Geological Relationships Between the Intrusions,Country Rocks,and Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfides of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region:Implications for the Roles of Sulfide Differentiation and Metasomatism in Their Genesis     

Peter C. Lightfoot  ;Igor A. Zotov 《西北地质》2014,(1):1-35

The Ni-Cu-platinum group element sulfide ore deposits of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region,Siberia,represent a large concentration of sulfides associated with a small differentiated intrusion formed at the edge of the Siberian Craton in the roots of the Siberian Trap flood basalt.The deposit is associated with an intrusion that occupies a flanking periclinal structure adjacent to the Noril′sk-Kharaelakh Fault.The intrusion is strongly differentiated and comprises taxitic gabbrodolerites,picritic gabbrodolerites,and gabbrodolerites within the main body which in turn forms a chonolith within a sheet-like intrusion that extends laterally to form extensive undifferentiated sills of gabbrodolerite.The intrusion substantially replaces the stratigraphy of the country rocks,and although it appears to have exploited the axis of structures developed in response to transtension,the intrusion has created space by both mechanical dilation of stratigraphy and magmatic replacement of pre-existing sedimentary rocks.The frontal lobes of the main intrusion have complex apophyses of gabrodolerite on a range of scales that demonstrate replacement of the sedimentary rocks and link to the development of an extensive metamorphic halo in the country rocks.This halo is much narrower over the main body of the intrusion,and these observations have implications for the thermal history of the intrusion.Mg-skarns and breccias are developed in the roof of the main body of the intrusion.Within the intrusion,the taxitic rocks contain vesicles and the blebby sulfides developed in the picritic and taxitic gabbrodolerites appear to have a linkage to volatile phases.Cuprous sulfide mineralization developed at the roof of the Kharaelakh Intrusion is associated with metamorphosed and skarn-bearing country rocks,and appears to have been generated by a combination of sulfide fractionation and associated metasomatism.The geological relationships appear consistent with a chonolith model for the development of the differentiated intrusion and mineralization,but the extent of metasmorphism of the country rocks appears to be related to the unusual thickness of gabbrodolerite apophyses at the flanks of the intrusion rather than metamorphism produced by the passage of mafic magma through the intrusion.Variations in disseminated sulfide compositions and metasomatic textures in the skarns are described,and a model is proposed which balances traditional views on the evolution of the magma conduits with the impact of magmatic fluids transported through the magma column(i.e.transmagmatic fluids).The importance of structures in controlling the nature of the conduit,and the resultant small intrusions with excess sulfide is a feature of many other Ni-Cu sulfide deposits including Voisey′s Bay,and it is suggested that the sulfides are more likely to have beentransported from depth into their final resting place rather than developed by in-situ equilibration of sulfide with fresh magma in the chonolith.  相似文献   

Magmatic activity and its geological significance in Early Jurassic in Mangui area of Inner Mongolia     

LI Zhonghui  LI Yang  LI Ruijie  LI Kai 《中国地质调查》2014,7(5):54-65

By investigating the U-Pb zircon isotope geochronology and petrogochemistry of the major magmatic rocks in Mangui area, the authors in this paper discussed the forming era, tectonic background and geological significance. A large amount of intrusive rocks and a small amount of medium-acid volcanic rocks in Early Jurassic were found in this area. U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS method shows that the ages are from (199±1)Ma to (184±1)Ma and the rock types can be divided into fine-medium-grained quartz diorite, medium-grained granodiorite, fine-medium-grained monzogranite, medium-fine-grained macrophenocryst monzogranite, rhyolite, dacite and andesite, which didn’t ouur in Neoprotezoic-Paleozoic period as previous researchers thought, revealing the tectonic and magmatic activities during the Early Mesozoic period. The geochemical results show that the rocks are Ⅰ-type magmatic rocks of subluminous-peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series. The fractionation between light and heavy rare-erath elements((La/Yb)_N= 3.42~32.96) and the Eu depletion degree is not complied with the evaluation from basic to acidic. The large ion lithophile element Ba is relatively rich and Rb, Sr are relatively delicient. The high field strength elements Th and U are relatively rich and Nb, Ti, Y are relatively deficient. The magma origin and tectonic setting show that quartz diorite and medium-fine-grained macrophenocryst monzogranite come from crust-mantle mixed magma, while the medium-acid volcanic rocks, granodiorite and fine-medium-grained monzogranite are from the partial melting of crustal materials, whose formation is connected with the evolution of Mongol-Okhotsk Suture Zone. The geology and geochemistry of the Early Mesozoic magmatic rocks indicate that the middle part of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean might begin subduction at the end of the middle Triassic and close the Early Jurassic. The peak collision might take place at the Early Jurassic, not in the Late Triassic as previous thought. The Mohe over-thrust nappe system might form in the remote effect of southward extrusion during the closing process of the eastem part of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. The middle and eastern Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean closing age is of great importance to reveal the basin-range tectonic formation during the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous in Northeast China.  相似文献   

