矩形钢管混凝土柱往复拉压荷载下工作性能试验研究     

曹万林  张境洁  段修斌  董宏英  殷超 《世界地震工程》2012,28(2):1-7

超高层建筑巨型框架结构的巨型柱在大震作用下有时会出现往复拉压受力情形,为提高巨型柱的抗震能力,目前有的超高层建筑巨型框架结构采用了多腔体钢管混凝土巨型柱。为深入研究这种巨型柱的腔体在往复拉压荷载下的性能退化问题,取这种巨型柱中有代表性的矩形腔体,进行了3个配钢率为7.53%和1个配钢率为3.77%的相同截面矩形柱在往复拉压荷载下的工作性能试验研究。4个试件均沿杆长对中分成左右不同构造的两段,左杆段为有栓钉区段,右杆段为无栓钉区段。通过试验,比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、栓钉的作用和破坏特征。给出了抗拉、抗压承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验符合较好。研究表明:在矩形钢管腔体内设置栓钉可明显提高构件的抗拉、抗压工作性能;增加矩形钢管的钢板厚度可明显提高钢板对栓钉的约束能力,从而提高栓钉与混凝土共同工作的性能。  相似文献   

Experimental study of human-induced effects on floor slab of an ancient Tibetan structure     

Yang Na  Guo Ting  S.S. Law 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(4):513-523

With the opening of ancient Tibetan structures to visitors worldwide, human load has become the principal live load on these structures. This project studies the properties of the floor structure of an ancient Tibetan building and its behavior under human-induced load effects. Tests were conducted with static and dynamic crowd load, including stepping and jogging by people at a fixed position. The tests show that the floor structure does not behave as a continuous slab. It takes the load from local areas with minimal load transference properties. The acceleration response shows significant peaks when the footstep frequency is close to the natural frequency of the structure, but the human jogging excitation frequency does not have any obvious effect on the structural response. The elastic modulus of the Agatu material is estimated to be close to zero from the measured natural frequency of the slab. The Agatu material is concluded to be a discrete compacted material with insignificant contribution to the structural rigidity of the floor slab.  相似文献   

Characteristics of freshly deposited sand and finer sediments along an island-braided, gravel-bed river: The roles of water, wind and trees     

Angela M. Gurnell  Trevor D. Blackall  Geoffrey E. Petts 《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):254-269

Over the past two decades there has been a growing interest in the geomorphological mosaic along large floodplain rivers where channel dynamics are seen to drive habitat-patch creation and turnover and to contribute to high biological diversity. This has required a new perspective on fluvial geomorphology that focuses on biological scales of space and time. This study examines the spatial pattern of surface fine sediment accumulations along a reach of a large gravel-bed river, the Tagliamento River in NE Italy; an area with a moist Mediterranean climate and seasonal flow regime. The study investigates changes in sediment characteristics during the summer low-flow period between April and September. Focussing on five areas representing a gradient from open, bar-braided to wooded island-braided morphologies, the paper demonstrates the importance of riparian vegetation and aeolian–fluvial interactions.Significant contrasts in particle size distributions and organic content of freshly deposited sand and finer sediments were found between sampling areas, geomorphological settings, and sampling dates. In particular, wooded floodplain and established islands supported consistently finer sediment deposits than both open bar surfaces and the lee of pioneer islands, and in September significantly finer sediments were also found in deposits located in the lee of pioneer islands than on open bar surfaces. Overall, the September samples had a greater variability in particle size characteristics than those obtained from the same sites in April, with a general coarsening of the D₅ (φ) (i.e., the coarse tail of the particle size distribution). Also in September, crusts of fine sediment (30 μm < D₅₀ < 64 μm) had formed on the surface of some of the open bar and pioneer island deposits within the more open sampling areas along the study reach. These crusts possessed similar particle size characteristics to aeolian crusts found in more arid environments. They were significantly finer than April samples and September subcrust samples obtained from the same sites and had similar particle size characteristics to some samples taken from wooded floodplain, established island surfaces and the lee of pioneer islands that were not crusted.Local climatological and river level data confirm significant wind and rainfall events during a period of consistently low river levels between the April and September sampling periods. These support deflation, deposition and rain wash of finer sediment during the summer, with windblown sediments being deposited on bar surfaces and in the lee of pioneer islands where wood and young trees provide foci for accelerated sedimentation and island growth as well as on marginal floodplains and established islands. We conclude that along braided rivers in moist settings but with a distinct dry season, aeolian reworking of sediment deposits may have a more important role in driving habitat dynamics than previously considered.  相似文献   

德国旅游开发对自然生态系统影响的研究述评     

杨建明 《世界地理研究》2008,17(1):126-131

在当今世界,旅游业发展与生态环境保护之间的矛盾日益剧烈。德国的有关研究揭示,旅游开发主要通过旅游设施建设引起原始地形外貌的改变．游客增加对环境产生的污染,以及旅游干扰对生物界的威胁三个方面对自然生态环境造成压力,其中伴随着一系列负荷现象。鉴于将来旅游业任世界范同内势必进一步扩张．因而研究旅游业发展对生态系统可能产生的负面影响并提出切实町行的策略和措施是当前旅游研究者所面临的一项迫切任务。  相似文献   

