岩体变形和破坏的各种应力途径   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14  

许东俊  耿乃光 《岩土力学》1986,7(2):17-25

在真三轴应力状态下进行了各种应力途径的岩石变形和破坏实验。实验表明,三个主应力的变化(最大主应力的增加,最小主应力的减小,围压的减小以及中间主应力的增加或减小)都能引起岩石变形和破坏。而且岩石的强度、延性和脆性、体积变化和破坏前兆等都与应力途径有关。据根试验结果探讨了岩体工程中的应力途径问题。  相似文献   

茂木岩石真三轴压缩仪的结构及特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许东俊 《岩土力学》1980,2(3):77-84

茂木清夫教授,从1960年开始致力于岩石的三轴压缩实验的研究.经过近十年的努力,对Von Karman型普通三轴压缩仪进行了重要的改进,并研制成功了世界上第一台岩石真三轴仪.它能够在均匀的真三轴应力状态下研究岩石的力学特性.  相似文献   

2011年日本M_W9.0地震震后形变机制与震源区总体构造特征          下载免费PDF全文

刘泰  付广裕  周新  苏小宁 《地球物理学报》2017,60(9):3406-3417

本文利用较为完备的球体位错理论,结合4.5年的震后位移数据,优化了2011年日本M_W9.0地震震源区岩石圈弹性层厚度与地幔黏滞性因子,更新了该强震断层余滑时空演化过程.首先,基于日本列岛215个均匀分布的GPS连续观测站震前2年与震后4.5年的观测数据,提取了2011年日本M_W9.0地震引起的震后位移时空变化;接着,依据断层余滑衰减相对较快的特点,利用黏弹性球体位错理论对震后3~4.5年的GPS观测数据进行反复拟合,确定2011年日本M_W9.0地震震源区地幔黏滞性系数和岩石圈弹性层厚度的最优解分别为6×10¹⁸ Pa·s和30 km;然后,从震后3年内GPS观测数据中剔除地幔黏滞性松弛效应,获取了断层余滑对应的震后位移场;最后,利用基于球体位错理论的反演算法,反演了2011年日本M_W9.0地震断层余滑的时空演化过程.结果表明,2011年日本M_W9.0地震引起的断层余滑在震后半年内变化显著,震后2年主震区域余滑基本停止,断层的两端存在一定的余滑效应,断层余滑的累计矩震级达到8.59;地震后4年,地幔黏滞性松弛效应对震后位移场的贡献在总体上超过断层余滑的贡献.  相似文献   

岩体体裂隙率野外测量及计算方法的研究     

张杨  宁立波  尹峰  赵国红  白冰珂  朱晛亭 《工程地质学报》2020,28(1):10-18

裂隙率作为表征岩体裂隙特征的一项重要参数,有线裂隙率、面裂隙率、体裂隙率3种表征方法。目前常用测线法、统计窗法获取线、面裂隙率仅能从一维或二维反映裂隙发育情况,其方法还存在测量结果随机性、应用受出露条件所限等不足;现有体裂隙率测量方法也存在着实际应用性较差、成本高等问题,尚缺乏简便易操作的野外测量方法。为此本文提出了一种新的野外测量岩体体裂隙率的工作方法--球体法。由于构造、成岩裂隙发育的组系性、方向性,球体法根据各组裂隙产状从不同方向进行观测,通过多次测量统计岩体出露面上裂隙的发育特征,推断岩体内部裂隙的发育状况,其值能更好地反映局部区域岩体内部裂隙发育程度。此外,在测量时利用专利仪器可以得到沿裂隙面法线方向上隙宽以及隙间距数据真实值,测量条件对出露面平整情况要求不高,测量结果受露头平整性影响不大,具有更好的实用性。本文以安庆大龙山采石场研究区为例应用球体法,野外现场测量表明该方法可以在较为方便操作的基础上实现快速测量;研究区体裂隙率均值为2. 286%,集中分布在1%~4%,结合研究区实际情况以及误差分析结果,球体法可以很好地反映研究区各个测量点的裂隙发育程度。  相似文献   

Origins and pathways of the subsurface and intermediate water masses of the Indonesian Throughflow derived from historical and Argo data     

ZHANG Yanhui  YU Xiaolin  WANG Fan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):17-25

On the basis of Argo data and historic temperature/salinity data from the World Ocean Database 2001 （ WOD01 ）, origins and spreading pathways of the subsurface and intermediate water masses in the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） region were discussed by analyzing distributions of salinity on representative isopyenal layers. Results were shown that, subsurface water mostly comes from the North Pacific Ocean while the intermediate water originates from both the North and South Pacific Ocean, even possibly from the Indian Ocean. Spreading through the Sulawesi Sea, the Makassar Strait, and file Flores Sea, the North Pacific subsurface water and the North Pacific Intermediate water dominate the western part of the Indonesian Archipelago. Furthermore as the depth increases, the features of the North Pacific sourced water masses become more obvious. In the eastern part of the waters, high sa- linity South Pacific subsurface water is blocked by a strong salinity front between Halmahera and New Guinea. Intermediate water in the eastern interior region owns salinity higher than the North Pacific intermediate water and the antarctic intermediate water （ AAIW）, possibly coming from the vertical mixing between subsurface water and the AAIW from the Pacific Ocean, and possibly coming from the northward extending of the AAIW from the Indian Ocean as well.  相似文献   

