporal and environmental significance of microbial lamination: Insights from Recent fluvial stromatolites in the River Piedra,Spain          下载免费PDF全文

Concha Arenas  Brian Jones 《Sedimentology》2017,64(6):1597-1629

Despite extensive research, the environmental and temporal significance of microbial lamination is still ambiguous because of the complexity of the parameters that control its development. A 13 year monitored record of modern fast‐accreting calcite stromatolites (mean 14 mm year^?1) from artificial substrates installed in rapid flow in the River Piedra (north‐east Spain) allows comparison of the sedimentological attributes of successive six‐month depositional packages with the known climatic, hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters of the depositional system. The stromatolites are formed of dense, porous and macrocrystalline composite laminae. The dense and porous composite laminae, which are composed of two to eight laminae consisting largely of calcified cyanobacteria, are characterized by: (i) dense composite laminae, up to 15 mm thick, mostly with successive dense laminae and minor alternating dense and porous laminae; and (ii) porous composite laminae, up to 12 mm thick, consisting mainly of porous laminae alternating with thinner dense laminae. Most of the dense composite laminae formed during the warm periods (April to September), whereas most of the porous composite laminae developed in the cool periods (October to March). Each dense and porous composite lamina represents up to or slightly longer than six months. The alternation of these two types of composite laminae parallels seasonal changes in temperature. The dense and porous laminae result from shorter (for example, intraseasonal) variations in temperature, insolation and hydrological conditions. The macrocrystalline laminae, with crystals >100 μm long, occur isolated and grouped into composite laminae up to 1·7 mm thick. Their occurrence suggests the absence or poor development of microbial mats over periods of weeks to several months. Thus, stromatolite lamination can record different‐order, periodic and non‐periodic changes in the magnitude of environmental parameters over a single year. These results hold important implications for the temporal and environmental interpretation of lamination in microbial structures.  相似文献   

Earthquake response of arch dams to spatially varying ground motion     

Anil K. Chopra  Jin‐Ting Wang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(8):887-906

The response of two arch dams to spatially varying ground motions recorded during earthquakes is computed by a recently developed linear analysis procedure, which includes dam–water–foundation rock interaction effects and recognizes the semi‐unbounded extent of the rock and impounded water domains. By comparing the computed and recorded responses, several issues that arise in analysis of arch dams are investigated. It is also demonstrated that spatial variations in ground motion, typically ignored in engineering practice, can have profound influence on the earthquake‐induced stresses in the dam. This influence obviously depends on the degree to which ground motion varies spatially along the dam–rock interface. Thus, for the same dam, this influence could differ from one earthquake to the next, depending on the epicenter location and the focal depth of the earthquake relative to the dam site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

东南印度洋各锋位置和走向的季节变化及其与风场变化的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贺志刚  董兆乾  蒲书箴 《海洋学报》2007,29(2):18-24

利用剖面浮标的温盐观测资料和上层温度观测资料以及ECCO风应力数据研究了东南印度洋各主要海洋锋的位置、走向和风场的季节变化,并初步分析了亚热带锋(STF)和亚南极锋(SAF)的成锋机制.季节平均的夏季和冬季厄加勒斯锋(AF)分别可以延伸到80°E和82°E,AF在多数情况下可能与SAF和南亚热带锋(SSTF)汇合共同通过Kerguelen-Amsterdam Passage.在克尔盖伦海台以东海盆区,冬季SAF和PF的路径均比夏季偏南,在其他海域二者路径的季节差别不大.克尔盖伦海台以东的深海盆由北向南正负风应力旋度高值中心交替出现,且位置季节变化很小.85°~105°E之间零风应力旋度线位置冬季比夏季偏北.STF位于辐聚区,埃克曼抽吸导致的表层水辐聚可能是STF产生和维持的原因.SAF位置的季节南北摆动幅度小于风应力零旋度线的季节摆动幅度,夏季SAF位置略偏于风应力正旋度区,而冬季大多位于负旋度区,因此风应力旋度不是SAF形成的直接原因.  相似文献   

2000-2012年陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散时空分布及影响因素     

王鹏涛  延军平  蒋冲  曹永旺 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):499-507

分析陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散变化特征及其影响因素,可以为区域水资源规划、生态环境改善提供依据。本文利用MOD16蒸散数据,统计分析了陕甘宁黄土高原区2000-2012年地表实际蒸散量的时空变化特征,并结合国家气象站点观测数据和基于像元的相关分析法探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:(1) 2000-2002年蒸散量迅速上升,在2003年达到最高值378.6 mm, 2003-2006年蒸散量呈下降趋势,2006年之后蒸散量呈现缓慢上升趋势。(2) 近13年来,陕甘宁黄土高原区多年平均蒸散量具有明显的空间差异,蒸散量自西北至东南递增,最南部的六盘山、子午岭、黄龙山地是3个主要的高值区;年蒸散量以夏季最多,其次是春季,秋季和冬季最少,且季节蒸散的分布与年蒸散的空间分布格局基本一致。(3) 陕甘宁黄土高原区蒸散量草地和耕地的贡献率最高,密灌丛、疏灌丛次之,常绿针叶林、森林草原贡献率则较小。(4) 陕甘宁黄土高原区动力因素对地表蒸散量影响以正相关为主,风速对该区影响较大;热力因素对地表蒸散量影响以负相关为主,其中气温与蒸散在空间上呈负相关的区域较大,日照时数与蒸散在空间上的负相关区域的面积次之;水分条件(降水量、相对湿度)对蒸散的影响也以正相关为主。  相似文献   

