2016年夏末南疆地区中尺度对流系统(MCS)活动特征     

刘雯  李建刚  杨莲梅 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(4):9-16

2016年夏末南疆地区短时强降水天气频发,中尺度对流系统活动频繁。利用强降水频发时段2016年8月8日至9月16日逐时FY-2G红外亮温（TBB）资料对南疆地区中尺度对流系统（MCS）进行分析,共获得92个生命史≥3小时的中-β尺度对流系统（MβCS）,包括β中尺度对流复合体（MβCCS）和β中尺度持续拉长状对流系统（MβECS）。根据南疆地区的极端干旱气候背景,本文中-β尺度对流系统的尺度判定标准为云顶亮温（TBB）≤-32℃的连续冷云区直径≥20 km。对MCS的分布和活动特征进行了分析,结果表明：圆状MCS和带状MCS发生的频次相当。天山南坡和昆仑山北坡是MCS活跃区,MCS移动方向主要以偏东或东北方向为主,南疆地区活动最频繁的MCS生命史为3～4个小时。南疆地区MCS具有明显不同的日变化特征,午后和傍晚是MCS最活跃的时段。与MβCCS相比,MβECS具有更明显的夜发性特征。昆仑山北坡MCS的最活跃时段早于天山南坡MCS,而天山南坡MCS夜间和凌晨形成的特征更为显著。生命史为3～5小时的短生命史MCS主要在午后和傍晚形成发展,并在形成后2小时达到成熟,生命史超过6小时的长生命史MCS多发于午后和凌晨,并且其发展阶段更长。本文给出了1个引发短时强降水的MβCCS和1个MβECS的云团演变特征。  相似文献   

南极长城湾叶绿素a的季节变化          下载免费PDF全文

吴宝铃  朱明远  黄凤鹏 《极地研究》1992,4(4):14-17

198 8年 3月 - 1 989年 2月在长城湾及其邻近水域调查了叶绿素 a的季节变化。叶绿素 a含量变化范围是 0 .1 6 mg/m3 - 1 .3 3 mg/m3 。叶绿素 a在 1 988年 1 2月 - 1 989年 2月之间的垂直分布基本上是均匀的 ,最低值在表层。叶绿素 a的含量与光、温度等环境因子的关系也在本文中作了讨论  相似文献   

青藏公路风火山地区的热融滑塌   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

王绍令 《冰川冻土》1990,12(1):63-70

  相似文献   

Magnetometer array studies in India: Present status,data interpretation and assessment of numerical modelling results     

B. R. Arora 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):693-716

Significant results from several array of magnetometers deployed in India to probe deep geoelectrical structures of the crust and the upper mantle are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is on critical appraisal of earlier results so that the article summarizes what has been done so far and what caution is to be taken on future work. Two large-scale arrays over northwest and peninsular India during 1979–80, have been followed up with six more linear or two-dimensional arrays over different parts of the country. “Trans-Himalayan” conductor aligned along the strike of Aravalli range, delineated by arrays over northwest India, essentially represents one of the major continental induction anomalies mapped by electromagnetic methods. Efforts for quantifying the induction effects through numerical models are shown to be constrained due to the large inter-station spacing, lack of information on the regional background conductivity distribution and the non-inclusion of the frequency dependence of induction effects. A more comprehensive modelling, not biased by these factors, enables approximating the Trans-Himalayan conductor as an asymmetric domal upwarp in the middle and lower crust located between Delhi-Hardwar ridge and Moradabad fault. Numerical modelling results for southern peninsular, despite the constraints, indicate that the strong and complex induction pattern can be adequately attributed to the combination of conductors connected with triple junction between Indo-Ceylon Graben, Comorin ridge and the west coast rifting. Induction features derived from the Valsad array, operated over basalt-covered region of western India, demarcate an enhanced conducting zone beneath Plume-associated triple junction in the Gulf of Cambay, apart from characterizing the presently active seismic zone as a resistive block.  相似文献   

Lateral variations of the local magnitude at Ebre station,Northeastern Iberian Peninsula     

Josep Vila  Josep Batllo  Antoni M. Correig 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,147(1):131-146

Since 1984, a seismic surveillance at the Baix Ebre Region (NE of the Iberian Peninsula) has been carried out from a seismic network consisting of two digital and one analog stations. Large discrepancies between the recorded amplitudes and the magnitude estimates given by different agencies have been observed. To explain these discrepancies, that consist of a large reduction of amplitude and a strong dependence of the azimuth, a local magnitude formula for the area has been computed, using the analog records obtained at EBR short-period station. Global results show an average station correction factor between the computed local magnitude and the reported magnitude of the order of 1, presenting large variations around the mean value with a clear dependence on the azimuth. A detailed analysis of this variation around the mean value reveals that earthquakes can be classified according to their location in different geological units, thus obtaining for each zone a distinct station correction factor that can fluctuate as much as 0.6 around the average. These large lateral variations of the magnitude are in good agreement with previous studies of coda-Q attenuation.  相似文献   

Analysis of laterally loaded rigid monopiles and poles in multilayered linearly varying soil     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

A new method for calculation of head displacement and rotation of laterally loaded rigid monopiles and poles in multilayered heterogeneous elastic soil is presented. The analysis considers the soil as a layered elastic continuum in which the modulus vary linearly with depth within each layer. Rational pile and soil displacement fields are assumed, and the interaction between the pile and soil is taken into account by using the principle of virtual work. Two sets of equilibrium equations, one describing the pile displacement and rotation and the other describing the displacements in the soil, are obtained and solved analytically and numerically following an iterative algorithm. The new method produces pile responses as accurate as those obtained from three-dimensional finite element analysis but does not require any elaborate input for geometry and mesh.  相似文献   

