基于PROSAIL模型的广州市过渡带森林植被冠层可燃物含水率估算     

闻宏睿  国巧真  魏书精  曾宇怀  吴泽鹏  孙震辉 《热带地理》2023,(3):545-553

基于PROSAIL模型,结合野外实测叶片等水分厚度、干物质重量、叶面积指数数据,构建一种基于归一化红外指数和归一化干物质指数的植被冠层可燃物含水率估算方法。首先,在PROSAIL模型输入实测参数模拟植被冠层光谱曲线,计算归一化红外指数、归一化干物质指数用于叶片等水分厚度、干物质重量的反演。结果表明：归一化红外指数与叶片等水分厚度、归一化干物质指数与干物质重量存在明显的线性关系,基于该关系建立叶片等水分厚度、干物质重量的经验估算模型,经验证估算结果精度较高;将该经验模型推广至利用Landsat 8数据拟合植被冠层可燃物含水率,并与实测数据进行验证,结果显示R²达到0.743,RMSE达到34.2%,具有较高的精度。文章提出的植被冠层可燃物含水率估算模型,可实现广州市过渡带森林大面积、较高精度植被冠层可燃物含水率监测,为预防森林火灾提供参考。  相似文献   

Soil and vegetation seasonal changes in the grazing Andean Mountain grasslands     

MU?OZ María ángeles  FAZ ángel 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1123-1137

Andean grasslands ecosystems are fragile environments with rigorous climatologic conditions and low and variable food for the grazing. The Apolobamba area is located in the Bolivian Andean Mountains. Its high grasslands provide a natural habitat for wild and domestic camelids such as vicuna（Vicugna vicugna） and alpaca（Lama pacos）. The botanical diversity plays an essential role in maintaining vital ecosystem functions. The objectives of this research were to determine the seasonal changes in soil properties, to study the vegetation changes during the wet and dry seasons and the influence of soil properties and camelid densities on the vegetation in the Apolobamba grasslands. Four zones with different vicuna populations were selected to be studied. The following soil parameters were determined： total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, pH and texture. The vegetation season changes were studied through botanical identification, above-ground biomass, plant cover and species richness. Results showed that some soil properties such as C/N ratio, CEC, silt and clay percentages kept stable against the seasonal changes. Generally, soil nutrients were relatively higher during the dry season in the surface and subsurface. The results did not point out the predominant vegetation growth during the wet season. The seasonal vegetation growth depended on each species. Thegood soil fertility corresponded to the highest plant cover. Soil fertility presented no influence on the above-ground biomass of the collected species. The negative influence of camelid grazing on soil properties could not be assessed. However, overgrazing could affect some plant species. Therefore, protection is needed in order to preserve the biodiversity in the Andean mountain grasslands.  相似文献   

Species richness,diversity and density of understory vegetation along disturbance gradients in the Himalayan conifer forest     

Kesang WANGCHUK  András DARABANT  Prem Bahadur RAI  Maria WURZINGER  Werner ZOLLITSCH  Georg GRATZER 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1182-1191

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually affect tree regeneration. Managers intending to maintain understory vegetation diversity must consider the combined effects of grazing and logging, ensuring low to moderate grazing pressure.  相似文献   

云南剑川地区象鼻洞遗址孢粉组合和古环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张继效  王伟铭  高峰 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(4)

为了解云南剑川旧石器时代中晚期植被和气候变化特点以及当地环境与人类活动的关系,选取象鼻洞遗址各地层的13个土样进行孢粉分析。结果表明:该遗址堆积时期孢粉植物群以亚热带和温带成分为主,类型相对丰富,呈温暖期气候特征,但气候存在小的波动,呈现出早期温暖湿润、中期短暂干旱、晚期又逐渐暖湿的特点;木本植物花粉在孢粉总量中占绝对优势,说明当时人类活动对自然环境的影响不明显;可作为食物来源的植物很少,因此,当时居住在象鼻洞的人类主要食物应来源于捕捞或狩猎;对照邻近地区已有的研究成果,推测该遗址气候变化与季风活动有关。  相似文献   

陕西凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床成矿时代的Ar-Ar年龄证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王义天  李霞  王瑞廷  刘协鲁  胡乔青  李建华  王长安  汶博  温深文  王胜利 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(3)

丝毛岭金矿床位于陕西凤太多金属矿集区的西北部,产于NWW向脆-韧性剪切构造带中,矿体赋存于丝毛岭向斜北翼上泥盆统星红铺组的斑点状铁白云质粉砂质千枚岩。金矿化类型包括蚀变岩型和石英脉型两种,成矿过程可划分为早、中、晚3个阶段。对其早期成矿阶段热液蚀变形成的绢云母开展40 Ar/39 Ar测年研究,获得其坪年龄为(211.9±1.5)Ma,指示其成矿作用始于211.9Ma左右,即晚三叠世。结合前人有关区域地质与多金属成矿作用的研究成果,认为丝毛岭金矿床与凤太矿集区中的八卦庙-柴蚂、双王等金矿床一样,都属于造山型金矿床,它们是中、晚三叠世—早侏罗世时期位于东古特提斯构造域中的南秦岭碰撞造山带大规模构造-岩浆-流体活动的产物。  相似文献   

