“第34届国际水文地质大会”即将在京召开     

钟立勋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(3):79-79

水文地质学作为与国民经济发展密切相关的应用学科，在世界各国水资源调查、保护和管理方面发挥着重要的支撑作用。2006年是国际水文地质学家协会（IAH）成立五十周年。因此，2006年10月09日-2006年10月13日国际水文地质学家协会和中国国土资源部将在北京市联合举办“第34届国际水文地质大会”。这将是继1988年中国在桂林市成功举办“第21届国际水文地质大会”之后，再次在中国举办国际水文地质大会。  相似文献   

Possibility of degradation of phenylarsonic acid in the presence of ferrihydrite     

Yoko Shimamoto Yoshio Takahashi 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):114-114

Although inorganic species are predominant in natural systems, but there are many kinds of organoarsenic species such as methylated and phenylated arsenic compounds. Phenylarsonic acid （PA） is a degradation product of organoarsenics used for chemical warfare agents, which has been detected in well water at the disposal site of the agents in Japan. There are few reports studying behavior of PA in soil. In this study, PA was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite and its chemical forms were determined using high performance liquid chromatography connected to inductivity-coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS）. 100 mg/kg of PA was mixed with 0.03 g of 2-line ferrihydrite. For each suspension, pH was adjusted by HNO3 or NaOH. Each sample was incubated for more than 19 hours and the final pH was measured. After filtration, the chemical form of arsenic in the filtrate was measured using HPLC-ICP-MS. In addition, ferrihydrite separated by filtration was dissolved by 3 ml of 0.5 M HCI and the arsenic species in the solution was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS （column： Tosoh TSKgel SuperlC-AP, eluent： 0.01 M HNO3）. It was verified that PA is not degraded by heating in 0.5 M HCl solution. At pH 3.1, any arsenic compounds were not detected from the solution, because almost all arsenic species were adsorbed onto ferrihydrite at lower pH. At pH= 12, however, 7%-10% of inorganic arsenic was detected in the solution. In solid phase, there are some problems to determine the precise ratio of inorganic and organic species. When the solution includes Fe ion at 0.01 M level, the retention time of arsenic species drifted compared to those in standard solution, which makes it difficult to determine precisely the arsenic species adsorbed on ferrihydrite. Therefore, more study is needed to determine the ratio of inorganic and organic species in the system.  相似文献   

Overcoming flood and desiccation made by implementing artificial recharge toward absorption reservoir     

Teddy W. Sudinda Teddy 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):156-157

Flood and desiccation are perceived as two most critical and influential disasters which contradict between causes and consequences. Flood occurs when the water surface could no longer flow the whole water flow, thus, the water flooded. Contradicted to that, desiccation occurs when the water flow contains a low volume of water deposit, thus, the water requirement exceeds the available potential. That condition was caused by land utilization as the consequences due to the increased land requirement for housing or industrial needs. An attempt to overcome the flood, nowadays, is implemented mostly in a structural way, through building canals, implementing rivers normalization, building gateways or building flood control pump which are more directed toward the flood direction in order to increase the surface flow in an immediate maner to the sea. However, the effort to overcome the flood its self, could be more effective if followed by an effort to increase the soil ability to absorb natural recharge or artificial recharge or by refilling the water into the earth surface. Absorption reservoir used as one of technology alternatives （artificial recharge） could also be used to support the attempt to overcome flood and desiccation. Absorption reservoir is a dam which was designed according to the basic principles, such as the bottom surface of the reservoir that has a high permeability surface; the surface of the reservoir water is higher （higher aquifer） along with a high permeability, considering the availability of water source that has been absorbed and its quality; considering the aquifer category on the water absorption dam;  相似文献   

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China     

Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.  相似文献   

Effect of particles on the photodegradation of PAHs in natural waters-A case study for the Yellow River     

Xinghui XIA 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):263-263

Photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene in natural water of the Yellow River was studied using simulation sunlight. The effects of particulates on the photodegradation were explored. Several results arose from this study. （1） The photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with first-order kinetics when no particulate exists in water system, and the first-order constant increases with decreasing of initial concentration of PAHs. The photodegradation rates of the three PAHs are related to their molecule absorption spectrum. （2） The existence of loess exerts two kinds of effects on the photodegradation of PAHs, including the inner filter effects and the photosensitizing effects of humic substance in loess. These two contrary effects lead to the difference of net effects among different contents of loess. When the loess contents are 0.1 and 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene. When the loess content is 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of benzo （g, h, i） perylene. In addition, the photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with the second-order kinetics when there is loess in the water system. （3） The soluble humic substances in loess can accelerate the photodegradation of PAHs while the in soluble part cannot. （4） Since the soluble humic substances in the suspended solids of the river have been dissolved in water,  相似文献   

