INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON VEGETATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA     

邹春静  徐文铎  卜军 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,7(1):68-78

GlObalwa-rmingisoneoftheseriousenvironmentproblemswhichattractattentionsofscientistsandgove~entsofvariouscountries.TheglobalatmOSpherecomponentschangebecauseofhtirnanactivitiesandthedevelopmentofindustry.Theincreaseofgreenhouseeffectleadstoglobalw~ng.Basedonthepredictionofgeneralcirculationmodel(GCM),bythemiddleofnextcentury,theconcentrationofopwillbedoubledandtheglobaltemperaturewillinCreasebyZt(Han,1993;She~,1983).WestudiedthelawofvegetationalterationunderthisconditioninnortheastChinain…  相似文献   

Detecting Holocene movements of the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China using discriminant analysis     

Hongyan Liu  Haiting Cui  Yongmei Huang 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(3):237-244

Discriminant functions link vegetation zones and surface pollen along the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China. These links were utilised to reconstruct palaeovegetation using fossil pollen data from four lake sediment sites within the ecotone. Holocene movements of the vegetation zones were derived from the above results and were interpreted as the results of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. This study shows that climatic change was the driving factor for ecotonal movement, but that the positions of vegetational zones were nevertheless controlled by topographical and edaphic conditions, and consequently boundaries between different vegetational zones responded individualistically. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Automated suitable drainage network extraction from digital elevation models in Taiwan's upstream watersheds     

Wen‐Tzu Lin  Wen‐Chieh Chou  Chao‐Yuan Lin  Pi‐Hui Huang  Jing‐Shyan Tsai 《水文研究》2006,20(2):289-306

Automatically extracting drainage networks from digital elevation models coupled with the constant stream threshold value is a regular method. These extracted networks can be verified by comparing the channel initiation points with those from real networks. From the results analysed, the differences in channel initiation points will affect the network geometries, geomorphological indices and hydrological responses. This paper develops two automatic algorithms, the headwater‐tracing method and the fitness index, to trace the flow paths from headwaters to the outlet and to calculate the reasonable stream threshold. Instead of the method determined by trial and error or field survey, the accurate channel initiation points can be obtained from airborne photographs coupled with high‐resolution SPOT images for suitable drainage network extraction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Factors influencing hazard management by municipalities: The case of coastal communities     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

As climate and anthropogenic changes increase the vulnerability of coastal areas around the world, the threat (and reality) of coastal hazards grows. These threats arise particularly at a local level, calling out for more knowledge on how to best support coastal municipalities to deal with natural and human-induced hazards. This study seeks to add to the understanding through an examination of local-level experience with hazard planning and responses carried out by coastal municipalities, producing insights on how to reduce their vulnerability and support their resilience. It explores the factors influencing coastal municipalities’ management of relevant hazards to achieve comprehensive multi-hazard risk reduction and adaptation. We do so through a national survey of Canada’s coastal municipalities which assessed experience with hazards, risk perception, hazard prioritization, and the extent and specifics of hazard responses. We characterize the determinants of coastal municipalities’ behaviour and intervening factors, and conduct regression analyses to explain coastal municipalities’ risk perception, hazard prioritization, implementation of management processes for dealing with hazards, and the number of implemented or planned hazard responses. Six key factors were identified that influence hazard responses at the municipal level: experience with hazards; competing priorities; hazard visibility; access to resources (financial and technical capacity) and governance (institutional setting and political capacity). We conclude that municipal hazard responses can be reinforced by increasing the effectiveness of risk communication, promoting participatory processes, providing support for municipalities’ identified needs and priorities, ensuring municipalities have access to relevant information and expertise, and implementing integrated coastal governance and management.  相似文献   

Sr/Ca,Mg/Ca:珊瑚岛鸟粪沉积的物源指示计^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵三平  孙立广  刘晓东  谢周清  罗泓灏  刘克新  吴小红  丁杏芳  付东坡 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):149-156

文章尝试用Sr/Ca,Mg/Ca比值作物源指示计,区分了珊瑚岛屿受到海鸟粪影响的湖泊沉积物中鸟粪、珊瑚砂、植物这几种主要的环境介质对沉积物的相对贡献,据此恢复1800年来西沙群岛东岛海鸟数量变化和植被演化的历史。结果表明,东岛海鸟数量的变化历史可划分为潜伏期、增长期、稳定期和衰退期4个阶段,历史时期东岛海鸟生态系统的建立和发展与岛屿植被的演变有着密切的联系。研究获得的方法和初步结论为进一步开展西沙岛屿海鸟数量变化、植被演化的广泛对比并探讨与气候变化、人类活动的相互联系提供了基础。  相似文献   

城市植被制图中SPOT5影像融合方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

费鲜芸  张志国  高祥伟 《测绘科学》2007,32(4):98-100

不同的融合方法用于不同应用目的融合效果不同,本文采用主成分分析、HIS变换以及基于小波变换的主成分分析和HIS变换四种融合方法对SPOT5全色波段和多光谱波段进行融合,并针对城市植被制图特点对融合结果进行质量评价。结果表明,基于小波变换的PCA和HIS变换融合法光谱保持能力最好,但是空间结构特征较差,不适于城市植被零星分布的特点。主成分分析既有较好的空间结构特征,细小地物纹理清晰,同时又具有较好的光谱保持能力,最适合于城市植被制图研究。  相似文献   

