The role of diatoms, dissolved silicate and Antarctic glaciation in glacial/interglacial climatic change: a hypothesis     

David E. Pollock 《Global and Planetary Change》1997,14(3-4)

A new theory is proposed to explain global cooling at the onset of Pleistocene glacial periods. Atmospheric CO₂ drawdown is considered to be the driving force behind global cooling, brought about by heightened productivity at the equatorial divergences and along continental margins, particularly in upwelling regions. Eutrophication appears to be triggered when global warming during late interglacial periods causes accelerated melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This would release large reserves of silicate-enriched subglacial meltwaters into the surrounding oceans where entrainment would take place into deep and intermediate currents forming in Antarctic and subantarctic waters. Subsequent advection, mixing and upwelling of silicate-enriched deep and intermediate waters into the coastal zones and open-ocean divergences results in the proliferation of large, rapidly-sinking diatom species with a high affinity for dissolved silicate. These blooms enhance rates of recycling of N and P in upwelling regions and accelerate rates of organic carbon production, export and sequestration in shelf and slope sediments and in the deep sea. The resultant atm. CO₂ drawdown initiates global cooling. Consequent expansion of Northern Hemisphere glaciers lowers sea level, while increased temperature and pressure gradients between equatorial and polar regions intensify meridional winds. The former process exposes nutrient-enriched coastal sediments to wave erosion, thereby releasing new nutrient supplies, while the latter process enhances upwelling. The combined effect is to greatly increase rates of org. C production and export from continental margins and further accelerate atm. CO₂ drawdown. Glacial-period cooling is also enhanced by a number of other positive feedbacks, including changes in albedo, water vapour and cloud cover. Episodic warming intervals during glacial periods may be related to insolation changes associated with orbital precession and tilt cycles, but processes involved in deglaciation and reversion to the interglacial climatic regime are complex and not yet fully understood.  相似文献   

“河套东南角理想剖面”的新近研究   总被引：16，自引：10，他引：6  

李保生  靳鹤龄  祝一志  张宇红  董光荣  孙冬怀  邵亚军  孙武  张甲坤  阎满存  高全洲 《中国沙漠》2001,21(4):346-353

以在萨拉乌苏河流域近年命名的“米浪沟湾地层剖面”作为河套东南的理想剖面,描述了其地层特征,讨论了地层磁化率值和粒度分布与气候变迁的关系,研究提出,该剖面记录了150ka BP以来毛乌素沙漠27个旋回的砂丘与河湖相和古土壤互为交替的演化历史;剖面风成砂丘的堆积时期和河湖相或古土壤发育时期分别主要与过去冬季风和夏季风作为加强有关。根据中国沙漠及黄土区现代沙尘暴发生的区域特征认为,米浪沟湾剖面记录的150ka来的27次砂丘期代表了中国沙区存在27个沙漠堆积时期。  相似文献   

偏东小风在武汉市秋冬季重污染形成过程中的作用     

郑翔  覃军  梁胜文 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(5):536-546

综合运用了多元资料（环境空气质量监测资料、地面气象观测资料、L波段雷达探空资料、风廓线雷达探空资料和再分析资料）和多种方法（后向轨迹追踪、聚类分析、潜在源区贡献法和数值模拟）,研究了武汉地区特殊气象条件对重污染过程的影响,揭示了偏东小风所带来的外源污染物对形成严重污染日的贡献.主要研究结论如下：1）后向轨迹追踪分析表明,武汉地区严重污染日气流主要为来自安徽南部（47.5%）的偏东小风,模拟结果也显示偏东气流、偏北气流与局地环流共同作用,在武汉地区形成一个局地涡旋,成为反复污染带,加重了武汉地区的污染程度;2）利用潜在源区贡献法（PSCF）分析发现,武汉市秋冬季的潜在源区主要是安徽、江苏、山东、河南、湖南、江西以及武汉周边地区,因此在冬季大范围污染背景下,跨区域的联防联控（尤其是安徽南部地区）才能有效地减少武汉市秋冬季的重污染日.  相似文献   

“双峰”期孟加拉湾风暴对西南水汽输送的贡献     

段旭  张瑾文 《大气科学》2015,39(3):526-534

5月和10～11月是孟加拉湾风暴活动的两个"峰值"期, 风暴对西南水汽输送有重要影响, 本文利用2001～2010年10年的JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Centre)风暴资料和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)1°×1°再分析资料, 研究风暴"双峰"期对西南水汽输送的贡献, 结果表明:风暴水汽向北输送最强, 其次是向东输送, 其它方向的输送较弱;在风暴中心区域及西南水汽通道, 各层和整层的 通量均大于气候平均值, 风暴的西南水汽输送特征显著;两个"峰值"期风暴的经向水汽输送比纬向几乎大一倍, 5月"峰值"期孟加拉湾风暴在西南方向的实际水汽输送总量约是10～11月的2倍, 孟加拉湾风暴前"峰值"期(5月)对水汽输送的影响大于后"峰值"期(10～11月), 孟加拉湾风暴是5月西南水汽输送的主要系统之一。  相似文献   

AMT野外最佳观测时间及人工源信号作用的探讨     

乔宝强  程纪星  刘祜 《铀矿地质》2014,(3):180-186

通过对不同野外工作时间获取的音频大地电磁测量数据的对比分析,总结了天然电磁场的特点及最适宜开展音频大地电磁法野外工作的季节.最后,指出了采用人工信号源弥补天然电磁场弱信号的有效性.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖盆充填类型与优质烃源岩的发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱欣卫  刘池洋 《地球学报》2014,35(1):101-110

