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1.
2.
Mineral assemblages in Al2O3‐rich, SiO2‐ and K2O‐poor metapelitic rocks from the western Odenwald Crystalline Complex (Variscan Mid‐German Crystalline Rise, southern Germany) include corundum, spinel, cordierite, sillimanite, garnet and staurolite. Quartz is absent from almost all samples. Therefore, the applicability of conventional geothermobarometry is very limited or even impossible. Detailed petrographic investigation on selected samples permits inference of the sequence of appearance and disappearance of several mineral assemblages. The recognition of such partial re‐equilibration stages and their associated mineral assemblages, together with mineral stabilities predicted from KFMASH pseudosections, enables the determination of the pressure‐temperature (P–T) trajectories experienced by these rocks during the Variscan metamorphism. The rocks were metamorphosed under low‐P/high‐T conditions and underwent an anti‐clockwise P–T evolution. A pressure increase from about 2 kbar to 4 ± 0.5 kbar was accompanied by heating. Peak metamorphic conditions were reached at pressures of 4 ± 0.5 kbar and temperatures of at least 640 °C, probably even higher. The retrograde evolution is characterised by near‐isobaric cooling from ≥ 640 °C to approximately 550 °C. The rocks underwent the anti‐clockwise evolution in a subduction‐related magmatic arc setting. The close spatial association of the low‐P/high‐T rocks with recently discovered metabasic eclogites in the eastern part of the Odenwald Crystalline Complex may indicate a fossil paired metamorphic belt in the Central European Variscides. 相似文献
3.
Irina N. Plotnikova 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):1131-1142
The study area is the South Tatarstan Arch located in the Volgo-Ural Region, which is an enigmatic crustal segment occupying
one third of the East European Platform. Monitoring studies have shown that fluid discharge processes are still active and
time-dependent. This paper presents an integrated review of the geological, geophysical, hydrochemical and geochemical studies
of the crystalline basement of Tatarstan. These studies are based on the stratigraphic and compositional schemes within the
crystalline basement, the drilling of deep wells, the geodynamic activity of the fractured zones of the crystalline basement
and the presence of fluids therein. Furthermore, the changes in the chemical composition of the basement waters are taken
into account. 相似文献
4.
The application of variations in the earth's gravity in groundwater exploration on a regional scale, especially in sedimentary
basins, metamorphic terrains, valley fills, and for buried alluvial channels, is well established. However, its use in hard
crystalline rocks is little known. In granite, for example, the upper weathered layer is a potential primary aquifer, and
the underlying fractured rock can form a secondary aquifer. Fracturing and weathering increases the porosity of a rock, thereby
reducing the bulk density. Changes in gravity anomalies of 0.1–0.7 mGal for granites, due to weathering or variations in lithology,
can be detected.
To test the use of gravity as a groundwater exploration tool for crystalline rocks, a gravity survey of the peninsular shield
granites underlying Osmania University Campus, Hyderabad, India, was undertaken. At the site, gravity anomalies reflect variations
in the lithology and in the thickness of weathered zones. These anomalies also define the position of intrusives and lineaments.
Areas of more deeply weathered granite that contain wells of higher groundwater yield are represented by negative gravity
values. In the weathered zone, well yield has an inverse relation to the magnitudes of residual gravity. The study confirms
the feasibility of gravity as a tool for groundwater exploration in crystalline rocks.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
5.
福建省海岸基岩节理的分形性质及其与宏观断裂系的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文以福建省福州市海岸基岩为例,通过野外实地勘测与室内分析相结合的研究方法,探讨了海岸基岩节理的分形性质及其与福建省宏观断裂系的相互关系。得到的基本结论为:第一,研究区节理与宏观断裂系的分形性质是客观存在的;第二,研究区节理与宏观断裂系在方向上存在着一定的响应关系;第三,研究区10^-2~10^-1m尺度的节理与福建省10^3~10^4m尺寸的断裂系存在一定的相似性。 相似文献
6.
