工程建筑沉降预测的非等间距灰色建模   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23  

黄声享  李志成 《地理空间信息》2004,2(1):41-43

介绍了传统灰色GM(1,1)模型建立的基本思路及其精度评定方法,着重探讨了非等间距数列的灰色预测建模问题,给出了详细的建模过程。并结合高层建筑沉降监测实例进行分析,取得了较好效果。  相似文献   

发展钻孔应变观测的战略构想   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

邱泽华  谢富仁  苏恺之  欧阳祖熙 《国际地震动态》2004,(1):7-14

钻孔应变观测正在成为一种与测震和GPS相提并论的地壳形变观测。曾经处于领先地位的我国钻孔应力一应变观测的发展需要回顾历史,面对现实,借鉴国外,放眼长远。建立比测基地、实验场和完善国家前兆监测网,三位一体,应该成为发展我国钻孔应变观测的基本方针。  相似文献   

绥棱爆破地震监测与局部场地台阵观测   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

金星  丁海平  李山有  景立平  马树林  高峰  付正心  王晓峰  马强  杨文东 《地震工程与工程振动》2004,24(4):1-7

黑龙江省地震局在绥棱组织了2次人工爆破,目的在于检验黑龙江省地震台网的监测能力和定位精度,并开展相关的地震学和地震工程学研究。为此,在原黑龙江省地震台网的基础上,又架设了一个由六台数字地震仪组成的流动台网,并在爆破点附近建立了一个由多通道强震观测系统和4台强震仪组成的场地影响台阵。本文介绍了这次爆破及现场观测的有关情况,并对结果进行了初步分析。  相似文献   

Seston transport and deposition in Pelorus sound,south Island,New Zealand   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Lionel Carter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):263-282

Transport of seston (suspended sediment) in Pelorus Sound is controlled by tides and freshwater inflow. During high freshwater inflow, a moderately stratified estuarine circulation may be superimposed on the tidal circulation, but the latter dominates and transports seston seawards and landwards with the ebb and flood phases respectively. With extreme freshwater inflow, the estuarine circulation gains impetus and most seston is rapidly transported seaward in the low saline surface layer.

Irrespective of circulation there is a persistent trend in seston concentrations. Highest values occur at the sound's head because of the influence of nearby Pelorus and Kaituna Rivers and because of resuspension of bottom sediment by strong tidal currents. Seston concentrations wane along the sound until near the entrance, where values increase as a result of greater production of biogenic seston and because additional seston is brought in from Cook Strait with the flood tide. This trend parallels variability in the thicknesses of muddy bottom sediments. Muds are thick at the head where an extensive delta extends from the river mouths; muds gradually thin seaward and then thicken markedly in the vicinity of the sound entrance.

Seston weight and composition patterns and 3.5 kHz seismic profiles indicate Pelorus Sound acts as a double‐ended sediment trap. The upper reaches receive and retain river‐derived seston, whereas the sound entrance traps seston derived from Cook Strait. This situation appears to hold for both high and extremely high influxes of sediment.  相似文献   

The Concept and Development of Smart Structures Technologies for Long-span Cable-supported Bridges     

《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):315-331

This article presents an overview of smart structures technologies in connection with long-span cable-supported bridges. Considering the broad scope of the smart structures technologies, two subareas, namely, structural health monitoring and structural control technologies, and their applications in long-span cable supported bridges, are identified as the focus of this review. It is believed that by, adopting the smart structures technologies, reliable operation and hazard management of long-span bridges can be achieved much more efficiently and can be made economically feasible, especially for bridges located at sites with high risks of severe natural hazardous events, such as those facing the bridges of the Taiwan Strait Crossing project. The feasibility of and practical issues in implementing the smart structures technologies in the design and construction of long-span cable-supported bridges are also discussed here. Considering the time span of the construction of the Taiwan Strait Crossing, some of the innovative technologies with a high potential for future long-span bridge applications, while still at the stage of exploratory research at the time of writing, are also examined as it is believed these technologies might have become prevalent by the completion time of the Taiwan Strait Crossing project.  相似文献   

Migrations of humpback whales past Cape Vidal,South Africa,and an estimate of the population increase rate (1988–2002)     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):375-392

Shore-based surveys of migrating humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae were undertaken from Cape Vidal, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, each year between 1988 and 1991, and in 2002. Daily observations of migrating whale groups were carried out from an approx. 60 m-high platform during all surveys. Whale groups were tracked by position-fixing on surfacing bouts using survey theodolites, to determine swimming speeds and headings and distance offshore, while group size estimation was carried out at each theodolite measurement. Numbers of whales observed or projected (at tracked speeds) to cross the midline of the survey area within the observation period each day were tallied in each of three distance bins. These counts were adjusted to account for daily sighting effort and for proportions that were likely to have been missed on account of their distance offshore or poor sighting conditions to produce daily sighting rates. Such daily tallies were summed over the survey period to estimate the number of whales passing Cape Vidal each year, with counts from days of <2.5 h of observation effort (due to weather or sighting condition restraints) replaced by the mean of the previous and following days. The numbers passing to the north of Cape Vidal during coincident periods of 17 days over the 1988–2002 surveys (6–22 July) and 25 days over the 1990, 1991 and 2002 surveys (6–30 July) provide statistically significant increase rates of 11.5% (SE 2.8) and 9.0% (SE 2.7) per annum respectively.  相似文献   