湖盆充填类型是盆地构造及古气候的综合反映,对优质烃源岩的发育有重要控制作用。在综合分析延长组优质烃源岩沉积环境的基础上,认为长91、长73、长72—长71烃源岩发育期湖盆都表现为平衡充填类型,但有机质丰度及规模有较大差别,因此进一步细分长91期为平衡充填三角洲前缘-深湖相组合沉积体系,长73期为平衡充填深湖相沉积体系,长72—长71期为平衡充填浊流-深湖相组合沉积体系,并指出长73期湖盆充填类型发育最优质烃源岩,进而重点探讨了其形成环境。本文认为盆地沉降过程与古气候变化主要控制优质烃源岩的沉积和保存条件,而湖盆原始生产力则与火山灰沉积和深部流体关系密切。综合长73期盆山耦合关系、湖盆充填类型、沉积岩相组合等,指出强水动力体系(浊流沉积、三角洲)对有机质起稀释作用,重点强调了火山灰沉积和深部流体带来的营养物质有利于提高湖盆原始生产力,进而初步揭示了长73优质烃源岩的发育模式。这一认识为进一步研究陆相坳陷湖盆优质烃源岩的充填类型及发育规律提供了可借鉴的研究实例。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区古生界油气藏成藏期次     

李文强  郭巍  孙守亮  杨绪海  刘帅  侯筱煜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(3):640-651

本文利用塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区8口井53块样品开展了流体包裹体的荧光观察和显微测温、测盐系统分析,并结合埋藏史、热演化史确定了研究区古生界油气藏的主要成藏期次及成藏时间。研究结果表明,研究区古生界油气藏曾发生过2期4个幕次的油气运聚事件,即：海西晚期的早成藏阶段,其可进一步划分为晚石炭世—早二叠世（距今309.40~289.20 Ma）和晚二叠世—早三叠世（距今262.90~241.20 Ma）2个幕次;喜马拉雅晚期的晚成藏阶段,主要以高成熟油充注及天然气成藏为主,其可划分为新近纪晚期（距今6.31~4.17 Ma）和第四纪早期（距今2.31~1.62 Ma）2个幕次。结合盆地构造演化史认为,2期油气运聚事件分别受海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期构造运动控制,印支—燕山期构造抬升中止了烃源岩演化,形成了海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期2个重要的油气成藏时期。  相似文献   

Uncertainty of the sea state parameters resulting from the methods of spectral estimation     

G. Rodríguez  C. Guedes Soares  U. Machado 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(10):132

The uncertainty of some commonly used spectral wave parameters resulting from the spectral estimation procedure is assessed. It is observed that the methods of spectral estimation produce a significant uncertainty for all parameters examined, but this is of considerable importance only for the peak period, which is one of the most important parameters to model the wave climate.  相似文献   

近五十年来华北地区旱涝特征与全球变化的研究及对未来趋势的探讨   总被引：46，自引：10，他引：36  

孙淑清 《高原气象》1999,18(4):541-551

对近五年华北地区的降水资料进行了时空分析,研究了水资源枯、丰的变迁及它们的地域特征。并对大气环流及海温异常进行了对比分析。结果表明：华北降水距平有明显的二十年左右的年代际变化。从总体上说,从５０年代初至７０年代为丰水期,７０年代至９０年代则为枯水期,而从１９９２年以后又开始变为正距平。这种年代际变化有很强的地域性,个别地区表现出与平均趋势截然不同的变化,对比丰水期和枯水期的环流状态发现,华北地区二  相似文献   

Priority sites and conservation gaps of wintering waterbirds in the Yangtze River floodplain     

XIA Shaoxia  YU Xiubo  LEI Jinyu  HEARN Richard  SMITH Bena  LEI Gang  XIE Ping 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(10):1617-1632

The Yangtze River floodplain is critical for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF). Greater awareness of its global importance is urgently needed to ensure waterbird populations remain in favourable conservation status, as well as the enhancement of wider wetland biodiversity within this region. The designation of protected wetland areas and building a green ecological corridor in the Yangtze floodplain is now becoming a critical issue of interest to the Chinese government. Priority sites in this area were identified based on the criteria used to identify sites that qualify as Wetlands of International Importance(Ramsar Sites) and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas(IBAs) by using multi-source data. The results show that 140 of the sites surveyed are priority sites. The Importance Index(I) for the whole floodplain decreased slightly from 2001–2005 and an unbalanced distribution pattern is evident with Jiangxi and Hunan provinces significantly higher than the other provinces in the floodplain. Although more than 60% of the priority sites are currently located outside protected areas, the average Conservation Effectiveness Index(C) of the whole floodplain is 75.6%, which suggests the coverage of protected areas for most wintering waterbird population is reasonable. Conservation of the Yangtze River floodplain needs to be further strengthened due to declining waterbird abundances and the mismatch between the distribution of protected areas and their importance for wintering waterbirds. A comprehensive system for priority site identification and protection and scientific review is needed. Multi-sourced data from regular, systematic and coordinated monitoring of waterbird distribution and abundance across the EAAF, as well as national scale citizen science programmes are also critically important.  相似文献