7.
基岩水的壁间运动及基本特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文通过对基岩水与孔隙水的比较分析,介绍了基岩水的分布、水动力学和水化学特征,指出了基岩水运动具有均位趋势、选择流动及汇流特性,得出了渗流理论不宜用于基岩水的结论。 相似文献
8.
Knickpoint recession rate and catchment area: the case of uplifted rivers in Eastern Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Knickpoint behaviour is a key to understanding both the landscape responses to a base‐level fall and the corresponding sediment fluxes from rejuvenated catchments, and must be accommodated in numerical models of large‐scale landscape evolution. Knickpoint recession in streams draining to glacio‐isostatically uplifted shorelines in eastern Scotland is used to assess whether knickpoint recession is a function of discharge (here represented by its surrogate, catchment area). Knickpoints are identified using DS plots (log slope versus log downstream distance). A statistically significant power relationship is found between distance of headward recession and catchment area. Such knickpoint recession data may be used to determine the values of m and n in the stream power law, E = KAmSn. The data have too many uncertainties, however, to judge definitively whether they are consistent with m = n = 1 (bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power and KPs should be maintained and propagate headwards) or m = 0·3, n = 0·7 (bedrock incision is proportional to shear stress and KPs do not propagate but degrade in place by rotation or replacement). Nonetheless, the E Scotland m and n values point to the dominance of catchment area (discharge) in determining knickpoint retreat rates and are therefore more consistent with the stream power law formulation in which bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
V. Rabemanana S. Violette G. de Marsily H. Robain B. Deffontaines P. Andrieux M. Bensimon A. Parriaux 《Journal of Hydrology》2005,310(1-4):143-156
This study assesses the causes of the high spatial variability of the mineral content of groundwater in crystalline bedrock of Southern Madagascar. Although many kilometres from the coast and at a mean altitude of 400 m a.s.l, wells drilled in this area produce water with electrical conductivities in the range of 300–30,000 μS cm−1 with a high spatial variability. Chemical and isotopic data are used to identify the processes involved in the groundwater mineralization. It is shown that the chemical composition of the groundwater in this region has its origin in (i) normal silicate and carbonate weathering reactions and (ii) input of marine salts, probably via rainfall recharge, modified by evapo-concentrative processes probably including precipitation and re-dissolution of secondary evaporites in the unsaturated zone. To obtain a better understanding of the spatial salinity distribution, well parameters such as yields, weathered zone thickness, weathered materials and morphological positions (upper slope, mid-slope, lower slope or valley bottom) are scrutinized.
A correlation was found between high salinity and low flow, shallow groundwater environments (flat hill tops, valley bottoms, weakly developed and clayey weathered zones) and between low salinity and high flow environments (granular, well-developed weathered zones and situation on valley slopes). 相似文献
10.
On Shikoku Island, which is one of the four main islands of Japan, a large number of large-scale crystalline schist landslides have been revealed and are being monitored by an observation system. Seasonal heavy rainfall is the most active meteorological factor that can threaten the stability of this kind of site-specific landslide. In this paper, on the basis of the study of the rainfall-related behavior of a typical crystalline schist landslide, the Zentoku landslide, by analyzing the precisely and continuously observed piezometric and movement data, a method was developed to quantitatively assess the effect of heavy rainfall on a large-scale landslide. The results indicated that heavy rainfall-induced landslide displacement shows good correlation with the variation of groundwater levels. Variations of groundwater level have been simulated with the use of a tank model. The simulation using this model permits the change in water levels for future rainfall events to be predicted. By combining the predicted results with the empirical relation between displacements and water levels, rainfall-induced landslide movement during extreme rainfall events can be estimated in advance. The effect of heavy rainfall on sliding behavior can be quantified in terms of the change in displacement. Thus warning information or advisories for the local residents can be provided. 相似文献