渤海强对流天气监测及概念模型初建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李延江  陈小雷  景华  李飏  王莎 《海洋预报》2013,30(4)

利用micaps系统个例库、秦皇岛雷达、天津雷达、FY-2E红外云图、海岛站、GPS闪电定位仪、探空及中尺度物理量场等资料,采用同步资料叠加分析方法,对2007-2011年4-10月出现渤海西岸区至海区强对流天气的25个例进行综合分析和对应关系的研究.初步得出:(1)强对流发生时三类天气尺度背景场条件下的高空与低层急流配置及K指数和SI指数对应值,渤海边界层辐合线与强对流天气落区对应关系;(2)同步卫星云图中尺度MCC象元动态特征及TBB值;(3)海区中β尺度单体及多单体风暴雷达反射率因子、回波顶高特征及阈值,回波顶高与雷电分布对应关系;(4)初步建立渤海强对流天气概念模型,归纳海区强对流预警指标.在2012年5-6月业务试验中效益显著,为渤海海洋强对流天气监测、精细化预报方法研究提供参考依据.  相似文献   

Relationships between molecular bacterial diversity and chemistry of groundwater in the Wairarapa Valley,New Zealand     

KA Sirisena  CJ Daughney  M Moreau  KG Ryan  GK Chambers 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):524-539

Groundwater plays an important role in New Zealand water supplies and hence monitoring activities are conducted regularly. Most monitoring programmes aim to evaluate groundwater chemistry and almost completely overlook the microbial component in this ecosystem. In our present study, the bacterial community structure of groundwater in the Wairarapa Valley was examined using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and relationships between bacterial community structure and groundwater chemistry, aquifer confinement and groundwater usage were explored. In addition, the results from this study were compared with a previous T-RFLP survey of the same area in an attempt to detect changes in bacterial community structure over time. The data obtained suggested that bacterial community structure was related to groundwater chemistry, especially to redox conditions. Species composition showed minimal variation over time if groundwater chemistry remained unchanged. These findings reflect the potential of using bacterial communities as biological indicators to evaluate the health of groundwater ecosystems. We suggest that it is important to include this type of broad bacterial diversity assessment criteria into regular groundwater monitoring activities.  相似文献   

Summer light‐trap catches of adult Trichoptera in hill‐country catchments of contrasting land use,Waikato, New Zealand     

Kevin J. Collier  Brian J. Smith  Brenda R. Baillie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):623-634

The distribution of adult Trichoptera in light traps was investigated alongside nine streams draining catchments under native forest, pine forest, or pasture near Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between abundance, taxonomic richness, and community composition with respect to land use during summer, and to evaluate the use of adult Trichoptera compared with benthic invertebrates as potential bio‐indicators of the effectiveness of land‐management changes. Adult Trichoptera faunas alongside the native streams were dominated by Hydrobiosidae, Conoesucidae, and Helicopsychidae (each >10% of total Trichoptera numbers for at least two of the three sites), whereas Leptoceridae, Oeconescidae, and Hydrobiosidae were relatively abundant alongside at least two of the pine sites. Adult Trichoptera faunas at the pasture sites were strongly dominated by Hydroptilidae which made up 47–85% of numbers caught at all sites. The mean number of individuals and taxa caught in light traps increased from November to January and then declined in February for all land‐use types. Overall, total numbers and taxonomic richness of adult Trichoptera were significantly lower at the pine sites compared to the pasture or native sites. TWINSPAN classification of benthic invertebrates collected in November clearly differentiated sites based on land use for presence/absence and percentage abundance data. A similar pattern was evident for most sites when adult Trichoptera faunas were used for the four sampling dates combined, suggesting that light trapping has potential as a tool for bio‐monitoring.  相似文献   

Land‐use impacts and water quality targets in the intensive dairying catchment of the Toenepi Stream,New Zealand     

Robert J. Wilcock  Ross M. Monaghan  John M. Quinn  Alan M. Campbell  Bruce S. Thorrold  Maurice J. Duncan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):123-140

Water quality monitoring in Toenepi Stream, New Zealand, started in 1995 in a study of dairy farming influences on lowland stream quality and has continued since then with brief interruptions. Surveys have provided information about changes in farm and soil management practices as they relate to environmental sustainability. Although average water quality in Toenepi Stream has changed little during 1995–2004, there have been some notable improvements. Water clarity measured by black disc has improved from 0.6m to 1.5m, and median ammonia‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations have declined by 70% and 57%, respectively. The frequency and magnitude of extreme concentrations have declined—most notably for nitrogen (N) forms, which also had decreased mean values. Specific yields for suspended solids (SS) and phosphorus (P) forms in 2002–04 were 47–67% of 1995–97 values, mainly because of lower water yields. Reduced specific yields for N forms in 2002–04 (34–37% of 1995–97 yields) were also attributable to lower mean concentrations in stream water. Faecal bacteria concentrations have not abated and are on average 2–3 times recommended guideline values for contact recreation. Fewer dairy farms and an increased proportion irrigating dairyshed effluent to land, rather than discharging it to the stream via two‐pond systems, were likely causes of improvement in water quality. Water quality targets were developed for Toenepi Stream to achieve contact recreation criteria for the Piako River (downstream) and for intrinsic habitat values for Toenepi Stream. A range of mitigation measures has been formulated to meet these targets, but substantial uptake of sustainable farming practices is needed to improve water quality in Toenepi Stream.  相似文献