椭圆等面积伪圆柱投影族及其应用     

孙卫新  吕晓华  王永岗  李俊超 《测绘科学》2014,(5):142-145

椭圆等面积伪圆柱投影在中高纬度与远离中央经线地区角度变形较大是限制该投影应用的主要原因,因此改善角度变形是该投影研究的重点。本文根据椭圆等面积伪圆柱投影的原理,进一步完善了椭圆等面积伪圆柱投影族公式,并依此求得经线投影为椭圆中心不在坐标原点的非标准椭圆等面积伪圆柱投影,通过该投影与投影族中其他常用投影的变形对比,表明该投影的角度变形得到了改善;最后对该投影在我国世界全图数学基础设计中的适用性进行了分析。  相似文献   

锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马颖  贡金鑫  赵顺波 《地震学刊》2011,(2):152-159

对不同锈蚀程度的钢筋混凝土圆柱进行低周反复试验,研究了不同轴压比下的钢筋锈蚀率对钢筋混凝土圆柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度、延性及耗能能力的影响;给出了试件累积耗能、屈服荷载、极限荷载、荷载最大值和位移延性系数与钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的关系。研究表明,随着钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的增大,试件的滞回曲线趋于干瘪,骨架曲线下降段变陡,试件的刚度、延性和耗能能力减小。  相似文献   

基于状态相关本构模型的砂土非共轴特性模拟     

《岩土力学》2017,(7):1959-1966

基于屈服面角点非共轴理论中采用Gram-Schmit正交化方法,提出了一种新的非共轴本构模型。模型修正了原有的流动法则,其中非共轴流动方向被定义为将单位应力增量方向在参考主应力正交方向上的投影,同时与塑性标量因子相关联。另外,根据广义应力的状态下的剪胀方程推导了一种新的塑性函数形式。以状态相关砂土模型为基本模型,分别采用新的非共轴模型和未修正的模型模拟了Toyoura砂的空心圆柱单剪试验和空心圆柱扭剪试验,将模型模拟的结果与试验数据进行对比,结果表明,新非共轴模型能更为合理地反映试验中非共轴现象及其变化规律,特别是固定主应力轴方向的单调剪切试验。  相似文献   

原状海洋土动泊松比的试验研究     

潘华  陈国兴  孙田 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):346-0350

利用空心圆柱扭剪（HCA）仪,针对原状海洋粉质黏土,通过循环三轴及循环扭剪试验,得出相应的杨氏模量、剪切模量和动泊松比,探讨了有效固结围压、固结应力比对动泊松比的影响。试验结果表明：土体的动泊松比随着广义剪应变的增大而增大;有效固结围压、固结应力比均对动泊松比有显著的影响,动泊松比随着有效固结围压、固结应力的增大而逐渐减少;且随着广义剪应变的增大,两者对动泊松比的影响减小,当广义剪应变增大到1.8×10-2左右,试验终止,此时土体动泊松比约为0.48。试验中未出现动泊松比大于0.5的现象,说明土体未出现剪胀现象,试验所采用的粉质黏土在循环荷载作用下具有较好的稳定性  相似文献   

三维随机波浪对桩柱的作用   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

俞聿修  张宁川  赵群 《海洋学报》1998,20(4):121-132

试验研究了三维随机波浪作用于垂直圆柱上的作用力.采用二维波浪的方法计算三维波浪力,研究了各波力系数随ＫＣ数和波浪方向分布的变化规律,并对三维波力和二维波力进行了对比分析.  相似文献   

关于裂纹柱壳韧性断裂的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵耀 《海洋工程》1999,17(2):10-16

本文基于实验结果,利用壳单元有限元方法,对周向壁穿裂纹圆柱壳在不同初始裂纹长度条件下的弯曲韧性断裂进行了模拟,计算了裂纹尖端张开位移（ＣＴＯＤ）的裂纹起裂临界值以及裂纹连续扩展条件下裂纹尖端张开角度（ＣＴＯＡ）Ｒ曲线,考察了这些断裂参数作为材料特性的适用性。  相似文献   

应力主轴往返旋转条件下砂土变形规律试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘超  张建民 《地震工程学报》2017,39(1):28-31

在已有空心圆柱扭剪仪上开发新的控制模块,实现应力主轴以任意初始方向角开始并以任意角度幅值进行往返旋转。在此基础上,对丰浦砂开展系列应力主轴往返旋转试验。试验结果表明:1应力主轴往返旋转角度幅值和初始主应力方向角均对砂土变形有不可忽视的影响;2不同于应力主轴连续循环旋转的情形,应力主轴往返旋转时砂土由于"楔入效应"可能出现体胀。  相似文献   