增强型管桩和普通管桩受力性能试验对比研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

付贵海  魏丽敏  郭志广 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(3):60-64

通过对桩身预埋有混凝土应变计的普通光圆预应力管桩和增强型预应力管桩的静载对比试验,比较了两种桩的荷载-沉降曲线、桩身轴力分布情况、桩侧摩阻力及桩端阻力的发挥性状,研究了增强型管桩荷载传递规律及桩身环向凸肋的荷载分担情况.结果表明,由于环向凸肋的存在,使增强型管桩在桩周形成的剪切破坏面比普通管桩更大,从而提高了增强型管桩的承载能力.在最大试验荷载作用时,增强型管桩的侧摩阻力要比普通管桩高27.4％～39.5％.  相似文献   

增湿高能级强夯法处理湿陷性黄土地基的研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙文怀  杨志刚  杜小川 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(2):74-78

湿陷性黄土在浸水过程中结构弱化,湿陷变形发展很快,量也很大,强度大幅度降低,在湿陷性黄土地区进行工程建设时,必须进行地基处理。通过分析黄土湿陷性机理及其影响因素,提出了将增湿高能级强夯法应用于湿陷性黄土地基处理的方法,以增湿高能级强夯法加固黄土的机理为理论基础,将该法应用于实践工程,经试验检测,其加固效果较好,消除了黄土湿陷性的同时,还提高了黄土的强度。验证了该法是一种湿陷性黄土地区地基处理的较好的技术。  相似文献   

孔隙水压力及炸药埋深对堤坝爆炸效应的影响分析     

张智超  陈育民  刘汉龙  王维国 《岩土力学》2012,33(7):2214-2220

爆炸荷载作用下的堤坝破坏形态研究在国防以及工程应用中都具有重要意义。为了研究堤坝在不同爆炸工况下产生的破坏形态,在LS-DYNA软件框架内,建立了适合于爆炸荷载作用下土体动力分析的实用模型,并基于多物质ALE法,对均质土坝遭受爆炸袭击开展了仿真分析,得到了不同炸药埋深以及不同孔隙水压力上升程度下的堤坝爆炸弹坑形态。结果表明,随着炸药埋深的增加,堤坝弹坑尺寸具有增大的趋势,但当埋深超过一定范围,则无法形成弹坑;同时,爆炸荷载作用下含水土体的孔隙水压力发展对弹坑的形成具有重要影响,孔隙水压力上升程度越强,产生的弹坑尺寸就越大。研究结果可以为堤坝抗爆安全设计以及爆破拆除堰塞坝等工程提供参考。  相似文献   

海上风电桩基水平承载力循环衰减二维简化分析     

夏华盛  张陈蓉  俞剑  黄茂松 《岩土力学》2012,33(Z1):303-308

海上风电的桩基在长期循环荷载作用下会引起承载力的衰减。针对软黏土中水平受荷单桩,通过引入累积塑性应变以考虑土体不排水强度的循环弱化,建立二维有限元数值模拟和简化p-y曲线简化方法,以分析水平循环荷载作用后单桩桩侧侧向抗力的衰减弱化。在小数目循环荷载下简化方法与有限元计算结果比较吻合,在此基础上,采用二维简化分析方法得到长期大数目循环荷载下桩侧水平抗力的衰减规律,发现如荷载幅值与初始极限抗力的比值小于土体灵敏度的倒数,单桩在长期水平循环荷载作用下承载力虽有所衰减,但桩基趋于稳定,不会发生破坏。  相似文献   

基于点荷载试验武当群片岩的风化分组及强度特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宇  干泉  余飞  陈善雄 《岩土力学》2012,33(Z1):229-232

针对中元古界武当山群（Pt2wd）片岩,开展大量的现场点荷载试验,基于概率统计的方法,确定全风化、强风化、中等风化（Pt2wd）片岩的点荷载强度（垂直岩层）的均值、方差以及分组区间。通过开展沿片岩不同层面方向的点荷载试验,分析平行岩层和垂直岩层点荷载强度的相关性,确定该种片岩的各向异性指数;结合室内单轴抗压强度的试验结果,给出适用于武当群片岩的点荷载强度IS与单轴抗压强度Rc的经验关系式  相似文献   

考虑桩身压缩的综合系数法计算超长桩基础沉降   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张忠苗  杨淼  房凯 《岩土力学》2012,33(3):793-798

实测表明,超长桩基础的桩身压缩量占总沉降量很大比例,因此,等代墩基法刚性体的假定不符合实际,需要一种考虑桩身压缩量的方法来计算超长桩基础沉降。通过对现有超长桩实测数据的分析,得到了嵌岩桩桩身压缩系数拟合方程,同时得出了非嵌岩桩桩身压缩系数约为0.5;推出桩侧沉降比和桩端沉降比,并编制了Matlab计算程序。最后通过工程实例计算考虑桩身压缩的超长桩基础沉降,计算结果与实测结果相吻合。  相似文献