中国东北地区中生代构造体制的转变:来自火山岩时空分布与岩石组合的制约   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

孟凡超  刘嘉麒  崔岩  高金亮  刘祥  童英 《岩石学报》2014,30(12):3569-3586

东北地区中生代经历了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造体系向太平洋构造体系的转换,形成了不同期次火山活动。本文归纳总结了露头区与覆盖区中生代火山岩的年代学、空间分布、岩石组合以及地球化学特征,揭示了两个构造域的时空分布范围。该区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄统计结果表明中生代存在五期火山活动:早-中侏罗世(190~160Ma)、晚侏罗世(160~145Ma)、早白垩世早期(145~120Ma)、早白垩世晚期(120~100Ma)、晚白垩世早期(100~90Ma)。早-中侏罗世火山岩分布较少,火山岩仅分布在大兴安岭西部满洲里地区和东部张广才岭以及南侧辽宁北票-朝阳地区,火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合和法拉隆板块双俯冲作用的产物。晚侏罗世东北地区火山活动明显增强,主要分布在大兴安岭地区,张广才岭以及小兴安岭也有少量分布。西部大兴安岭地区以粗面安山岩、粗面岩为主,属于同碰撞造山成因,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山环境产物。东部以中酸性、酸性岩为主,为法拉隆板块背离欧亚大陆,岩石圈伸展引起的壳源物质熔融产物。早白垩世早期火山活动最为强烈,火山岩主要分布在大兴安岭地区。岩性以高钾钙碱性系列的粗面玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、粗面岩为主,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山后伸展环境产物。早白垩世晚期火山岩主要分布在松辽盆地内部。火山岩以中酸性岩为主,属于中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,为伊泽奈崎板块俯冲引起的弧后拉张,软流圈上涌导致年轻地壳熔融的产物。晚白垩世早期火山岩仅分布在小兴安岭及吉林、黑龙江省东部地区。火山岩为一套玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩组合,属于中钾钙碱性系列,是伊泽奈崎-库拉板块高角度俯冲的大陆边缘岩浆活动产物。东北地区中生代不同期次火山岩记录了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域向太平洋构造域转换过程及其时空影响范围。  相似文献   

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿田成矿条件、岩浆通道与成矿潜力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

秦克章田 野姚卓森  王勇 毛亚晶  王斌 薛胜超  唐冬梅康 珍 《中国地质》2014,41(3):912-935

位于中亚造山带北缘的喀拉通克早二叠世铜镍硫化物矿区是新疆规模最大的铜镍矿山,包含13个岩体,相当部分为隐伏岩体,其中1号、2号、3号、9号矿床为主力矿床,经过30余年持续开发,最大开采深度已达740 m,已面临后备资源不足的危机。已知矿体主要产于辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长苏长岩以及橄榄苏长岩中,甚至角闪辉长岩局部也含矿,未见超镁铁岩产出,具有显著的磁性(200 nT)、重力(0.29×10~(-5)m/s~2)、激化率异常,以镁铁岩含矿、岩体规模小且成群成带、分异演化程度高、富铜(Cu/Ni约3:2)、PGE较高、块状硫化物贯入矿体普遍发育为特色。其围岩为含炭质板岩、片岩和凝灰岩,变形强烈,常规电法受到炭质层的干扰。依据岩石学、地球化学研究,岩浆源于软流圈地幔,基于与东天山同期铜镍矿床含矿岩相及其比例和剩余重力异常的比较,推断其应发育有相当比例的超镁铁岩,因而深部出现超基性岩的可能性很高,且含矿性应更好。这一推断得到坑道钻探的证实,2013年矿区在Y2岩体东段650~740 m深度和Y2岩体西段400~500 m深度发现隐伏超镁铁岩且含矿,局部见贯入块状矿体。橄榄辉石岩、辉石橄榄岩系矿区首次发现,粒度很细,发育强烈的蛇纹石化、纤闪石化,推测只是隐伏超基性岩的头部。结合控岩控矿构造的追溯及南、北岩带的侧伏和倾伏方向判断,硫化物珠滴构造的发现与系统观测统计,围岩烘烤边和角岩化的研究分析,提出南岩带主岩浆通道位于Y2与Y3岩体之间,而不是原普遍认为的岩浆通道位于Y1与Y2岩体之间。结合矿区的现状,提出采用高分辨率浅层地震、CSAMT和瞬变电磁地-井测量,结合传统的高精度重力勘探、磁法勘探和激发极化法来勘探和预测南岩带深部隐伏含矿超镁铁岩的空间位置和产状,圈定岩浆通道和隐伏铜镍矿体,进而推动北岩带和外围G21、22号岩体的深部探矿工作。  相似文献   

