草原矿区长时序植被覆盖度变化趋势对比分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

李晶  崔绿园  闫萧萧  杨震  董金玮  邓晓娟 《测绘通报》2019,(8):130-134,157

呼伦贝尔草原区生态脆弱，在人类活动和气候等因素影响下草原生态变化备受关注。本文以宝日希勒矿区及周边为研究区，应用1985-2015年Landsat年度最大合成NDVI数据，采用像元二分模型反演植被覆盖度；分别利用一元线性回归法和Sen+Mann-Kendall法对研究区植被覆盖度趋势和空间差异进行了对比分析。结果表明：两种方法得到的植被变化趋势基本一致，Sen+Mann-Kendall方法相较于一元线性回归法对植被覆盖度改善和退化反应更为敏感。研究结果有助于科学评价长时序煤炭开发活动对地表生态的影响并为长时序植被变化监测提供方法参考。  相似文献   

GIMMS NDVI time series reveal the extent,duration, and intensity of “blooming desert” events in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert,Northern Chile     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

The “blooming desert”, or the explosive development and flowering of ephemeral herbaceous and some woody desert species during years with abnormally high accumulated rainfall, is a spectacular biological phenomenon of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) attracting botanists, ecologists, geo-scientists, and the general public from all over the world. However, the number of “blooming deserts”, their geographical distribution and spatio-temporal patterns have not been quantitatively assessed to date. Here, we used NDVI data from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) project to reconstruct the annual land surface phenology (LSP) of the Atacama Desert using a non-parametric statistical approach. From the reconstructed LSP, we detected the “blooming deserts” as positive NDVI anomalies and assessed three dimensions of the events: their temporal extent, intensity of “greening” and spatial extent. We identified 13 “blooming deserts” between 1981 and 2015, of which three (1997–98, 2002–03, and 2011) can be considered major events according to these metrics. The main event occurred in 2011, spanning 180 days between July and December 2011, and spread over 11,136 km² of Atacama dry plains. “Blooming deserts” in Atacama have been triggered by the accumulation of precipitation during a period of 2 to 12 months before and during the events. The proposed three-dimensional approach allowed us to characterize different types of “blooming deserts”: with longer episodes or larger spatial distribution or with different “greening” intensities. Its flexibility to reconstruct different LSP and detect anomalies makes this method a useful tool to study these rare phenomena in other deserts in the world also.  相似文献   

A hydro‐economic modelling framework for flood damage estimation and the role of riparian vegetation     

Nektarios N. Kourgialas  George P. Karatzas 《水文研究》2013,27(4):515-531

A modelling framework for the quick estimate of flood inundation and the resultant damages is developed in this paper. The model, called the flood economic impact analysis system (FEIAS), can be applied to a river reach of any hydrogeological river basin. For the development of the integrated modelling framework, three models were employed: (1) a modelling scheme based on the Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN model that was developed for any geomorphological river basin, (2) a river flow/floodplain model, and (3) a flood loss estimation model. The first sub‐model of the flood economic impact analysis system simulates the hydrological processes for extended periods of time, and its output is used as input to a second component, the river/floodplain model. The hydraulic model MIKE 11 (quasi‐2D) is the river/floodplain model employed in this study. The simulated flood parameters from the hydraulic model MIKE 11 (quasi‐2D) are passed, at the end of each time step, to a third component, the flood loss model for the estimation of flood damage. In the present work, emphasis was given to the seasonal variation of Manning's coefficient (n), which is an important parameter for the determination of the flood inundation in hydraulic modelling. High values of Manning's coefficient for a channel indicate high flow resistance. The riparian vegetation can have a large impact on channel resistance. The modelling framework developed in this paper was used to investigate the role of riparian vegetation in reducing flood damage. Moreover, it was used to investigate the influence of cutting riparian vegetation scenarios on the flow characteristics. The proposed framework was applied to the downstream part of the Koiliaris River basin in Crete, Greece, and was tested and validated with historical data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Climate variability, vegetation productivity and people at risk     

Cristina Milesi  Hirofumi Hashimoto  Steven W. Running  Ramakrishna R. Nemani 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,47(2-4):221

