天山南坡清水河流域径流过程对气候变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周京武  阿不力米提·阿不力克木  毛炜峄  焦梦婕  安曼榕  沈永平 《冰川冻土》2014,36(3)

干旱区的高山寒区水文过程对气候变化特别敏感,冰川、积雪和冻土变化产生的水文效应对下游水资源供给具有重要影响.以天山南坡清水河流域为研究区域,通过分析水文站径流变化,结合流域上游山区巴伦台的气象资料,研究了高寒流域在气候变化背景下径流过程的响应特征.结果表明:降水变化决定着径流过程,但气温上升对径流产生额外影响;气温变化产生的径流变化对径流产生延迟效应,冬季径流明显增加.南疆天山地区冬季积雪较少,产生的春季融水径流不明显;夏季降水和径流同期出现,使得高寒山区水文过程对固体降水变化不敏感;冻土退化产生的水文效应使冬季径流增加明显.为应对气候变化对水文过程产生的影响,应加强山区水库建设,通过工程措施调节,保障持续的水资源供给和利用.  相似文献   

三峡库区巴东地震(M_s5.1)成因机制及次声波信号          下载免费PDF全文

李献瑞  曾佐勋  周强  贺赤诚  刘江平  赵娟  潘黎黎 《地球科学》2014,39(12):1793-1806

2013年12月16日三峡库区巴东发生M_s5.1地震.根据eigen-6c2模型研究了巴东地区的8-638阶卫星重力异常, 结果表明: 该地区场源深度为10 km的地壳为局部重力低异常, 反映了该处物质密度较周围偏低, 形成低密度层.同时, 研究了该地区速度结构剖面, 结果表明: 巴东地区地壳5~9 km及10~15 km深处存在上下两个低速层, 上部低速层与水库渗水有关, 下部低速层与地幔热流体的上涌有关.低密度层和低速层的确定为韧性流变层的存在提供了证据.巴东地震是地壳深部能量的长期集聚与突发释放, 属构造地震.然而, 库水下渗引起的上部低速异常降低了断层活动的阈值, 震前库水载荷的变化对此次巴东地震的发生起到了触发作用.通过对比次声波和地震波, 我们得出次声波仪记录到的异常信号为本地次声波.   相似文献   

水库泥沙来源定量判别方法的判别能力对比     

牛百成  刘峰贵  周强  陈琼  柳本立 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):36-43

水库淤积问题是干旱、半干旱沙区水库面临的主要环境问题之一.物源定量判别法是识别水库泥沙来源的新兴手段,而筛选某一区域泥沙来源的最优判别方法是精准识别物源区的重要前提.选取党河水库作为研究对象,基于野外调查、室内分析、模型模拟等手段,对比分析了多组复合指纹法、最优复合指纹法和距离法在党河水库泥沙来源判别过程中的适用性.结...  相似文献   

基于DEM的两段法水库塌岸预测研究     

王小东  戴福初  黄志全 《工程地质学报》2016,24(1):35-43

根据两段法进行塌岸预测的基本原理,本文基于Microsoft Visual Studio编程平台和ArcGIS Engine地理信息系统二次开发组件完成两段法塌岸预测程序的实现,将两段法的应用范围由二维空间拓展到三维空间,实现了塌岸宽度和体积计算的参数化和自动化,通过简单的人机交互,即可完成塌岸预测,提高了塌岸预测效率; 塌岸预测前后岸坡形态的三维可视化对比展示,也为库岸防护工程的实施提供了更可靠的数据支持和决策依据。在程序的实现过程中,塌岸预测参数获取主要通过3个途径:(1)通过野外调查实测数据和室内土工实验结果,获取所需的水下稳定坡角和水上稳定坡角; (2)通过地质图和高分辨率航空影像获取岩性分界线、多年洪水位线、枯水位线等参数信息; (3)基于研究区高分辨率DEM(Digital Elevation DEM)数据,绘制地形剖面线,为程序运行提供终止条件。  相似文献   

基于资源一号数据的棋盘山水库水质信息提取     

徐汉超  邰贺  杨静 《海洋测绘》2022,42(1):64-68

利用遥感技术对棋盘山水库进行水质信息提取,并根据水质状况进行相应的治理,对保证旅游区景观和水库内部生态环境稳定至关重要.利用资源一号02D卫星在短波红外谱段进行谱段细分的特点,在现有水质反演模型的基础上提取棋盘山水库的水质信息.为检验资源一号02D卫星数据的水质参数反演能力,将水质反演参数与主流卫星Sentinel-2...  相似文献   

低损耗电池选择转换器的研制     

《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(6)

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糯扎渡、景洪水库地震监测台网修复重建     

马红虎  周发胜  马子舒  隋明坤 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(4):210-216

