Sulfuric acid as an agent of carbonate weathering constrained by δC_DIC: Examples from Southwest China     

Si-Liang Li  Damien Calmels  Guilin Han  Jrme Gaillardet  Cong-Qiang Liu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,270(3-4):189-199

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Relocation of the Yellow River as revealed by sedimentary isotopic and elemental signals in the East China Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Weifeng Yang  Min Chen  Guangxue Li  Zhigang Guo  Jiang Liu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6):923-927

The Yellow River (YR) supplies a large amount of nutrients and fresh water to the northern Chinese marginal seas, and greatly influences the ecosystem and current patterns. The relocation of the YR outlet from the southern Yellow Sea (YS) to the Bohai Sea in 1855 was demonstrated using northern East China Sea (ECS) sediment characteristics. Both isotopic (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) signals and C/N ratios in the organic matter (OM) indicate that prior to 1750, the predominant source of OM to the sediments was terrestrial. The terrestrial influences continuously weakened until 1855, when the YR estuary moved; after 1855, the OM was characterized by oceanic sources. Major elements (Al, Ti, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb) had a much closer association with Malan loess prior to 1855, as >90% of the YR sediment was loess-derived. These results reveal that the relocation of the YR induced significant changes in the current patterns of the northern China Seas in the last 250 years; however, more studies are needed to further examine these linkages.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of mixed sources of oil spills based on distributions and isotope profiles of long-chain n-alkanes     

Yun Li  Yongqiang Xiong 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1868-1873

Combined with quantitative determination of concentration and isotopic composition of petroleum hydrocarbons, weathering simulation experiments on artificially mixed oils and their two end-member oils are performed for identification and quantification of mixed sources. The >C₁₈n-alkanes show no appreciable losses during a short-term weathering process. An approach based on distribution of long-chain n-alkanes (>C₁₈) is suggested for estimating the contribution proportion of each source in mixed oils. Stable carbon isotope profile of individual n-alkanes is a powerful tool to differentiate sources of oil spills, but unavailable to accurately allocate each contribution due to a relatively large analytical error.  相似文献   

Formation of Fe-oxyhydroxides from the East Pacific Rise near latitude 13°N:Evidence from mineralogical and geochemical data     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(2)

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station (long. 103°54.48'W, lat. 12°42.30'N, water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near lat 13°N were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS. Most Fe-oxyhydroxides are amorphous, with a few sphalerite microlites. In comparison with Fe-oxyhydroxides from other fields, the variable ranges in the chemical composition of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples are very narrow; their Fe, Si, and Mn contents were 39.90%, 8.92%, and 1.59%, respectively; they have high Cu (0.88%―1.85%) and Co (65×10?6―704×10?6) contents, and contain Co Cu Zn Ni> 1.01%. The trace-element (As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr) and major-element (Fe, Ca, Al, Mg) contents of these samples are in the range of hydrothermal sulfide from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, reflecting that this type of Fe-oxyhydroxide constitutes a secondary oxidation product of hydrothermal sulfide. The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are lower in ΣREE (5.44×10?6―17.01×10?6), with a distinct negative Ce anomaly (0.12 ― 0.28). The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples have similar chondrite-normalized rare-earth-element (REE) patterns to that of seawater, and they are very different from the REE composition characteristics of hydrothermal plume particles and hydrothermal fluids, showing that the REEs of Fe-oxyhydroxide are a major constituent of seawater and that the Fe-oxyhydroxides can become a sink of REE from seawater. The quick settling of hydrothermal plume particles resulted in the lower REE content and higher Mn content of these Fe-oxyhydroxides, which are captured in part of the V and P from seawater by adsorption. The Fe-oxyhydroxides from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were formed by secondary oxidation in a low temperature, oxygenated environment. In comparison with the elemental (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu) average content of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, the Zn, Cd, and Pb contents of the Fe-oxyhydroxides are lower, and their Fe, Co, and Cu contents are higher.  相似文献   

Periodical mixing of MORB magmas near East Pacific Rise 13°N: Evidence from modeling and zoned plagioclase phenocrysts     

GuoLiang Zhang  ZhiGang Zeng  XueBo Yin  DaiGeng Chen  XiaoYuan Wang  XiaoMei Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(12):1786-1801

Thirty-six basalt samples from near East Pacific Rise 13°N are analyzed for major and trace elements. Different types of zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts are also backscatter imaged, and major element profiles scanned and analyzed for microprobe. Basalts dredged from a restricted area have evolved to different extents (MgO=9.38wt%—6.76wt%). High MgO basalts are modeled for crystalliza-tion to MgO of about 7wt%, and resulted in the Ni contents (≈28 ppm) that are generally lower than that in observed basalts (>60 ppm). It suggests that low MgO basalts may have experienced more intensive magma mixing. High MgO (9.38wt%) basalt is modeled for self-"mixing-crystallization", and the high Ni contents in low MgO basalts can be generated in small scale and periodical self-mixing of new magma (high MgO). "Mixing-crystallization" processes that low MgO magmas experienced accord with recent 226Ra/230Th disequilibria studies for magma residence time, in which low MgO magmas have experi-enced more circles of "mixing-crystallization" in relatively longer residence time. Magma mixing is not homogeneous in magma chamber, however, low MgO magmas are closer to stable composition pro-duced by periodical "mixing-crystallization", which is also an important reason for magma diversity in East Pacific Rise. Zoned plagioclase phenocrysts can be divided into two types: with and without high An# cores, both of which have multiple reversed An# zones, suggesting periodical mixing of their host magmas. Cores of zoned plagioclase in low MgO (7.45wt%) basalt differ significantly with their mantle in An#, but are similar in An# with microlite cores (products of equilibrium crystallization) in high MgO (9.38wt%) basalt, which further shows that plagioclase phenocryst cores in low MgO basalts may have formed in their parental magmas before entering into the magma chamber.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic Characterization of Compost at Different Maturity Stages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Riccardo Spaccini  Alessandro Piccolo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):152-157