Human domination of ecosystems has been pervasive over the last century, with nearly half of Earth's surface transformed by human actions. It is widely accepted that humans appropriate up to 50% of global net primary production (NPP), the energy base of all the trophic levels on the land surface. Yet, despite the important role of vegetation productivity for defining Earth habitability, the covariation of NPP and human population distribution has not been analyzed in depth. We used recently available satellite-based NPP estimates, along with gridded population at 0.5° resolution, first, to identify the global distribution of human population with reference to average NPP and to the various climatic constraints (temperature, water and cloud cover) that limit NPP, second, to analyze recent trends in global NPP in relation to population trends, and third, to identify populations that are vulnerable to changes in NPP due to interannual variability in climate. Our results indicate that over half of the global human population is presently living in areas with above the average NPP of 490 g C m⁻² year⁻¹. By 1998, nearly 56% of global population lived in regions where water availability strongly influences NPP. Per capita NPP declined over much of Africa between 1982 and 1998, in spite of the estimated increases in NPP over the same period. On average, NPP over 40% of the total vegetated land surface has shown significant correlations with ENSO-induced climate variability affecting over 2.8 billion people.  相似文献   

基于ETM+的植被覆盖信息提取及其动态变化分析——以广州市为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马娅  匡耀求  黄宁生  王天星 《测绘科学》2009,34(4)

以2000年和2005年ETM+影像为数据源,在水体掩膜和端元光谱优选对比基础上,利用线性光谱模型提取了广州市植被覆盖信息,并对植被覆盖信息的时空动态变化进行了定量分析,结果表明:应用线性光谱模型之前对所占面积不大的水体进行处理是非常必要的,选取植被、硬化地面、土壤三端元法比包含阴影的四端元法更有利于线性光谱分离,而且能达到很高的精度;此外,通过对植被覆盖信息空间结构和景观格局的研究,显示:2000-2005虽然广州市绿化取得了初步成效,但总体植被覆盖状况呈下滑趋势,植被景观破碎程度增加,各植被景观形状趋于复杂化,城市化的发展加之人类活动的干扰,低植被覆盖区不断扩大,而中、高植被覆盖区正处于不断退化时期。  相似文献   

Ecogeomorphic state variables and phase‐space construction for quantifying the evolution of vegetated aeolian landscapes     

Andreas C. W. Baas  Joanna M. Nield 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(6):717-731

Cellular automaton modelling for the simulation of dune field formation and evolution has developed progressively in aeolian geomorphology in the last decade or so. A model that incorporates the effects of vegetation and its interactions with geomorphic landscape development – the Discrete Ecogeomorphic Aeolian Landscapes (DECAL) model – can replicate a number of important visual and qualitative aspects of the complex evolution of aeolian dune landscapes under the influence of vegetation dynamics in coastal environments. A key challenge in this research area is the analysis and comparison of both simulated and real‐world vegetated dune landscapes using objective and quantifiable principles. This study presents a methodological framework or protocol for numerically quantifying various ecogeomorphic attributes, using a suite of mathematically defined landscape metrics, to provide a rigorous and statistical evaluation of vegetated dune field evolution. Within this framework the model parameter space can be systematically explored and simulation outcomes can be methodically compared against real‐world landscapes. Based on a simplified scenario of parabolic dunes developing out of blow‐outs the resulting dune field realizations are investigated as a function of variable growth vigour of two simulated vegetation types (pioneer grass and successional woody shrub) by establishing a typological phase‐diagram of different landscape classes. The set of simulation outcomes furthermore defines a higher‐dimensional phase‐space, whose axes or dimensions can be interpreted by analysing how individual ecogeomorphic landscape metrics, or state variables, contribute to the data distribution. Principal component analysis can reduce this to a visual three‐dimensional (3D) phase‐space where landscape evolution can be plotted as time‐trajectories and where we can investigate the effects of changing environmental conditions partway through a simulation scenario. The use of landscape state variables and the construction of a 3D phase‐space presented here may provide a general template for quantifying many other eco‐geomorphic systems on the Earth's surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Predation by jellyfish on large and emergent zooplankton: Implications for benthic–pelagic coupling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kylie A. Pitt  Anne-Laure Clement  Rod M. Connolly  Delphine Thibault-Botha   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):827-833

Stable carbon isotopes were used to determine the contribution of emergent demersal zooplankton to the diet of the scyphozoan jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus at Smiths Lake, New South Wales, Australia. A preliminary study in 2004 indicated that there was no difference in the δ¹³C of ectodermal tissue and mesoglea of the medusae. In 2005, medusae and zooplankton present during the day and night were sampled and isotopic signatures were modelled using IsoSource. Modelling indicated that: (1) mollusc veligers and copepods sampled during the day contributed <13% of the carbon to the jellyfish; (2) copepods sampled at night contributed up to 25%; and (3) the large, emergent decapod Lucifer sp. contributed 88–94%. We hypothesised, therefore, that medusae derive most of their carbon from emergent species of zooplankton. In 2006, sampling done in 2005 was repeated three times over a period of 4 weeks to measure short-term temporal variation in isotopic signatures of medusae and zooplankton, and emergent demersal zooplankton was specifically sampled using emergence traps. Short-term temporal variation in isotopic signatures was observed for some taxa, however, actual variations were small (<1.5‰) and the values of medusae and zooplankton remained consistent relative to each other. IsoSource modelling revealed that mysid shrimp and emergent copepods together contributed 79–100% of the carbon to the jellyfish, and that the maximum possible contribution of daytime copepods and molluscs was only 22%. Jellyfish apparently derive most of their carbon from emergent zooplankton and by capturing small numbers of relatively large taxa, such as Lucifer sp. or mysid shrimp. Small but abundantly captured zooplankton (such as mollusc veligers) contribute only minor amounts of carbon. Jellyfish have a major role in the transfer of carbon between benthic and pelagic food webs in coastal systems.  相似文献   

