地理信息可视化新技术综述与分析     

侯溯源  安晓亚  许剑  孙亮 《东北测绘》2014,(1):30-32,37

随着技术的发展,新的地理信息可视化技术不断涌现。本文对目前地理信息可视化技术研究中较热点的四种地理信息可视化新技术进行了介绍,并分析了各技术的不足,希望能对相关的研究有所裨益。  相似文献   

NAL200系列水准仪补偿器的调校方法     

曹慧楠  王健  张太平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(10):201-202

介绍了NAL200系列水准仪的特点、水准仪工作原理以及补偿器检验和校正的方法,并详细给出了水准仪基本指标的校正方法,如圆水泡的调整、i角误差的校正、补偿精度的校正、补偿器交叉误差的校正等,为用户在进行测量过程中保证仪器的精度提供参考。  相似文献   

Simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation near a natural fracture using virtual multidimensional internal bonds     

Z. Zhang  A. Ghassemi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(4):480-495

A virtual multidimensional internal bond (VMIB) model developed to simulate the propagation of hydraulic fractures using the finite‐element method is formulated within the framework of the virtual internal bond theory (VIB) that considers a solid as randomized material particles in the micro scale, and derives the macro constitutive relation from the cohesive law between the material particles with an implicit fracture criterion. Hydraulic pressure is applied using a new scheme that enables simulation of hydraulically driven cracks. When the model is applied to study hydraulic fracture propagation in the presence of a natural fracture, the results show the method to be very effective. It shows that although the in situ stress ratio is the dominant factor governing the propagation direction, a natural fault can also strongly influence the hydraulic fracture behavior. This influence is conditioned by the shear stiffness of the fault and the distance to the original hydraulic fracture. The model results show that when the fault is strong in shear, its impact on hydraulic fracture trajectory is weak and the hydraulic fracture will likely penetrate the fault. For a weak fault, however, the fracture tends to be arrested at the natural fault. The distance between the fault and the hydraulic fracture is also important; the fault influence increases with decreasing distance. The VMIB does not require selection of a fracture criterion and remeshing when the fracture propagates. Therefore, it is advantageous for modeling fracture initiation and propagation in naturally fractured rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Temporal electronic structure of non-resonant Raman excited virtual state of P-nitroaniline by 514 nm excitation via bond polarisabilities     

王培杰  方炎  吴国祯 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

We have studied the temporal bond polarisabilities of para-nitroaniline from the Raman intensities by the algorithm proposed by Wu et al. in 1987 (Tian B, Wu G, Liu G 1987 J. Chem. Phys. 87 7300). The bond polarisabilities provide much information concerning the electronic structure of the non-resonant Raman excited virtual state. At the initial moment by the 514.5 nm excitation, the tendency of the excited electrons (mapped out by the bond polarisabilities) is to spread to the molecular periphery, and the electronic structure of the Raman virtual state is close to the pseudo-quinonoidic state. When the final stage of relaxation is approached, the bond polarisabilities of those peripheral bonds relax faster than those closer to the molecular core, the phenyl ring. The molecule is in the benzenoidic form as demonstrated by the bond polarisabilities after relaxation.  相似文献   

A virtual experiment technique on the elementary behaviour of granular materials with discrete element method     

Xia Li  Hai‐Sui Yu  Xiang‐Song Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(1):75-96

Multi‐scale investigations aided by the discrete element method (DEM) play a vital role for current state‐of‐the‐art research on the elementary behaviour of granular materials. Similar to laboratory tests, there are three important aspects to be considered carefully, which are the proper stress/strain definition and measurement, the application of target loading paths and the designed experiment setup, to be addressed in the present paper. Considering the volume sensitive characteristics of granular materials, in the proposed technique, the deformation of the tested specimen is controlled and measured by deformation gradient tensor involving both the undeformed configuration and the current configuration. Definitions of Biot strain and Cauchy stress are adopted. The expressions of them in terms of contact forces and particle displacements, respectively, are derived. The boundary of the tested specimen consists of rigid massless planar units. It is suggested that the representative element uses a convex polyhedral (polygonal) shape to minimize possible boundary arching effects. General loading paths are described by directly specifying the changes in the stress/strain invariants or directions. Loading can be applied in the strain‐controlled mode by specifying the translations and rotations of the boundary units, or in the stress‐controlled mode by using a servo‐control mechanism, or in the combination of the two methods to realize mixed boundary conditions. Taking the simulation results as the natural consequences originated from a complex system, virtual experiments provide particle‐scale information database to conduct multi‐scale investigations for better understanding in granular material behaviours and possible development of the constitutive theories provided the qualitative similarity between the simulation results from virtual experiments and observations on real material behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Approach to modeling and virtual-reality-based simulation for plant canopy lighting     