We studied the physicochemical and molecular changes of compost during its maturation within 60, 90, and 150 days after the composting process. Moreover, the changes were also studied in compost residues after sequential removal of lipidic compounds. Infrared DRIFT spectrometry and ¹³C‐CPMAS‐NMR spectroscopy indicate that the molecular composition of compost changes dramatically during the stabilization period. The most decomposable components, mainly represented by bioavailable lipidic and peptidic structures, were progressively mineralized passing from 60 days to longer periods of compost stabilization. At increasing maturity stages, the composition of organic matter underwent a progressive enrichment in stable hydrophobic and ligno‐cellulosic material. The sequential extraction of lipidic compounds allowed an improved characterization of substrates and confirmed the outlined progressive transformation of compost. Compost may well be chosen on the basis of selected characteristics for environmental applications.  相似文献   

13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白峰  马鸿文 《现代地质》2008,22(5):838-844

对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m²/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm³/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。  相似文献   

喀斯特与非喀斯特区土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13C关系的对比研究—— 以贵州清镇市王家寨小流域为例     

葛永罡  王世杰 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):108-114

通过测定贵州省清镇市王家寨小流域内不同背景区(喀斯特与非喀斯特)土壤的含水量以及16种植物叶片的δ13 C值,比较了不同背景区从退化生态到非退化生态过程中各样地之间,以及石漠化和土山样地不同坡位之间土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系。研究结果表明,不管是喀斯特背景区还是非喀斯特背景区从退化到非退化的过程中,随着土壤含水量的逐渐增大,植物叶片的δ13 C值与土壤含水量呈现显著的负相关关系,即土壤含水量越大,植物的水分利用效率就越低;而从不同坡位土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系分析表明,石漠化样地植物叶片δ13 C值并不随坡位土壤含水量的不同呈现出规律性的变化,而坡位自上而下土山样地植物叶片的δ13 C值则表现出随土壤含水量的增大而逐渐趋负。这些研究结果均反映了植物叶片的δ13 C值对不同生境土壤水分条件的适应机制,其中石漠化样地上的植物对土壤含水量变化的响应最迅速和最敏感。   相似文献   

Late-Holocene equatorial environments inferred from deposition processes,carbon isotopes of organic matter,and pollen in three shallow lakes of Gabon,west-central Africa     

Pierre Giresse  Makaya Mvoubou  Jean Maley  Alfred Ngomanda 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(2):369-392

Seven vibro-cores were collected from three shallow lakes of the Gabon (Kamalété, Nguène, Maridor) along a 300-km west–east transect close to the Equator. These lakes are located in very distinct landscapes: coastal forest-savanna mosaic, rain forest and savanna with colonising forest, respectively. Core chronologies were established by radiocarbon dating. Study of these lacustrine archives (textural variables, clay minerals, organic matter components, δ¹³C, pollen) allowed comparison of late Holocene environmental changes recorded at each site and with results from other studies. Lake Kamalété indicates minor climatic deterioration (increased drying and greater seasonality) between 1,410 and 500 cal. years BP, which is also recognised in southern Cameroon and east-central Africa. Lake Nguène was surrounded by dense moist forest throughout the last 4,110 years, but shows significant deterioration from ~2,800 cal. years BP, a phenomenon seen at nearby sites. Lake Maridor shows a decline of forest initiated a little after 3,800 cal. years BP, which indicates timing that is distinct from the two other sites. This was probably a response to local conditions (i.e. outlet damming). Although the three lakes display generally parallel climatic trends perhaps linked to SST oscillations, there is not perfect coherence between these three sites. Differences among the three basins may be attributable to local factors like groundwater hydrology and slope instabilities of such shallow lake systems in this equatorial region.  相似文献   

西部中国沙棘叶片稳定碳同位素组成的空间特征及其气候意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

刘光琇  张威  陈桂琛  章高森  李田  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2009,29(5):866-871

分析了西部中国沙棘（Hippophate rhamnoides sinensis）叶片稳定碳同位素组成特征及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值在-30.40‰~-24.91‰之间变化,平均值约为-27.62‰,属于C3植物。随纬度和经度的升高,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值明显升高,而随海拔的升高而降低,具有明显的空间分布特征。中国沙棘叶片δ13C值与温度没有明显的关系,随蒸发量和日照时间的升高而升高,随降水量的升高有降低趋势,具有明显的气候意义。表明中国沙棘具有较高的水分利用效率,水分是控制中国沙棘δ13C值变化或生长的主导因子。  相似文献