环球     

《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(3):11-11

英国政府因空气污染遭欧盟起诉3月20日,欧盟委员会宣布,因为治理空气污染不力。决定对英国政府提起诉讼。英国政府由此面临每年超过3亿欧元巨额罚款的风险。欧盟委员会表示,因为英国空气中的二氧化碳含量未能达到欧盟的标准,他们正在对英国提起诉讼。英国因此成为第一个因为空气质量未达标而被欧盟起诉的国家。  相似文献   

基于GOSAT数据集的全球碳通量分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丽  张丽  燕琴  梁勇 《地理与地理信息科学》2014,(1)

利用GOSAT全球CO2通量数据集,对2009年6月至2010年5月期间的陆地生态系统地表碳通量(Biosphere flux,简称"陆表碳通量")数据进行分析,主要结论如下:1)全球植被覆盖区总体表现为碳汇(-0.83PgCyr-1),在各种植被类型中,农田和森林表现为强碳汇,碳汇量分别为-0.30PgCyr-1和-0.62PgCyr-1,低纬度的稀树草原表现为强碳源,碳源量为0.31PgCyr-1;2)北半球植被覆盖区的陆表碳通量显示了明显的季节变化规律,6月份生态系统碳吸收量最大,约为-2.08PgCmonth-1,而南半球的季节变化规律与北半球相反,表现为1月份生态系统碳吸收量最大,约为-0.37PgCmonth-1;3)北半球各纬度带的通量变化幅度大于南半球;4)北美洲、亚洲和南美洲表现为碳汇,非洲和澳大利亚表现为碳源。基于GOSAT数据集的分析结果与以往的研究结果基本一致,该数据集由GOSAT全球碳循环一体化模拟系统中的陆地生态系统模型(VISIT)反演而来,尽管该模型已经过优化,但也存在不确定性。  相似文献   

海水酸化会削弱鲨鱼的感官功能     

胡德良  Jennifer Balmer 《气候变化研究进展》2014,(5)

<正>一般说来,海洋肉食动物鲨鱼在很大程度上靠嗅觉寻找分散于广阔环境中的猎物。然而,研究人员不久前在Global Change Bilolgy杂志在线版上报道说:根据预测,随着全球海洋的变化,鲨鱼这种久经历练的捕猎能力可能会受到损害。由于人类活动释放到大气中的二氧化碳被海水吸收,海水的酸度变得越来越大。以前的研究表明,富含二氧化碳的酸性海水可能会削弱珊瑚礁鱼类嗅  相似文献   

The Soil Moisture and Net Primary Production Affected by CO_2 and Climate Change Using a Coupled Model          下载免费PDF全文

PENG Jing  DAN Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(4):269-274

In this paper, a coupled model was used to estimate the responses of soil moisture and net primary production of vegetation （NPP） to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. The analysis uses three experiments simulated by the second-generation Earth System Model （CanESM2） of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis （CCCma）, which are part of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5）. The authors focus on the magnitude and evolution of responses in soil moisture and NPP using simulations modeled by CanESM, in which the individual effects of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change and their combined effect are separately accounted for. When considering only the single effect of climate change, the soil moisture and NPP have a linear trend of 0.03 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and-0.14 gC m^- 2 yr^-2, respec- tively. However, such a reduction in the global NPP results from the decrease of NPP at lower latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, although increased NPP has been shown in high northern latitudes. The largest negative trend is located in the Amazon basin at -1.79 gC m^-2 yr^-2. For the individual effect of increasing CO2 concentration, both soil moisture and NPP show increases, with an elevated linear trend of 0.02 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and 0.84 gC m^-2 yr^-2, respectively. Most regions show an increasing NPP, except Alaska. For the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, the increased soil moisture and NPP exhibit a linear trend of 0.04 kg m^2 yr^-1 and 0.83 gC m^2 yr^-2 at a global scale. In the Amazon basin, the higher reduction in soil moisture is illustrated by the model, with a linear trend of-0.39 kg m^-2 yr^-1, for the combined effect. Such a change in soil moisture is caused by a weakened Walker circulation simulated by this coupled model, compared with the single effect of increasing CO2 concentration （experiment M2）, and a consequence of the reduction in NPP is also shown in this area, with a linear trend of-  相似文献   

Verifying Fossil-Fuel Carbon Dioxide Emissions Forecasted by an Artificial Neural Network with the GEOS-Chem Model          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yi-Nan  Lü Da-Ren  LI Qian  PAN Yu-Bing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):377-381