Water chemical behavior at Yangtze （Changjiang） River estuary     

Sivaji Patra Congqiang LIU Siliang LI Fushun WANG Baoli WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):269-270

Geochemical cycling has received wide attention due to the need to understand the pathways of pollutants through our present environment. In this regard the Yangtze River plays a significant role in putting those pollutants into the East China SeafWorld Oceans. The Yangtze River is of high sedimentation rate and water discharge. The watershed covers variable climate regions from temperate to subtropical and from semiarid to humid. Twenty three （23） sampling locations at the estuary have been selected for understanding the dynamic relationships. The elements （Cl^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ca^2＋） show conservative behavior during mixing of fresh water with saline water whereas Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ show a non-conservative pattern . The relationships between Na^＋/SO4^2- and Cl^-/SO4^2- molar ratios show a mixing of more than two water sources.  相似文献   

吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储集层成岩作用研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

何玉平  刘招君  董清水  郭璇  张艳  窦磊 《古地理学报》2006,8(1):75-82

古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中，油气赋存的主要层位,储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析的资料研究了该储集层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储集层：成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解6方面的作用。双储集层中的自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化具有明显的特征：主要演化过程经历了蒙皂石渐变带，第一迅速转化带和第二迅速转化带，相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储集层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异，造成了储层物性的垂向分带。  相似文献   

赣东北金矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向     

胡金山  刘建春 《华东地质学院学报》2006,(Z1):60-66

赣东北地区金矿资源丰富,成矿地质背景优越,金矿床类型多样,有6类16型,其中主要工业类型为次火山斑岩型伴生金矿、韧性剪切带糜棱岩型金矿、剪切石英脉带蚀变岩型金矿和冲积型砂金矿。这四种工业类型中韧性剪切带糜棱岩型金矿和剪切石英脉带蚀变岩型金矿均有较好的勘查前景,尤以后者找矿潜力巨大。在叙述赣东北地区金矿成矿地质背景、金矿类型划分、金矿主要工业类型和典型金矿床实例的基础上,阐述了金矿成矿规律,提出了今后勘查的主攻矿床类型,找矿远景区,预测并指明了主要金矿类型的未来找矿潜力。为赣东北地区金矿的进一步勘查与开发,提供一些有益的参考和启示。  相似文献   

金、银等成矿元素的构造地球化学行为     

邓国辉  欧阳克贵  龙军军 《华东地质学院学报》2006,(Z1):149-153

扬子与华夏地块间发育一条近东西向展布的巨型板块缝合带—华南中部复合混杂岩带,由北东向、近东西向、北北东向三组方位的次级韧性剪切带分支、复合成“网格状”构造阵列。对其次级北东向剪切带(进贤—婺源韧性剪切带)进行的构造地球化学剖面研究发现从剪切带边部至中心,随着剪切程度的逐渐增强,金、铜元素含量逐渐增高,锌元素含量逐渐降低,铅、银元素含量变化不明显、略有降低的趋势;金元素有两个峰值点,一个出现在韧性剪切最强的糜棱岩中,另一个出现在叠加于早期韧性剪切糜棱岩化岩石之上的晚期脆性破裂张性构造角砾岩中,说明韧性剪切及叠加在韧性剪切之上的脆性破裂均有利于金的富集成矿,从而为赣东北地区寻找金矿指明了方向,并为金的成矿构造地球化学理论研究积累了新的素材。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地北部塔河油田奥陶系加里东期岩溶作用及其油气地质意义     

刘春燕  吴茂炳  巩固 《地质通报》2006,(10)

详细的钻井地质学、地球物理和地球化学研究表明,塔河油田南部奥陶系内部和顶部发育多幕次的加里东期岩溶作用,主要表现在奥陶系内部牙形石带缺失、钻井放空和泥浆漏失、地震剖面上奥陶统反射波组底部上超和项部削截,以及溶洞充填方解石的Sr同位素特征等方面.加里东期岩溶储层主要受不整合面、断裂、岩性和古地貌等因素控制,表现出明显的断控和层控特征.由此预测该储层发育区位于古风化壳剥蚀区、加里东期断裂发育区和滩相储层发育区的叠合部位,主要位于阿克库勒凸起的轴部倾没端和塔河西南部、东南部的北东向、近南北向断裂发育区.  相似文献