A Study of Mesoproterozoic Iron Cosmic Micro-spherules from 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga Old Strata in the Ming Tombs District, Beijing     

SONG Tianrui HE Zhengjun WAN Yusheng LIU Yanxue 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):649-657

Numerous iron cosmic micro-spherules have been discovered from Mesoproterozoic strata including the Changzhougou Formation(1.8 Ga) and the Dahongyu Formation(1.6 Ga) of the Ming Tombs district,Beijing.There are 1 to 30 grains of cosmic spherules per 2 kg of a sandstone sample taken from the bottom of a coarse sandstone bed of the Changzhougou Formation and 56 grains per 3.69 kg of a rock sample from silicified carbonate rocks of the Dahongyu Formation.The surface textures of cosmic spherules analyzed by means of the secondary electron imagery are identical with those reported from references either domestic or abroad.So far the geo-ages of 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga of cosmic spherules from the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations might be older than those reported in the world.Table 1 gives the electron probe analysis data of cosmic spherules for 30 spherule grains and 44 testing points as follows(%):FeO,80-95;Cr_2O_3;0-9.56;NiO,0-0.78;CoO,0-0.46; indicating that the Cr_2O_3 content is higher and FeO content lower in the Changzhougou Formation than in the Dahongyu Formation.The helium isotopic data of cosmic spherules as well as their host rocks vary greatly between the Changzhougou and the Dahongyu formations as shown in Table 2.The data of cosmic spherules of the Changzhougou Formation vs the Dahongyu Formation are 57.5/1.23 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8));and 55.54/809.60 in ~4He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g);those of coarse sandstone of the Changzhougou Formation vs silicified carbonate of the Dahongyu Formation are 3.39/2.59 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) and 4.56/2.34 in ~3He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g).The ratio of analytic data of helium isotopes are different for cosmic spherules and their host rocks;for example,the ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) values are 16.96 and 0.48,and the ~4He (10~(-6)cm~3STP/g) are 12.18 and 345.98 for the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations respectively.It was reported that the world's oldest micrometeorites had been found in the Meso-Proterozoic Satakunta Formation,Finland.However,the cosmic spherules from the Meso-Proterozoic Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations are 200 to 400 Ma older than those from the Satakunta Formation.Besides,one carbonaceous chondrite grain was discovered for the first time as the earliest remain formed in the solar nebula from the Dahongyu Formation.  相似文献   

东京迪斯尼大冒险     

刘聪 《海洋世界》2014,(6):18-21

正东京迪斯尼修建于1982年,位于日本东京都以东的千叶县浦安市舞滨区,是由美国迪斯尼公司和日本梓设计公司合作建造而成的,包含了迪斯尼乐园和迪斯尼海洋公园两个地方,被认为是亚洲迪斯尼乐园的杰出代表。迪斯尼乐园占地46公顷,依照美国迪斯尼乐园的风格修建。中间分7个区,由世界市集、探险乐园、动物天地、西部乐园、梦幻乐园、明日乐  相似文献   

特大跨度小净距隧道中间岩柱可靠度分析及其加固处理措施          下载免费PDF全文

胡金海  宋英龙  邹伟彪 《探矿工程》2012,39(3):77-81

魁岐2号隧道位于福卅I国际机场高速公路二期工程A3标段,隧道跨度达到19．9m,中间岩柱最小净距为11．7m,为国内首座双向八车道小净距隧道工程。针对魁岐2号隧道工程的特殊性,利用离散单元法对节理岩体中特大断面小净距隧道的受力情况进行了分析,根据可靠度理论,通过对魁岐2号特大断面小净距隧道中间岩柱的可靠性分析发现,对于特大断面小净距隧道,中间岩柱最薄弱的部位主要集中在岩柱上部,因此,埘于特大断面小净距隧道施工过程中宜重点对岩柱上部进行加固处理。同时,根据不同围岩级别中中间岩柱的可靠度值显示,魁岐2号特大断面小净距隧道的净距取值基本上是合理的,整体上二能满足稳定性的要求。  相似文献   

中间主应力对垂直井井壁坍塌压力的影响          下载免费PDF全文

梁涛  杨甘生  雷静 《探矿工程》2012,39(4):11-15

运用线弹性本构模型来分析垂直井井壁应力分布,并分别用Mohr-Coulomb准则、Drucker-Prager准则和Mogi-Coulomb准则3个强度准则来计算平谷地应力测量与监测钻孔维持井壁稳定所需的最小钻井液液柱压力。通过对比分析得出考虑中间主应力的作用,会使岩石强度得到加强,使得维持井壁稳定所需的最小液柱压力降低;3个准则得出的最小液柱压力在与深度的对应图中表现出一致的变化趋势,说明3个准则有各自的适用性;比较而言Mohr-Coulomb准则偏于保守,Drucker-Prager准则偏于危险,而Mogi-Coulomb准则要优于前两个准则。  相似文献   

展示自然的力与美——世界自然遗产广西环江喀斯特     

黄云清 《广西地质》2014,(11):52-55

可望黔南三万岭,还钟桂北八千峰.放眼整个广西北部山区,如石笋般拔地而起的喀斯特地貌,从桂林漓江延岸一直向贵州南部的云贵高原延展.在这连绵不断的山势走向中,中间地带一整片气势磅礴的锥状喀斯特尤为引人注目,这便是以锥状峰丛景观著称的环江喀斯特.  相似文献