Managing Soil Erosion Potential by Integrating Digital Elevation Models with the Southern China＇s Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation——A Case Study for the West Lake Scenic Spots Area of Hangzhou, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Weiwu 《山地科学学报》2007,4(3):237-247

In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.  相似文献   

为了人民的安康——中国开展农业地质环境大调查——带毒的土地：不愿看到的现实     

石山 《国土资源》2004,(1):10-14

国以民为本。21世纪头20年中国要建成全面小康社会，小康社会的标准很多，经济状态，人均GDP，教育和科技水平，人均寿命和健康程度，生态环境，人和自然的亲和度，等等，这些标准构成一个社会发展准则，就是“以人为本”。  相似文献   

一种状态区间取值修正的灰色-马尔科夫链预测模型研究     

冯源  业明达 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(4):65-68

提出了一种对灰色-马尔科夫链预测模型的状态区间取值修正方法.考虑实测值在状态区间中的位置分布情况作为先验知识,对状态区间的端点重新定权,修正预测值在状态区间中的取值,从而获得更高精度的预测结果.结合某建筑物的实测沉降数据,与原始GM(1,1)、残差修正G M(1,1)、灰色-马尔科夫链预测模型进行对比,结果表明:本文预测模型精度更高,状态区间取值修正方法对灰色-马尔科夫链的精度改善有一定的实用性.  相似文献   

悬链线法在水平定向钻轨迹设计中的应用探究     

杨先亢  兰海涛  遆仲森  马保松 《岩土钻凿工程》2010,(1):47-50

铝孔轨迹设计是非开挖水平定向钻施工中一项重要内容。其最优化设计在国内已较成熟,但多数优化设计未从力学方面进行优化设计。针对这一情况,引入悬链线法来优化水平定向钻轨迹设计。通过悬链线法的计算可知,优化后的轨迹不仅有利于降低钻杆回转阻力和扭矩消耗,提高机械钻速,增长管道使用年限,同时与传统设计方法相比较,其计算出的轨迹长度也比传统圆弧轨迹长度略短,表明了悬链线法在水平定向钻轨迹设计上具有一定的优势。  相似文献   

地理核心素养深度培育的向度：全情境、问题链与探究活动——以“水循环”为例     

冯慧宇 《地理教学》2023,(8):13-16

地理学科核心素养由浅层次的接触感知走向深度体验培育,需要构建与之相适配的教学模型。指向地理学科核心素养深度培育的教学模型有三个基本的向度：全情境、问题链和探究活动。本文以“水循环”为例,探讨了全情境的意义向度、问题链的认知向度和探究活动的实践向度下的教学设计过程,并分析了其在地理学科核心素养深度培育上的积极作用。  相似文献   

地名文化景观基因信息链与仿生模型构建——以南海诸岛地名为例     

王涛  武友德  李灿松  李君  陈长瑶  葛旭瑞  刘宇斯 《世界地理研究》2023,(10):28-40

地名作为一种既可悟又可视的文化景观,是地域文化在地表的凝结与保留,为了延续南海蓝色地名文化,以南海诸岛地名为例,基于景观基因理论在建立南海诸岛地名文化景观基因编码信息链和基因谱系的基础上,构建南海诸岛地名文化景观基因DNA双螺旋仿生模型。研究发现：(1)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因类似于时空演化下的“遗传”优势,表现为基因信息链上自然类基因与人文类基因的融合,凸显中国多元文化基因的优势;(2)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因谱系呈现独特的“琼人俗名”根性四维,印证了南海渔民在渔业生产和航海实践不断发展进程中海洋文化的赓续;(3)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因分长时性遗传形DNA、暂时性变异形DNA和韧性复合形DNA,显示了中国地名文化景观基因母链DNA在遗传和表达上“名从主人”的原则。本文研究可为南海诸岛地名文化景观基因信息有效传承和存储,以及维护中国领土主权完整与安全提供理论借鉴。  相似文献   

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZHOU Ping  WEN An-bang  YAN Dong-chun  SHI Zhong-lin  GUO Jin  JU Zhan-sheng  ZHANG Yi-lan 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):526-534

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.  相似文献   

Historical Sediment Record of ~(137)Cs, δ-HCH,and δ~(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion     

TANG Xiang-Yu  ;ZHANG Xin-Bao  ;GUAN Zhuo  ;LONG Yi  ;TANG Qiang  ;LU Yu-Juan 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):866-874

This paper reports the concentrations of 137 Cs, hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDT) and its main degradation products, δ13C, and organic carbon in pond sediments(0-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval) and surface soils(the 0-3 cm horizon) collected in 2010 from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, δ-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH(0.89-29.31 ng g-1) and p,p′-DDE(1.85-6.02 ng g-1) were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137 Cs fallout peak in 1963(corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth), the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989(an additional indicator at 20-25 cm), and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate(i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively)over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation(implementation of the Grain for Green Program), and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmland terraces to orchard land since the 1980 s, especially since the 1990 s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease(more negative) in δ13C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137 Cs, δ-HCH, and δ13C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.  相似文献   

Snake Model for the Extraction of Loess Shoulder-line from DEMs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YAN Shi-jiang  TANG Guo'an  LI Fa-yuan  ZHANG Lei 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1552-1559

Shoulder lines are the most important landform demarcations for geographical analysis,soil erosion modeling and land use planning in the Loess Plateau area of China.This paper proposes an automatic,effective and accurate method of determining loess shoulder line from DEMs by integrating a hydrological D8 algorithm and a snake model.The watershed boundary line is adopted as the initial contour which evolves to identify the exact position of loess shoulder-line by the guidance of an external force of snake model from DEMs.Experiments show that the method overcomes the difficulties in both threshold selection for edge detection and the disconnecting issues in former extraction approaches.The accuracy evaluation of shoulder-line maps from the two test sites of the loess plateau area show obvious improvements in the extraction.The average contour matching distance of the new method is 12.0 m on 5 m resolution DEM,and shows improvement in the accuracy and continuity.The comparisons of accuracy evaluations of the two test sites show that the snake model method performs better in the loess plain area than in the area with high gully density.  相似文献   

汶川地震引发的次生山地灾害链及人工断链效果——以小岗剑泥石流沟为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文鑫  王兆印  王旭昭  漆力健  何晓燕 《山地学报》2014,(3):336-344

汶川地震后,小岗剑沟由于滑坡、崩塌产生了大量松散物质,其地势陡峻,暴雨频率高,2009—2011年连续暴发10场泥石流,损毁公路,规模大时会堰塞绵远河,形成以频发性泥石流为主的典型地震次生山地灾害链。2012年完成泥石流治理工程,同年8月小岗剑沟再次发生泥石流,破坏了部分工程。以小岗剑沟为例,通过整理现场采集的图片和数据,并对比以往资料,研究次生山地灾害链链式反应过程以及经过工程治理后的灾害链人工断链效果。研究表明:小岗剑沟频发型次生灾害链的衰减不仅体现在引起下一级次生灾害的土石方量逐级减小上,而且体现在随时间变化的灾害激发条件提高上;虽然泥石流发生条件提高,但由于泥石流沟沟床不断被切深,小岗剑沟危险性随着可动势能增大而逐年增大,人工断链失败后,沟床再次下切,建议使用阶梯-深潭结构增加沟道阻力,保护沟道底部,避免可动势能继续增大;对比小岗剑沟、文家沟和红椿沟泥石流治理工程,发现灾害链总能量与投资正相关,要根据灾害能量进行合理投资,当能量到达一定量时,单位能量所需要的投资大幅度降低。  相似文献