In this study, the authors developed an en- semble of Elman neural networks to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil-fuel emissions （ff） in 2009. The authors built and trained 29 Elman neural net- works based on the monthly average grid emission data （1979-2008） from different geographical regions. A three-dimensional global chemical transport model, God- dard Earth Observing System （GEOS）-Chem, was applied to verify the effectiveness of the networks. The results showed that the networks captured the annual increasing trend and interannual variation of ff well. The difference between the simulations with the original and predicted ff ranged from -1 ppmv to 1 ppmv globally. Meanwhile, the authors evaluated the observed and simulated north-south gradient of the atmospheric CO2 concentrations near the surface. The two simulated gradients appeared to have a similar changing pattern to the observations, with a slightly higher background CO2 concentration, - 1 ppmv. The results indicate that the Elman neural network is a useful tool for better understanding the spatial and tem- poral distribution of the atmospheric C02 concentration and ft.  相似文献   

东亚大气热源的气候学特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗凝谊  周加红  方敏 《高原山地气象研究》2014,(4):83-87

利用1948~2008年共61年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对全球的大气热源(汇)统计处理,采用经验正交函数分解方法、气候态平均分析方法,分析了东亚地区的大气热源、热汇的基本气候特征,对61年来东亚地区大气热源热汇各月,各季节的气候态分析,并从全球的大气热源、热汇剖面分析中了解了其变化规律。揭示了全球大范围的大气热源区主要分布在南亚—热带印度洋—热带太平洋的中部和西部两侧、南美洲的赤道及其南侧地区一带,并得出其变化的平均趋势;0~60°N,每10个纬度带内热源、热汇的年变化不仅与全球纬向平均的热源、热汇年变化有非常大的差异,而且亚洲,青藏高原、东亚大陆、西太平洋地区6个平均纬度带之间的差异也非常明显。  相似文献   

Distributions and air-sea fluxes of CO₂ in the summer Bering Sea     

CHEN Liqi  GAO Zhongyong  SUN Heng  CHEN Baoshan  CAI Wei-jun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(6):1-8

The 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE–Arctic III) was carried out from July to September in 2008. The partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) in the atmosphere and in surface seawater were determined in the Bering Sea during July 11–27, 2008, and a large number of seawater samples were taken for total alkalinity(TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) analysis. The distributions of CO2 parameters in the Bering Sea and their controlling factors were discussed. The pCO2 values in surface seawater presented a drastic variation from 148 to 563 μatm(1 μatm = 1.013 25×10-1 Pa). The lowest pCO2 values were observed near the Bering Sea shelf break while the highest pCO2 existed at the western Bering Strait. The Bering Sea generally acts as a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in summer. The air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea shelf, slope, and basin were estimated at-9.4,-16.3, and-5.1 mmol/(m2·d), respectively. The annual uptake of CO2 was about 34 Tg C in the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

原生矿物组分对CO_2地质储存地球化学过程的影响          下载免费PDF全文

岳高凡  许天福  王福刚  卜繁婷  杨冰 《水文地质工程地质》2014,(2):98-104

CO2的地质储存是迅速减少温室气体向大气排放最直接、最有效的方法之一,其封存量受很多因素影响,储层原生矿物组分是其中之一。本文以松辽盆地、美国墨西哥湾、日本Nagaoka场地资料为基础,对CO2矿物封存过程进行数值摸拟。结果表明:原生矿物组成及含量相差不大时,地球化学反应过程相似,原生矿物组成较为复杂时,地球化学反应过程也更复杂;在以石英、长石为主的砂岩储层中,长石和绿泥石是重要的溶解矿物,铁白云石和片钠铝石是主要的固碳矿物;CO2矿物封存量随着原生矿物中奥长石和绿泥石含量增加而增大,其中奥长石的影响更大。以上研究对CO2地质储存储层的选取有指导意义。  相似文献   

大气中磷化氢的源与汇及其形成机理     

李建兵  张桂玲  张经  刘素美  任景玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

研究天然环境中的磷化氢将会加深对磷的生物地球化学循环的认识,同时对于认识和解决当前环境中富营养化、生物除磷等问题提供一定的参考和帮助。通过对近30a相关研究工作的分析,介绍了大气中磷化氢的各种源与汇及磷化氢测定方法,阐述了磷化氢形成的热力学和微生物学机理,并探讨了磷化氢研究中存在源汇不全面、生物化学形成机理不清楚、水体样品检测方法、生态及其毒理效应等问题,这些问题也将是未来的研究重点。  相似文献   

林业应对气候变化作用和意义重大   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王祝雄 《今日国土》2009,(7):13-17

近年来,气候变化带来的不利影响逐渐引起国内外的广泛关注。2009年6月22日,首次召开的中央林业工作会议提出,必须把发展林业作为应对全球气候变化的战略选择。温家宝总理在会见与会代表时特别强调:"林业在应对气候变化中具有特殊地位。"作为生态环境的重要组成部分,森林与气候变化有着极其密切的关系。本刊特邀中国国土经济学会常务理事、全国中小城市生态环境建设实验区指导委员、国家林业局造林绿化管理司司长、全国绿化委员会办公室秘书长王祝雄撰写此文,介绍林业在应对气候变化领域的重大作用和意义。  相似文献