2000～2014年洞庭湖区植物面积变化及其与湖泊水位的关系     

杜冰雪  徐力刚  蒋名亮  程俊翔  谭志强  范宏翔 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):20-27

利用增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI),采用Mann-Kendall方法和Sen’s斜率估计方法,研究2000~2014年洞庭湖区的植物面积及其变化趋势,以及其与水位之间的关系。研究结果表明,枯水年洞庭湖区的植物面积最大,平水年的次之,丰水年的最小;2000~2014年期间,洞庭湖区增强型植被指数的变化存在空间异质性,东洞庭湖区的大部分区域的增强型植被指数无显著变化,南洞庭湖区的大部分区域的增强型植被指数显著增大;洞庭湖区18.08%的区域的增强型植被指数显著增大,这些区域主要集中在高滩地(平均海拔为26.61 m);7.51%的区域的增强型植被指数显著减小,这些区域主要集中在低滩地(平均海拔为25.79 m);随着湖泊水位的上升,洞庭湖区植物面积在减少,当洞庭湖水位为24 m时,最适合植物生长,当洞庭湖水位低于24 m时,洞庭湖区的植物面积受水位变化的影响较小。  相似文献   

植被盖度对沙丘风沙流结构及风蚀量的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

余沛东  陈银萍  李玉强  闫志强  王旭洋  牛亚毅  龚相文 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):29-36

以科尔沁沙地不同植被盖度沙丘为研究对象，采用野外可移动风洞进行原位测试，开展了沙丘植被盖度对风沙流输沙率影响的研究，探讨了地表风蚀量与风速及植被盖度的关系。结果表明：空气动力学粗糙度随植被盖度增加先平缓后剧烈，与植被盖度相关关系呈三次函数增长。在各植被盖度下各层输沙率均随高度增加而递减，随风速增加而递增。同一植被盖度下风蚀量随风速增加而增大，符合幂函数或二次函数关系，但二次函数相关性更高。同一风速下风蚀量随植被盖度的增加呈阶梯式降低，在盖度小于27%时风蚀量平缓下降，盖度27%~43%时风蚀量急剧下降，盖度43%以上时风蚀量下降重新趋于平缓。相对截留率随风速增大而减小，随植被盖度增加而增大，沙丘草本植被盖度43%以上时具有较好的防风固沙效果，此时平均截留率达88.02%。  相似文献   

Planktonic protist communities in semi-enclosed mariculture waters: temporal dynamics of functional groups and their responses to environmental conditions     

XU Henglong  WARREN Alan  AL-RASHEID Khaled A S  ZHU Mingzhuang  SONG Weibo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):106-115

The functional groups of planktonic protist communities and their responses to the changes of environmental conditions were investigated in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond in Qingdao,Shandong Province,China,during a six-month study period (a complete shrimp-culture cycle) from May to October 2002.The results reveal that: (1) the protist communities represented five trophic and functional groups of the species identified,about 60% were photoautotrophs,20% algivores,12% bacterivores,5% raptors and about 3% non-selectives;(2) the photoautotrophs,algivores and bacterivores were the primary contributors to the changes in the protist communities in short temporal scales,the succession of dominance typically being bacterivores→photoautotrophs→algivores,with the raptors dominating the protist communities in a single sample (early June);(3) the photoautotrophs and non-selectives were the primary contributors to the peak of protist abundance in early October whereas the photoautotrophs,bacterivores,raptors and non-selectives mainly gave rise to two bimodal peaks of biomass in July and October respectively;(4) five functional groups of protist communities represented significant correlations with water nutrients (i.e.,NH 3-N,NO 3-N,and PO 4 ),either alone or in combination with temperature,of which algivores and raptors were strongly correlated with phosphate and the concentration of Chl a,while bacterivores were strongly related to nitrogen and the concentration of bacteria.These findings confirm that planktonic protists are potentially useful bioindicators of water quality in the semi-enclosed mariculture system.  相似文献   