库牙克断裂的特征与演化     

柴金钟  魏云峰 《华北国土资源》2007,(3)

前人对阿尔金断裂研究较多,而对其西南延伸部分库牙克-龙木错一段涉及较少.库牙克断裂经历了韧性右行走滑、脆性左行走滑作用和堑垒式正断层三个主要变形阶段.断裂北东向斜切昆仑造山带,二叠纪末在造山带中形成北东向右行韧性剪切带;新近纪初期表现为较大规模的左行走滑,使断裂两侧造山带地质体和构造形迹左行位移80 km左右.  相似文献   

水面菲涅尔反射对~761 nm叶绿素荧光估算的影响     

温颜沙  邓建明  毛志华  石静  周杨  鲁婷  陆应诚 《遥感学报》2018,22(3):424-431

叶绿素荧光是光合作用的有效探针,可用于海洋浮游植物的监测与定量评估。太阳诱导叶绿素荧光覆盖可见光—近红外650—800 nm,在～685 nm与～740 nm表现出两个形态不同的荧光峰特征。基于～685 nm荧光峰的叶绿素浓度反演算法较为成熟,但在高悬浮物和高叶绿素浓度的水体中,算法的有效性不足。基于叶绿素荧光在氧气吸收谱段(O2-A)的填充作用,水体遥感反射率光谱～761 nm峰值中包含有太阳诱导叶绿素荧光信号,能用于水体叶绿素浓度的估算,但该反射峰形态特征还取决于传感器的光谱分辨率。本研究基于不同光谱分辨率的大气吸收谱线特征,模拟了水体遥感反射率光谱(750—775 nm)上太阳诱导叶绿素荧光的信号响应特征;分析了利用遥感反射率(～761 nm)计算叶绿素荧光的原理,阐明了不同光谱分辨率条件下水体叶绿素荧光信号在反射光谱上的形态变化规律。采用水面以上测量法获取的离水光谱辐亮度,包含了水面的菲涅尔反射信号,由于真实的菲涅尔系数难以准确测量,这给基于～761 nm处遥感反射率峰值的荧光信号估算带来不确定性影响。研究表明,假定菲涅尔系数为0时,虽然～761 nm叶绿素荧光信号与其浓度具有较好的线性统计关系,但却带来较大的不确定性;这种不确定的影响,在低浓度叶绿素水体中表现明显,在高浓度叶绿素水体中,影响相对较小;准确估算菲涅尔系数,有助于减少这种不确定性影响。对基于遥感反射率～761 nm叶绿素荧光信号的深入探讨,将能推动未来水体叶绿素荧光的识别与利用。  相似文献   