一种基于图论重构MODIS EVI时间序列数据集的新方法     

谌稳  孙立群  李晴岚  陈晨  李家叶 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(4):738-749

MODIS的增强型植被指数（EVI）时间序列数据早已广泛应用于植被观测、生态环境和全球气象变化等研究领域,但即使EVI时间序列数据已经经过严格的预处理,其中仍然存在着一些噪声。因此,本文开发了一种简单有效的方法来重构EVI时间序列数据,减少EVI时间序列数据中的噪声,尤其是一些由大气云层和冰雪覆盖产生的噪声。新方法的理论来源于图论,利用拉普拉斯矩阵的关系对EVI中选定的邻域窗口的像元权重进行赋值,得到中心像元的拟合。新方法已应用于2016—2018年的MODIS MOD13A1产品,并与S-G滤波法、谐波函数法、双逻辑斯蒂拟合法和非对称高斯函数法进行了比较。结果表明,在荒漠、草原和林地中,新方法留一验证测试的绝对差值最小,相较于其他方法效果较优;在拟合不同植被类型的EVI时间序列数据时,图论邻点方法呈现出更好的细节拟合曲线;其在5类植被类型中的RMSE值分别为200.59、46.58、63.48、165.47和40.95,在5种方法中均为最小值,在获取高保真和高质量的EVI时间序列数据方面优势更明显有效。本文的方法研究可以给植被遥感时序数据的去噪和生态环境的研究提供有益借鉴。  相似文献   

单向明渠流与波浪作用下植被对水沙运动影响研究综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张英豪  赖锡军  唐彩红 《水科学进展》2021,32(2):309-319

作为河、湖以及滨海湿地生态系统中必不可少的组成部分,水生植被具有重要的生态服务价值,且许多生态服务价值是通过改变水体动力条件实现的。含植被水流研究不仅可用于科学阐明水生植被的生态环境效应,还能指导河湖生态系统修复及污染治理的工程实践。本文考虑单向明渠流与波浪2种水动力环境,对国内外有关水生植被对水流结构以及泥沙运动影响研究的主要成果进行梳理。单向明渠流条件下,植被对水动力的影响研究主要集中于植被对水流阻力的影响以及冠层内水体的紊动结构与紊动尺度特征;波浪条件下,植被对波高与波浪流速的减弱作用以及冠层内水体的时均与紊动结构特征是研究重点。受水动力条件控制,植被影响下的泥沙运动特征也受到广泛关注,且研究焦点为单向明渠流条件下水生植被对泥沙起动与输移的影响以及波浪条件下植被对床底泥沙再悬浮的影响。  相似文献   

偏振反射信息在植被遥感双向反射研究中的作用     

孙仲秋  赵云升  卢珊  吕云峰 《遥感学报》2018,22(6):947-956

本文基于菲涅尔反射公式,结合现有的偏振反射模型对单叶与植被多角度偏振测量结果与理论结合进行分析;通过研究发现,偏振反射在前向散射方向可以通过菲涅尔反射公式进行解释,但是,在后向散射方向则需要考虑其他物理机理。此外,传感器获取的植被偏振信息既可以作为一种"噪声"来剔除,剔除后在可见光波段将相对误差从原来的30%降低到20%以内,又可以作为额外有效的信息源表征植被的结构特征:通过模型参数的大小判断冠层形态的平整程度。本文可以作为植被偏振探测的系统化方法,并且给出植被固有的偏振反射效应规律,即植被越平展光滑,产生的偏振信息越多;同时也将偏振光遥感在植被监测中的有效性凸显出来,即偏振信息的剥离有助于提升双向反射模型的计算精度。  相似文献   

基于植被分布的河道糙率分区及率定方法          下载免费PDF全文

吴乔枫  蔡奕  刘曙光  蔡万贤 《水科学进展》2018,29(6):820-827

天然河流的河道综合糙率呈现出空间上的差异性和随水位（或流量）变化的动态性,但目前缺乏相关参数化方法来定量描述河道糙率的动态变化规律。尝试通过参数化方法开展受河道植被影响显著河流的糙率反演研究,用以提升模型精度。基于植被分布将河道断面划分为若干糙率不同的子区,通过率定河道断面各分区的糙率,从而反演糙率—水位曲线。在此基础上通过分析河道植被覆盖情况与河道断面特点对糙率曲线变化的影响,推求了基于分区糙率的河道断面综合糙率计算公式,从而定量描述分区糙率与综合糙率的关系。以漓江干流为例,采用该方法率定漓江干流（大溶江至阳朔段）水动力模型。结果表明:漓江干流综合糙率随水位在0.022~0.180间变化;在1.5 m的临界水深下,断面可划分为底床植被区（n=0.210）与非植被区（n=0.006）,能较好地反演糙率—水位曲线并获得理想的水位模拟效果。漓江底床植被繁茂是糙率随水位变化的根本原因,断面边滩的坡度变化是糙率与水位曲线梯度变化的主要驱动因素,两者的共同作用使得糙率随着水位呈现两段式的非线性变化。  相似文献