湖南省城市现代化与生态化耦合协调发展研究     

赵先超  袁超  胡艺觉 《世界地理研究》2019,28(6):109-119

通过构建湖南省城市现代化与生态化耦合效应评价指标体系及其数学运算模型，计算得出湖南省14个地州市2010年和2015年城市（经济、社会、生活、空间）现代化与生态化的耦合度和耦合协调度。研究结果表明：（1）全省总体城市现代化与生态化耦合效应较为良好，且五年来基本实现稳中有进，但存在东部、北部地区耦合效应强于中部、南部和西部地区的地域分布差异；（2）湖南省城市现代化与生态化耦合程度受经济创新度、高层次人才结构、社会开放程度、生产单位能耗和生态产业结构等影响较大，受限于城市经济总量和建设规模等传统指标较小；（3）可按耦合协调效应将全省城市分为三类，即一类耦合城市现代化建设与生态发展处于紧密联系、良好共进的发展程度，二类耦合城市现代化建设和生态建设均在提速发展但发展程度不充分不协调，三类耦合城市现代化建设与生态化发展两大层面均有待提高。  相似文献   

1982-2015年全球植被变化及其与温度和降水的关系     

李茂华  都金康  李皖彤  李闰洁  吴森垚  王姗姗 《地理科学》2020,40(5):823-832

采用1982-2015年的GLASS-LAI (Global Land Surface Satellite-Leaf Area Index )遥感数据和CRU(Climatic Research Unit)气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall趋势法分析了过去34 a全球9种植被的叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)时空变化特征;使用相关分析和逐步线性回归分别探讨了全球9种植被LAI与降水、温度的年际与月关系。结果表明：① 全球植被总体呈现绿化趋势,其中变化较大的是草原、稀树草原、常绿阔叶林和多树草原;在植被生长的绿化和褐化趋势中,面积占比最大的植被类型均为草原,说明草原生态系统易受环境因素的影响。② 从年际关系看,草原和开放灌丛的LAI与年均降水多呈正相关关系,而温度对不同纬度植被的LAI存在正负2种影响。其原因为温度升高对中低纬度的植被生长有抑制作用,而对高纬度地区植被生长有促进作用。③ 从年内关系看,南半球降水和温度共同作用于植被的生长;而北半球除常绿阔叶林的生长与温度关系更为紧密外,其它类型植被的生长主要受降水影响。④ 逐步线性回归结果表明,当月温度的升高对常绿阔叶林、混交林和农作物的生长具有促进作用,而多树草原和草原2种植被的生长受当月降水的影响最为显著。  相似文献   

新疆克亚克库都克唐代烽燧遗址木炭记录的薪材利用和植被生态     

农旷远  胡兴军  王树芝  张贵林  蒋洪恩 《第四纪研究》2022,42(1):181-191

考古遗址中的木炭遗存是重建过去局地木本植被群落组成、植物多样性、景观生态格局以及探索人地关系的关键生物指标之一。对于具有特殊性质的烽燧遗址,木炭是一种用以解读可能与烽烟传递军情、戍守人员生活用火密切相关的特定薪材的地质档案。文章对新疆尉犁克亚克库都克唐代烽燧遗址出土的大量木炭样品进行筛选、鉴定和定量分析,以了解驻防先民对烽燧薪材的选择,重建当地的植被生态和景观。木炭显微结构观察结果及树种数量百分比统计显示,有4种木材被选作薪材,包括数量百分比最高的柽柳属(Tamarix sp.)(83.63%)和数量百分比较低的杨属(Populus sp.)(11.95%)、柳属(Salix sp.)(3.54%),以及驼绒藜属(Krascheninnikovia sp.)(0.88%)。基于"最省力原则"和木炭化石组合中树木种属含量与现今当地林地中的丰度和多度成对应比例关系等理论,推断该军事遗址附近为以柽柳属为优势种,其他木本植物为伴生种的植物群落结构。这与现今在塔里木盆地东北部边缘河流沿岸典型的植被类型分布特征相似,由此进一步指示当时先民生存的地表景观为沿河绿洲。  相似文献   

Effects of aspects on soil environment and plant growth on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD     