Haopeng Wang  Kai Zhao  Fengbin Song 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):374-381

Over the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in virtual plant modeling corresponding to the rapid advances in information technology. Virtual plant research has broad applications in agronomy, forestry, ecology and remote sensing. As many biological processes are driven by light, it is the key for virtual plant to estimate the light absorbed by each organ. This paper presents the radiance equation suitable for calculating sun and sky light intercepted by plant organs based on the principles of the interaction between light and plant canopy firstly; analyzes the process principles of plant canopy primary lighting based on ray casting and projection secondly; describes the multiple scattering of plant lighting based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and on the radiosity method thirdly; and confirms the research with 3D visualization based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language （VRML） finally. The research is the primary work of digital agriculture, and important for monitoring and estimating corn growth in Northeast China.  相似文献   

Cloning and Characterization of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Encoding Gene in Gracilaria/Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis     

REN Xueying SUI Zhenghong ZHANG Xuecheng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(2):146-150

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） plays important roles in various cellular processes. A cytosolic GAPDH encoding gene （gpd） of Gracilaria/Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was cloned and characterized. Deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme of G. lemaneiformis had high homology with those of seven red algae. The 5＇-untranslated regions of the GAPDHs encoding genes of these red algae varied greatly. GAPDHs of these red algae shared the highly conserved glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site ASCTTNCL. However, such active site of Cyanidium caldarium was different from those of the other six algae at the last two residues （CL to LF）, thus the spatial structure of its GAPDH active center may be different from those of the other six. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GAPDH of G. lemaneiformis might have undergone an evolution similar to those of Porphyra yezoensis, Chondrus crispus, and Gracilaria verrucosa. C. caldarium had a closer evolutionary relationship with Cyanidioschyzon merolae than with Cyanidium sp. Virtual Northern blot analysis revealed that gpd of G. lemaneiformis expressed constitutively, which suggested that it might be house-keeping and could be adapted as an inner control in gene expression analysis of G. lemaneiformis.  相似文献   

虚拟企业的组织结构设计   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贺盛瑜  邓勇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(1):55-59

作为2l世纪主流企业组织形态的虚拟企业，如何组织设计虚拟企业，无论在理论研究还是在实际应用中都是一个非常重要的问题。从实际出发，介绍了虚拟企业的组织机制，完成了虚拟企业组织结构的详细设计。力求能够为虚拟企业组织的建立探索一种可行的思路。  相似文献   

边界虚拟钻孔在复杂地质体3维建模中的引入与确定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王润怀  李永树 《测绘学报》2007,36(4):468-475

在矿山复杂地质体3维建模中,由于数据缺乏致使模型难以控制地质体空间边界特征,直接影响到模型的准确性和实用价值。借助边界虚拟钻孔方法来增加复杂地质体边界数据点密度,从而有效控制3维形体的边界,在一定程度上能缓解这一问题。以地层受断层破坏为例,分别就地层与断层4种典型空间分布组合特征下边界虚拟钻孔的确定方法进行研究,提出相应解决方案。边界虚拟钻孔和普通钻孔在数据存储方式、数据结构和表达方式等方面具有一致性,可用类似的处理方式,因而可以加快3维地质建模,提高建模精度。  相似文献   

基于虚拟仿真的无人机野外地质调查智能路径训练研究     

冯端国  桑学佳  刘敦龙  冉祥金  薛林福 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):588-590

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