糯扎渡、景洪水库地震监测台网于2008年建成,用于监测糯扎渡、景洪水电站周边水库地震活动,受历史原因影响,监测设备老旧,设备用房破损,截至2016年,该水库地震监测台网基本处于停测状态。2017年,华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司对整个水库地震监测台网进行设计优化、修缮,对15个台站及中心机房设备进行维修、更换,恢复台站网地震监测。修缮以后,水库地震台网考核运行率达95%以上,可满足监测M_L≥0.5地震的需求,台网观测的动态范围优于恢复重建前水平。此次糯扎渡、景洪水库地震台网的恢复重建,不仅对水库地震监测起到保障作用,也是对防震减灾事业的重要推进。  相似文献   

Analysis on residual strain of Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam after Wenchuan earthquake     

Zhenping Liu  Shichun Chi 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(2):221-228

The Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) was subjected to significant local damage in the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake. It is the first rockfill dam of more than one hundred meters high to encounter a strong earthquake anywhere in the world. Based on the finite element smoothing method, the residual strains at a typical cross-section and a downstream slope of the dam were obtained by processing the dam monitored displacement data. The position of and reason for the dam settlement and deformation of rockfill dilatancy in the earthquake were analyzed according to the section residual strain. The results show that the maximum settlement ratio on the dam body approximately occurs at 2/3 of the dam height; dilatancy occurs from the dam crest to 25–30 m in the upstream and downstream slope; the immediate cause of the face slabs horizontal construction joint dislocation is excessive residual shear strain. Meanwhile, the position of and reason for the dam fissure in the earthquake were analyzed according to the dam slope residual strain.  相似文献   

Driving forces analysis of reservoir wetland evolution in Beijing during 1984–2010     

宫兆宁  李洪  赵文吉  宫辉力 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):753-768

The reservoir wetland, which is the largest artificial wetland in Beijing, constitutes one of the important urban ecological infrastructures. Considering two elements of natural environment and socio-economy, this paper established the driving factor indexing system of Beijing reservoir wetland evolution. Natural environment driving factors include precipitation, temperature, entry water and groundwater depth; social economic driving factors include resident population, urbanization rate and per capita GDP. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM images from 1984 to 2010 in Beijing, the spatial extent and the distribution of Beijing reservoir wetlands were extracted, and the change of the wetland area about the three decade years were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to explore for each of the three periods： from 1984 to 1998, from 1998 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that the leading driving factors and their influences on reservoir wetland evolution were different for each period. During 1984-1998, two natural environment indices： average annual precipitation and entry water index were the major factors driving the increase in wetland area with the contribution rate of Logistic regression being 5.78 and 3.50, respectively, and caused the wetland growth from total area of 104.93 km 2 to 219.96 km 2 . From 1998 to 2004, as the impact of human activities intensified the main driving factors were the number of residents, groundwater depth and urbanization rate with the contribution rate of Logistic regression 9.41, 9.18, and 7.77, respectively, and caused the wetland shrinkage rapidly from the total area of 219.96 km 2 to 95.71 km 2 . During 2004-2010, reservoir wetland evolution was impacted by both natural and socio-economic factors, and the dominant driving factors were urbanization rate and precipitation with the contribution rate of 6.62 and 4.22, respectively, and caused the wetland total area growth slightly to 109.73 km 2 .  相似文献   

吉林西部洋沙泡水库高氟水的形成     

梁秀娟  肖然  肖长来  杜超  全光秀 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):798-804

在调查、分析洋沙泡周边地质、水文地质和氟土壤特征的基础上,结合洋沙泡水库模拟实验结果对吉林西部洋沙泡水库高氟水的形成进行了深入研究。结果表明,吉林西部高氟环境的形成是地表环境长期演化的结果:大兴安岭岩浆岩和松嫩低平原松散沉积物提供了含氟丰富的物质基础,河流及地下水径流提供了氟迁移的动力条件,典型的低平原是高氟形成的地理条件,干旱半干旱的气候条件成为高氟环境的促进条件。洋沙泡的氟主要来源为二龙涛河径流携带,多年平均携带量占年内氟总来源的99%以上;周边径流占0.014%～0.28%;降水携带量占0.012%;蒸发浓缩作用对洋沙泡水库的氟质量浓度也有一定影响。此外,内源底泥的释放也是洋沙泡水库水体氟质量浓度增高的原因之一,并且在引嫩入白工程实施后,依然使洋沙泡水库水体中氟质量浓度增加。在每年引水的情况下,需要5年时间水库水体氟的质量浓度才会降至1.0mg/L以下。风动力和人为活动也对洋沙泡水库的氟质量浓度变化产生影响。  相似文献