甘肃河西山地土壤有机碳储量及分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张梦旭  刘蔚  朱猛  李若麟 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):64-72

山地土壤具有强异质性和较高的碳密度，研究山地土壤有机碳的储量、空间分布特征和影响因素，对理解未来气候变化情景下该区土壤碳-大气反馈具有重要意义。河西山地地形复杂，水热梯度明显，是研究土壤有机碳空间格局的理想区域。利用河西山地126个土壤剖面数据，分析了0~100 cm土壤有机碳的储量、空间分布特征及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明：河西山地0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度均值15.04±7.24 kg·m^-2，区域土壤有机碳储量1.37±0.66 Pg，其中50%储存在高寒草甸和亚高山灌丛草甸。研究区土壤有机碳密度从高到低依次为亚高山灌丛草甸（41.15±18.47 kg·m^-2）、山地草甸草原（40.26±9.59 kg·m^-2）、山地森林（34.57±14.52 kg·m^-2）、高寒草甸（29.19±14.58 kg·m^-2）、山地草原（19.28±11.33 kg·m^-2）、荒漠草原（9.83±4.14 kg·m^-2）、高寒草原（8.59±2.47 kg·m^-2）、高寒荒漠（5.89±3.18 kg·m^-2）、草原化荒漠（5.16±3.06 kg·m^-2）、温带荒漠（5.00±3.35 kg·m^-2）。土壤有机碳的空间分布与地形和气候因子显著相关。土壤有机碳密度随着海拔的升高呈现出先增加后减少的趋势，阴坡土壤有机碳密度显著高于阳坡和半阴坡。土壤有机碳密度随年平均降水量增多而增多，随年平均温度的升高呈现出先增加后减少的趋势。  相似文献   

荒漠草原区风力发电场建设前后的植被变化     

马松尧  陈龙  滕泽宇  丁爱军  何子豪 《中国沙漠》2019,39(2):186-192

调查了甘肃景泰荒漠草原区一处风电场基础设施建设和运行对植被的影响。结果表明：荒漠草原区百兆瓦级风力发电场建设造成直接植被生产力损失量为6.79 g·m^-2·a^-1，间接植被生产力损失量为91.43 g·m^-2·a^-1。随着扰动程度增加，物种丰富度降低，均匀度减小。在工程运行后，经历近10 a的自然恢复，核心扰动区虽然物种单一，但植被生产力是次级扰动区的两倍以上，为间接扰动区和未扰动区的50%和33%左右；而间接扰动区植被生产力仅为未扰动区的50%。总体上，风电工程扰动对区域植被的影响，不仅在于建设期对局地群落植被生产力的完全丧失，更重要的是在运行期间对周边大面积间接影响区群落植被生产力的大幅度降低，而且这种影响是长期和持续性的。  相似文献   

植被光合有效辐射吸收比率遥感研究进展     

田定方  范闻捷  任华忠 《遥感学报》2020,24(11):1307-1324

植被光合有效辐射吸收比率FPAR（Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation）反映了植被冠层的光学特性，是表征植被光合作用水平和生长状态的重要参量，因此成为全球变化研究中多种过程模型的重要输入参数。随着定量遥感研究的深入和新型传感器的使用，从区域到全球尺度上的FPAR遥感估算方法不断提出，多样化的遥感FPAR产品越来越多地应用于碳循环、能量循环、生产力估算及作物估产等研究领域。本文梳理了遥感估算的植被光合有效辐射的相关概念和算法，并着重对过去十年间遥感估算FPAR的新进展进行了系统总结和探讨。研究表明，近年来FPAR遥感的研究工作一方面聚焦于对现有算法的改进与各类型产品的验证，更多的研究则侧重于FPAR概念体系的拓展，叶片、叶绿素水平的FPAR估算，直射光、散射光的FPAR建模等新方向逐渐成为研究热点。  相似文献