不同来流条件下四圆柱尾流场试验研究     

高洋洋  蘧鑫晨  杨康  张宝峰 《海洋工程》2018,36(6):84-91

基于粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对小间距比比L/D=1.5工况下方形布置四圆柱在不同来流角角α(α=0°、15°、30°、45°)条件下的尾流流场特性进行了试验研究,分析了不同来流角度条件下四圆柱瞬时和时均尾流流场特征,获得了瞬时和时均速度矢量、涡量等值线、流线拓扑及雷诺应力分布随来流角度变化的规律。试验结果表明,来流角度对方形布置四圆柱尾流形态有显著影响。四圆柱瞬时尾流形态随来流角度增大可分为延伸体流动流态(α=0°)、尾流剪切层附着流态(α=15°、30°)及尾流剪切层共同脱落流态(α=45°)三种流态。当来流角度增大时,四圆柱下游断面平均流向速度分布由"W"形向"U"形转变,时均雷诺正应力及雷诺剪切应力等值线分布特征也会发生明显改变。  相似文献   

Physical Modeling and Parametric Study on Two-Degree-of-Freedom VIV of A Cylinder near Rigid Wall     

杨兵  高福平  李东晖  吴应湘 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(1)

Unlike most previous studies on the transverse vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a cylinder mainly under the wallfree condition (Williamson & Govardhan,2004),this paper experimentally investigates the vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall exposed to steady flow.The amplitude and frequency responses of the cylinder are discussed.The lee wake flow patterns of the cylinder undergoing VIV were visualized by employing the hydrogen bubble technique.The effects of the gap-to-diameter ratio (e0/D) and the mass ratio on the vibration amplitude and frequency are analyzed.Comparisons of VIV response of the cylinder are made between one degree (only transverse) and two degrees of freedom (streamwise and transverse) and those between the present study and previous ones.The experimental observation indicates that there are two types of streamwise vibration,i.e.the first streamwise vibration (FSV) with small amplitude and the second streamwise vibration (SSV) which coexists with transverse vibration.The vortex shedding pattem for the FSV is approximately symmetric and that for the SSV is alternate.The first streamwise vibration tends to disappear with the decrease of e0/D.For the case of large gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.54～1.58),the maximum amplitudes of the second streamwise vibration and transverse one increase with the increasing gapto-diameter ratio.But for the case of small gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.16,0.23),the vibration amplitude of the cylinder increases slowly at the initial stage (i.e.at small reduced velocity V,),and across the maximum amplitude it decreases quickly at the last stage (i.e.at large Vr).Within the range ofthe examined small mass ratio (m＜4),both streamwise and transverse vibration amplitude of the cylinder decrease with the increase of mass ratio for the fixed value of V,.The vibration range (in terms of Vr ) tends to widen with the decrease of the mass ratio.In the second streamwise vibration region,the vibration frequency of the cylinder with a small mass ratio (e.g.mx = 1.44) undergoes a jump at a certain Vr,.The maximum amplitudes of the transverse vibration for two-degree-of-freedom case is larger than that for one-degree-of-freedom case,but the transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with two degrees of freedom is lower than that with one degree of freedom (transverse).  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Self-Excited and Forced Vibration of Circular Cylinders in Current   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何长江  段忠东  欧进萍 《中国海洋工程》2010,24(1):135-144

Numerical simulations of a low-mass-damping circular cylinder which can oscillate freely at transverse and streamwise directions are presented in this work.The Navier-Stokes equations are solved with finite volume method,and large eddy simulation of vortex is also performed in the calculation.In order to implement dynamic mesh,overlapping grids are generated to lessen the computation for mesh field itself.Self-excited vibrations are firstly calculated to obtain the average amplitudes and frequencies of the target circular cylinder in the current flow situation,and then forced oscillations are implemented with parameters obtained in vortex-induced vibrations previously.With slight amplitude modulation,time series of displacements in vortex-induced vibrations are essentially harmonic.Regarding the fluid force,which are larger in forced oscillations than those in corresponding self-excited cases because the fluid subtracts energy from the forced cylinders.The phase angles between forces and displacements are 0° and 180° for self-excited case and forced case respectively.In vortex-induced vibrations,the interactions between fluid and structure produce some weakly energetic vortices which induce the modulations of amplitude and frequency.  相似文献