兰爱玉  林战举  范星文  姚苗苗 《冰川冻土》2023,(1):42-53

The different aspects lead to great differences in the processes of water,heat,and energy balance,which further affect the soil environment and the growth of alpine plants. Based on an experimental study with eight aspects（abbreviated as octagonal platform）of Huashixia frozen soil observation base on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the influence of aspects on soil environments and alpine vegetation growth was studied. The results showed that：（1）After 6 years,the soil temperature of each slope near the surface（10 cm and 30 cm depth）from high to low was as follows：south > southeast > southwest > west > east > northwest > northeast > north,that is,the relatively sunny slope（east,southeast,south and southwest）was higher than the relatively shady slope（west,northwest,north and northeast）. However,there was no significant difference in soil water con⁃ tent between the sunny slope and the shady slope at the depth of 0~30 cm. （2）The growth trend of aboveground vegetation（including plant height,coverage and aboveground biomass）on sunny slope was better than that on shady slope. The growth trend of underground vegetation（including root depth and underground biomass）on sunny slope was worse than that on shady slope. （3）In the depth of 0~10 cm,the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope. However,the content of total phosphorus on sunny slope was lower than that on shady slope. There was no significant difference in total potassium and available nutrients among different slopes（P>0. 05）. In general,the effect of temperature on vegetation growth and nutrient distribution is significant in alpine regions,and these findings provides an important reference for vegetation restoration and energy balance research in different aspects. © 2023 The Author(s).  相似文献   

祁连山森林草原带土壤属性和植被生物量对坡向和坡位的响应     

张梦旭  刘蔚  朱猛  秦燕燕  李若麟 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):233-241

祁连山森林草原带为典型的山地森林和草原镶嵌景观,带内植被呈显著的斑块状分布格局,与地形因子密切相关。探究森林草原带内地形因子与土壤和植被的关系,对该区生态恢复具有重要意义。采用样地-样方调查法,研究了祁连山森林草原带土壤属性和植被生物量随坡向（南、西南、西和北）和坡位（山顶、上坡、中坡、下坡和山谷）的变化特征及其与水热因子的关系。结果表明：坡向梯度上,北坡土壤有机碳含量为50.79 g·kg^-1,全氮含量为2.82 g·kg^-1,土壤含水量为32.86%,地上和地下生物量为5.09和6.39 kg C·m^-2,分别为南坡的2.54、3.97、2.07、24.62和149.30倍。坡位梯度上,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、土壤含水量在山谷最大,分别为50.23 g·kg^-1、3.47 g·kg^-1、0.80 g·kg^-1和32.01%,是山顶的1.73、1.69、1.56和1.30倍,山坡的1.92、2.85、1.74和1.46倍。回归分析显示,土壤含水量是限制祁连山森林草原带土壤碳氮含量和草地生物量分布的主要环境因子,复相关系数在0.74~0.93之间。  相似文献   

灌河口潮间带及其入海河段秋季大型底栖动物生态学研究     

贺心然  陈斌林  高文婕  曹广林  方涛  晁崧然  季相星 《海洋科学》2015,39(5):28-35

2011年10月对灌河口及其入海河段中潮带进行了11个站位的大型底栖动物调查,共发现大型底栖动物10种,均为软体动物。潮间带优势种为光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis),总平均丰度为92个/m2,总平均生物量为20.9 g/m2;入海河段优势种为中华拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea sinensis),总平均丰度为180个/m2,总平均生物量为52.5 g/m2。与邻近海域相比,大型底栖动物物种数、丰度、H’等都较低。相关性分析表明有机污染物敌敌畏、OCPs、SVOCs和重金属镉、汞、锌和总铬的浓度对生物量、丰度和H’有着显著或较大影响。研究表明,灌河沿岸4个化学工业园的排污及沿岸码头建设等对该海域产生了较大的人为扰动,已不适宜部分大型底栖动物的生存,需进行跟踪调查监测及时制定该海域生态保护、修复规划。  相似文献   

Brown and green LAI mapping through spectral indices     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

When crops senescence, leaves remain until they fall off or are harvested. Hence, leaf area index (LAI) stays high even when chlorophyll content degrades to zero. Current LAI approaches from remote sensing techniques are not optimized for estimating LAI of senescent vegetation. In this paper a two-step approach has been proposed to realize simultaneous LAI mapping over green and senescent croplands. The first step separates green from brown LAI by means of a newly proposed index, ‘Green Brown Vegetation Index (GBVI)’. This index exploits two shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands centred at 2100 and 2000 nm, which fall right in the dry matter absorption regions, thereby providing positive values for senescent vegetation and negative for green vegetation. The second step involves applying linear regression functions based on optimized vegetation indices to estimate green and brown LAI estimation respectively. While the green LAI index uses a band in the red and a band in the red-edge, the brown LAI index uses bands located in the same spectral region as GBVI, i.e. an absorption band located in the region of maximum absorption of cellulose and lignin at 2154 nm, and a reference band at 1635 nm where the absorption of both water and dry matter is low. The two-step approach was applied to a HyMap image acquired over an agroecosystem at the agricultural site Barrax, Spain.  相似文献