植被对水土流失防御作用的实验验证     

汪洋  杨晓恬  吴砚吟  夏芸  高盼  黄莉  郑静  叶根亚  卢晓旭  时倩 《地理教学》2014,(4):60-63

植被对水土流失具有防御作用。为了验证植被对水土流失防御作用的存在和其防御作用的大小,人工堆积了面积750cm2的有植被覆盖和无植被覆盖的两堆土体,采用人工模拟降水的方法进行实验,持续10分钟左右降水,降水量为25.9mm。称量相应环节水土重量,对水土流失量和水土流失率、涵蓄水源率进行计量。发现无植被覆盖的土体水土流失率为4%,植被全覆盖的土体未有明显的水土流失现象;依据两种计算方法得出的土壤涵蓄水源率,前者为36.8%和23.6%,后者为51.3%和32.0%。实验从定量的角度验证了植被对水土流失防御作用的存在,同时提供了有植被覆盖的区域土壤涵蓄水源能力有明显提高的数据。  相似文献   

遥感图像信息容量与植被指数的耦合关系研究     

李良军  王旭红  妙丹  申怡 《干旱区地理》2014,(2)

遥感信息容量能表征地表复杂度,为深入探究信息容量与植被之间关系,研究对植被盖度、NDVI、RVI等5种植被指数的均值、均方差与信息容量做了多种回归分析。结果表明:植被覆盖度均值、植被指数均方差与信息容量有明显相关性,其中植被盖度均方差与信息容量相关性最大,确定系数R~2为0.851 8;相关系数最大R~2为0.8642,说明遥感信息容量与植被指数、植被盖度之间有明显的相关性,证明了信息容量能有效地表征地表覆盖的变化。  相似文献   

米槠次生林内4种植物叶片DOM的数量和质量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康根丽  高人  杨玉盛  陈光水  杨智杰  司友涛 《福建地理》2014,(1):30-37

选取福建省三明市米槠次生林内的4种植物,即米槠(CAC),木荷(SCS),山杜英(ELS),芒萁(DID)为研究对象,对其叶片进行了室内淋溶处理,并分析了淋溶液中的可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量及pH值,芳香性指标(AI)和荧光效率指数(Feff)等,以揭示其淋溶液中可溶性有机质(DOM)的数量和质量特征。结果表明:4种植物叶片DOM含量总体随淋溶次数的增加逐渐减小,其中首次淋溶后淋溶液中的DOC和DON含量最大,分别占总淋溶量的平均值为67.90%和44.51%;淋溶液中前3次DOC和DON淋溶量总和分别占10次淋溶总量的87.40%~94.77%和68.46%~72.49%;且前3次淋溶次数间呈极显著差异(P0.01),其后差异性不显著。DOM的pH值和光谱指标随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐上升.总体上乔木树种DOM的数量和质量比林下植被要高,这是由于乔木树种的DOM含有更多的养分和芳香类和腐殖化的高分子量化合物,而林下植被的DOM含有较多低分子量化合物和易分解组分。  相似文献   

东天山企鹅山群火山岩地球化学特征及对古亚洲洋构造演化的指示意义     

齐文涛  木合塔尔·扎日  尼加提·阿布都逊  吴兆宁  傅雪海 《干旱区地理》2014,(6)

研究了东天山企鹅山群火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征。结果显示:火山岩Si O2含量介于47.75%~57.78%,Al2O3含量为17.92%~19.88%,Mg O含量为3.96%~6.46%,Mg#值介于52.16~58.20,属于亚碱性系列;微量元素分析表明,火山岩轻稀土元素(LREE)富集、重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损、轻重稀土元素分馏较强,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损高场强元素。Sr-Nd同位素组成表明,火山岩ISr(t)变化范围为0.702 386~0.704 264,εNd(t)变化范围为5.61~8.66。地球化学研究表明,企鹅山群火山岩可能源于长期亏损的地幔,而且含有洋中脊和火山弧的物质成分,是软流圈地幔熔体和被俯冲板片流体/熔体交代过的岩石圈地幔楔熔体的混合物。企鹅山群火山岩的母体可能形成于不同的时期和不同的大地构造位置,是板块碰撞后洋脊和火山弧物质在一狭长地带上的混杂堆积。结合前人研究成果,认为企鹅山群火山岩属于古亚洲洋南缘洋壳向北俯冲消减作用的产物,这为古亚洲洋南缘古生代构造演化研究提供了约束。  相似文献   

北极新奥尔松Austre Lovénbreen冰川退缩迹地不同演替阶段的植物组成与植被群落特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

姚轶锋  曹叔楠  彭方  李承森 《极地研究》2014,26(3):362-368

为开展新奥尔松地区苔原植物生长和植被演替对冰川退缩响应的研究,在Austre Lovénbreen冰川(简称A冰川)前沿不同年代冰缘线附近布设了植被样方,调查了样方内植物组成与群落结构。结果表明:(1)A冰川1990年冰缘线代表植被演替的初始阶段,样方内仅出现先锋植物挪威虎耳草(Saxifraga oppositifolia);(2)1936年冰缘线代表冰川退缩长达75年后植被发育的情况,样方内植物种类和个体数明显增多,植被群落以木本植物极柳(Salix polaris)和草本植物黄葶苈(Draba bellii)为主,地衣以寒生肉疣衣(Ochrolechia frigida)和鸡皮衣(Pertusaria sp.)等壳状地衣为主;(3)随着冰川迹地形成时间更长,植被趋向成熟阶段发展,样方内极柳占绝对优势,地衣的物种多样性和盖度显著增加,出现雪黄岛衣(Flavocetraria nivalis)和刺岛衣(Cetraria aculeata)等叶状地衣。初步结果表明冰川退缩迹地上的物种更替明显,群落结构发生着显著变化。  相似文献