A grain-size record from Beijing region in Northern China: Late Quaternary paleoclimate oscillation in response to global change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guifang Yang  Zhiliang Ge  Qing Dai  Jie Cheng  Gongming Yin  Lihong Zan  Jingwei Liu 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):164-170

Numerous samples taken from one core at the Beijing plain were utilized to characterize the paleoclimatic configuration of the study area and its possible relation to global control since the last interglaciation. We presented here a detailed grain-size record for the full length of Late Pleistocene, along with the optical simulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Our findings revealed that Late Pleistocene of the study area started approximately at 110 ka B.P. represented by the thick sediments of 31 m in Changping depression. Four sedimentary cycles were outlined in the core during Late Pleistocene, corresponding to marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 to 2. Controlled by regional geology and global climatic setting, eight paleoclimatic periods were identified simultaneously in the study area on the time scale of 10⁴ year, with the warm and moist climate being found at 110 — 96, 92 — 76, 67 — 56, and 28 — 18 ka B.P.. The climatic instabilities on a millennial scale in Late Pleistocene were characterized largely by the occurrence of 6 strong Heinrich events shown by comparatively coarse groups. These variations correlate well with those documented in the GRIP Greenland and in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, though more complex features may exist on the long time scale.  相似文献   

Diurnal Variations in the Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity in the Great Lakes Region of the United States     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):349-366

Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observations for the warm seasons (May-September) of 1989 and 1990 were analyzed for the Great Lakes region in order to assess the diurnal variations in the lightning characteristics. Several parameters, including flash rate, the spatial extent of lightning activity, first stroke peak current, and the percentage of positive flashes, varied markedly over the course of the day. In contrast, other parameters, such as the frequency of lightning periods and the multiplicity of both negative and positive CG flashes, displayed little diurnal variation. A large degree of intraseasonal (i.e., month-to-month) variation was observed in the diurnal patterns for several of the lightning parameters.  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江河谷盛夏降水年际变化及其与环流的联系          下载免费PDF全文

边巴卓嘎  赤曲  周顺武  吴萍  孙阳 《大气科学学报》2022,45(3):469-479

基于近57 a （1961—2017年）西藏雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区（简称雅江河谷）4个站（拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜）盛夏（7—8月）月平均降水和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成、相关分析等统计诊断方法,分析了雅江河谷盛夏降水的年际变化特征及其与大气环流的联系。结果表明：1）近57 a雅江河谷盛夏降水无显著线性趋势,降水主要以3～4 a显著周期的年际振荡为主。2）雅江河谷盛夏降水年际波动与区域内水汽收支的变化直接相关,其中印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋引起的水汽输送通量和水汽在高原腹地辐合上升的动力过程是盛夏降水年际变化的主要原因。3）对流层中低层印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋环流是该地区盛夏降水年际异常的重要水汽输送通道,该通道将西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾等地水汽不断输送到高原,期间西太副高和伊朗高压等大尺度系统异常对水汽输送过程起到了重要作用,同时高原盛夏季风低压和南亚高压异常给水汽在高原腹地辐合抬升提供了动力条件。  相似文献   

Seasonal Variations of CH_4 Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China Are Driven by Agricultural Activities     

Wenjing HUANG  Timothy J. GRIFFIS  Cheng HU  Wei XIAO  Xuhui LEE 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1537-1551

Developed regions of the world represent a major atmospheric methane(CH_4) source, but these regional emissions remain poorly constrained. The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region of China is densely populated(about 16% of China's total population) and consists of large anthropogenic and natural CH_4 sources. Here, atmospheric CH_4 concentrations measured at a 70-m tall tower in the YRD are combined with a scale factor Bayesian inverse(SFBI) modeling approach to constrain seasonal variations in CH_4 emissions. Results indicate that in 2018 agricultural soils(AGS, rice production) were the main driver of seasonal variability in atmospheric CH_4 concentration. There was an underestimation of emissions from AGS in the a priori inventories(EDGAR—Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 or v50), especially during the growing seasons. Posteriori CH_4 emissions from AGS accounted for 39%(4.58 Tg, EDGAR v432) to 47%(5.21 Tg, EDGAR v50) of the total CH_4 emissions. The posteriori natural emissions(including wetlands and water bodies) were1.21 Tg and 1.06 Tg, accounting for 10.1%(EDGAR v432) and 9.5%(EDGAR v50) of total emissions in the YRD in2018. Results show that the dominant factor for seasonal variations in atmospheric concentration in the YRD was AGS,followed by natural sources. In summer, AGS contributed 42%(EDGAR v432) to 64%(EDGAR v50) of the CH_4 concentration enhancement while natural sources only contributed about 10%(EDGAR v50) to 15%(EDGAR v432). In addition, the newer version of the EDGAR product(EDGAR v50) provided more reasonable seasonal distribution of CH_4 emissions from rice cultivation than the old version(EDGAR v432).  相似文献