Ingestion rates and grazing impact of the brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae in Lake St Lucia,iSimangaliso Wetland Park,South Africa     

HA Nel  R Perissinotto  NK Carrasco 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):241-248

Bivalves feed on a combination of phytoplankton and zooplankton and have the potential to impact considerably the planktonic biomass, especially when they occur in high densities, such as in oyster and mussel beds. The brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae is numerically dominant during wet phases within Africa’s largest estuarine lake, St Lucia, in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the east coast of South Africa. The ingestion rates and potential grazing impact of this small mussel (maximum shell length = 2.5 cm) were estimated for both the wet and dry seasons using an in situ gut fluorescence technique. Ingestion rates were higher during the wet season (5.78 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1) than during the dry season (4.44 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1). This might be explained by the increased water temperature and food availability during the wet season. Because of the patchy distribution of mussel populations, there could be higher localised grazing impact near mussel aggregations. Results showed a potential grazing impact of up to 20 times the available phytoplankton biomass at specific sites. These high grazing impacts have the potential to deplete phytoplankton stocks in the lake, especially during wet phases in the northern reaches, where mussel densities are highest. This needs to be factored into ecological models of Lake St Lucia, because the system might function differently during increased flood events.  相似文献   

查格勒布鲁剖面CGS3a层段主元素记录的巴丹吉林沙漠35 000~25 000 a B. P.季风环境变化     

郭亿华  李保生  牛东风  杨艺  温小浩  司月君 《地理科学》2016,36(6):926-934

对巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘查格勒布鲁剖面该层段的CGS3a层段（Chagelebulu Section 3a）139个样品的主元素——SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TOFE（Fe₂O₃+FeO）进行分析,划分出与地层旋回对应的5.5个化学元素旋回。研究认为：沙丘砂和黄土中SiO₂呈现的峰和Al₂O₃、TOFE、(TOFE+Al₂O₃)/SiO₂和CIA呈现的谷是类似于现代干冷的冬季风在过去多次作用的结果,而嗣后的湖相SiO₂呈现的谷和Al₂O₃、TOFE、(TOFE+Al₂O₃)/SiO₂和CIA的呈现的峰是类似于现代暖湿的夏季风在过去多次作用的结果。即35 000~25 000 a B. P.该沙漠经历了5次冬季风和6次夏季风交替的气候波动,这些气候事件与GRIP冰芯氧同位素记录的D/O（Dansgaard/Oeschger）事件相对应,Heinrich事件也在其中有很好体现。CGS3a层段所记录的千年尺度的气候波动可能是受到了北大西洋气候突变的影响。  相似文献   

SCHMIDT‐HAMMER EXPOSURE AGES FROM PERIGLACIAL PATTERNED GROUND (SORTED CIRCLES) IN JOTUNHEIMEN,NORWAY, AND THEIR INTERPRETATIVE PROBLEMS          下载免费PDF全文

STEFAN WINKLER  JOHN A. MATTHEWS  RICHARD W. MOURNE  PETER WILSON 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(3):265-285

Periglacial patterned ground (sorted circles and polygons) along an altitudinal profile at Juvflya in central Jotunheimen, southern Norway, is investigated using Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD). The patterned ground surfaces exhibit R‐value distributions with platycurtic modes, broad plateaus, narrow tails, and a negative skew. Sample sites located between 1500 and 1925 m a.s.l. indicate a distinct altitudinal gradient of increasing mean R‐values towards higher altitudes interpreted as a chronological function. An established regional SHD calibration curve for Jotunheimen yielded mean boulder exposure ages in the range 6910 ± 510 to 8240 ± 495 years ago. These SHD ages are indicative of the timing of patterned ground formation, representing minimum ages for active boulder upfreezing and maximum ages for the stabilization of boulders in the encircling gutters. Despite uncertainties associated with the calibration curve and the age distribution of the boulders, the early‐Holocene age of the patterned ground surfaces, the apparent cessation of major activity during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) and continuing lack of late‐Holocene activity clarify existing understanding of the process dynamics and palaeoclimatic significance of large‐scale sorted patterned ground as an indicator of a permafrost environment. The interpretation of SHD ages from patterned ground surfaces remains challenging, however, owing to their diachronous nature, the potential for a complex history of formation, and the influence of local, non‐climatic factors.  相似文献   

The impact of weather variations on maize yields and household income: Income diversification as adaptation in rural China     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Climate change is threatening global food production and could potentially exacerbate food insecurity in many parts of the world. China is the second largest maize producer. Variations in maize yields in China are likely to have major implications for food security in the world. Based on longitudinal data of 4861 households collected annually between 2004 and 2010, we assess the impact of weather variations on maize yields in the two main producing regions in China, the Northern spring maize zone and the Yellow-Huai Valley summer maize zone. We also explore the role of adaptation, by estimating the response of Chinese farmers in both regions, in particular in terms of income diversification. With the use of household and time fixed effects, our estimates relate within-household variations in household outcomes (maize yields, net income, land and input use) to within-location variations in weather conditions. Temperature, drought, wet conditions, and precipitations have detrimental effects on maize yields in the two maize zones. The impact is stronger in the Northern spring maize zone where one standard deviation in temperature and drought conditions decreases maize yields by 1.4% and 2.5%, respectively. Nonetheless, such impact does not seem to translate into a significant fall in total net income. Adaptation seems to be key in explaining such a contrast in the Northern spring maize zone where the largest impact is estimated. On the contrary, we find a lower impact in the other region, the Yellow-Huai Valley summer maize zone but such impact is likely to intensify. The lack of adaptation observed in that region results into detrimental impacts on net farm and total income. Enhancing adaptative behaviors among Chinese farmers even further is likely to be key to future food security in China and in the rest of the world.  相似文献