黑龙江塔溪地区中侏罗世侵入岩地球化学特征、成因及构造环境     

杨文鹏  李成禄  杨元江  符安宗  郑博  周腾飞  赵瑞君 《现代地质》2023,(2):390-403

为丰富对兴蒙造山带东端中生代构造背景的认识,选取贺根山—嫩江—黑河构造带内塔溪地区的石英二长岩、石英闪长岩及石英正长岩开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,石英闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为(167.2±1.3) Ma,形成于中侏罗世。根据微量元素地球化学特征可将塔溪地区侵入岩划分为高Sr型和低Sr型两类,早期侵入的石英闪长岩为高Sr型,晚期侵入的石英二长岩和石英正长岩为低Sr型。高Sr型与低Sr型侵入体在主量、微量和稀土元素特征上均存在明显差异,具有类似I型和A型花岗岩的过渡特征,属复合型侵入岩体。该侵入岩体的形成与中生代强烈的陆内伸展造山和蒙古—鄂霍次克洋与法拉隆板块的双向俯冲闭合过程有关,是地壳在挤压增厚向伸展减薄转变的背景下,软流圈地幔上隆及玄武质岩浆底侵于下地壳并混染地壳物质部分熔融的产物。塔溪地区侵入岩体的存在,表明中侏罗世期间存在一次重要的地壳挤压增厚向伸展减薄转换事件,同时其形成时代也限定了蒙古—鄂霍次克洋东段的闭合时间应为中侏罗世。  相似文献   

蒙古—鄂霍次克洋早侏罗世构造演化：来自大兴安岭北段新立屯地区花岗岩的证据     

张国宾  孔金贵  吴子杰  冯玥  何云龙  陈兴凯 《现代地质》2023,(2):404-418

大兴安岭地区显生宙花岗岩极其发育,本文选择大兴安岭北段新立屯地区花岗岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和地球化学研究,对比了大兴安岭北段晚中生代花岗岩的地球化学特征,旨在查明其成岩时代和岩石成因,并探讨其构造意义。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,中细粒二长花岗岩和中细粒花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄分别为(187.2±2.3) Ma和(192.4±1.6) Ma,成岩时代为早侏罗世。岩石地球化学结果显示,新立屯地区早侏罗世花岗岩具有富硅、高碱、富钾、贫镁、低磷、低钛和较低的^TFeO/MgO比值等特征,富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,富集Rb、Ba、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti元素,负铕异常不明显,P₂O₅和Al₂O₃含量随SiO₂的增加而降低,显示出中等分异I型花岗岩的特征。岩石学及地球化学特征表明,其岩浆来源于壳幔混合源区。结合区域构造演化及构造判别,认为研究区早侏罗花岗岩形成于同碰撞火山弧花岗岩构造背景,与蒙古—鄂霍...  相似文献   

西拉木伦构造带克德河砂砾岩的时代及构造意义     

郑月娟  张德军  张海华  张健  陈树旺  甄甄 《地质学报》2023,97(8):2459-2475

西拉木伦构造带北部双井地区发育一套巨厚的、成熟度低的快速堆积的粗碎屑沉积建造,为同造山磨拉石沉积,前人称其为克德河砂砾岩带并将其时代分别划为中二叠世(哲斯组)、晚二叠世(林西组)。本次工作对该套地层进行了大比例尺剖面测量,对取自剖面第下、中、上(1、25、86层)三个部分的砂岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,结果显示：3个样品具有相似的主要年龄区间,依次为405-485Ma、401-463Ma、363-520Ma,其峰值年龄分别为427Ma、445Ma、440Ma,锆石数量分别占总量的48％、52.5％和38.75％;其次为大于1000Ma的年龄,锆石数量分别占30.7%、22.5%、45%,且均具有1800Ma和2500Ma左右的峰值年龄,明显具有华北板块基底年龄信息;自下而上3个测年样品最年轻峰值年龄分别为312Ma、376Ma,282Ma,最年轻的锆石年龄分别为304Ma、244Ma和245Ma。在第85层杂色复成分砾岩的灰岩砾石中发现晚石炭－早二叠世阿木山组的蜓和珊瑚化石,在41及43层发现中生代孢粉化石。综合碎屑锆石测年及生物化石研究结果,克德河砂砾岩带的时代应为中三叠世。推测西拉木伦构造带经历了一个较长的演化过程,中二叠世开始华北板块和西伯利亚板块进入碰撞造山阶段, 同造山磨拉石建造(克德河砂砾岩带)标志着中亚造山带演化的终止,华北板块和西伯利亚板块的碰撞拼合造山一直延续到中三叠世才结束。  相似文献   

北极加克洋中脊85°E区爆炸式火山活动特征：JASMInE航次调查初步结果     

王涵林  王叶剑  杨驰  严睿哲  鲁江姑  刘吉强  杨春国  张涛  丁巍伟 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):107-108

  相似文献