小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落蒸散发模拟     

包永志  段利民  刘廷玺  王冠丽  童新 《中国沙漠》2019,(4):177-186

基于2016、2017年生长季原位气象监测数据,利用Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)模型模拟了科尔沁沙地主要固沙植物小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落的蒸散发,对蒸散组分进行了拆分,并利用涡度相关系统对模拟蒸散发值进行了验证。结果表明:2016、2017年生长季小叶锦鸡儿群落蒸散发量分别为345.4、325.2 mm,土壤蒸发量分别为93.8、83.8 mm,植被蒸腾量分别为251.6、241.4 mm,土壤蒸发占总蒸散发分别为27.2%、25.8%。30 min尺度上模拟值与实测值一致性较高,模拟精度大体表现为晴天>阴天>雨天。持续干旱和降水后,小叶锦鸡儿蒸腾耗水规律明显不同,持续干旱时期小叶锦鸡儿保持较低的蒸腾耗水,且具有明显的"午休"现象,连续降水后小叶锦鸡儿"午休"消失,蒸腾耗水增强。饱和水汽压差是影响小叶锦鸡儿蒸散发的主要因子。  相似文献   

气候变暖背景下中国干旱变化的区域特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

马鹏里  韩兰英  张旭东  刘卫平 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):209-215

在全球气温日趋升高和极端降水增加的气候背景下,近年来中国干旱变化特征异常突出,新形势下需进一步深入认识干旱发生特征及影响机制。利用1960-2014年中国527个气象站逐日气温和降水量数据,选用改进的综合气象干旱指数（MCI）作为干旱监测指标,详细分析了中国各区域干旱强度、次数和持续时间变化特征及其差异性。结果表明：1960年以来,中国各区域干旱程度加重,范围增大,次数增多,持续时间增长。干旱特征发生了明显的区域变化,各个区域干旱变化差异显著。西南、华中、华北和华南区域干旱程度明显加重,主要是重度以上干旱次数较多。华北和西南干旱年数最多,为45年,其他地方为35~36年,华北重度以上干旱年份最多,为14年,其次是东北和华南的7年。干旱发生时间和区域也有随机性,中国各区域四季都有可能发生干旱,干旱不仅发生在北方干旱和半干旱区域,在南方湿润和半湿润区域同样发生。各区域以夏旱为主,东北以春旱和夏旱居多,华南以秋旱为主。干旱持续时间不等,有时高达9个月。有些区域年内干旱呈单峰型,有些区域为双峰型。气候变暖背景下,中国各个区域干旱呈加重趋势。  相似文献   

Habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants in a trans-Himalayan dry valley, Central Nepal     

Bharat Babu SHRESTHA  Pramod Kumar JHA 《山地科学学报》2009,6(1):66-77

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be a new threat in future to its habitat. The information about habitat conditions, together with the information from other areas, ean be useful to identify potential habitats and plan for cultivation or domestication of the two medieinal plants.  相似文献   

"拉尼娜"与"厄尔尼诺"          下载免费PDF全文

《山东国土资源》2009,25(5)

从2007年夏天开始,“怪天气”频繁造访世界各地。南亚次大陆和半个非洲遭遇洪水袭击,澳大利亚持续干旱。到了2008年年初,我国南方遭遇雨雪冰冻灾害,澳大利亚又从旱灾变成了涝灾,而这一切背后都有着“拉尼娜”的神秘身影。2008年的冰冻灾害和今年的极端干旱让人联想到了全球变暖。  相似文献   

BCC-CSM2-MR模式对北极海冰和气候的模拟及预估     

任永建  肖莺  周兵 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(1):58-69

基于第六次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6),使用新一代全球模式BCC-CSM2-MR的历史试验和未来共享社会经济路径(SSPs)数据,依据Hadley中心的海表面温度和海冰密集度数据及NCEP/NCAR I再分析资料,评估了BCC-CSM2-MR模式对北极海冰及北极气候的模拟能力,并对未来变化进行了预估.结果表明:BCC...  相似文献   

IPCC AR6报告解读:未来的全球气候——基于情景的预估和近期信息     

《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(6)

  相似文献   

云参数法干旱遥感监测模型的完善   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘良明  向大享  文雄飞  杨娜 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2009,34(2)

在原有的云参数法干旱遥感监测模型的基础上,对云参数进行时间空间修正,得到了具有时间空间普适性的新型云参数法干旱遥感监测模型.首先分析了云参数随时空变化的规律即云参数影响函数,并分析确定修正函教的函数形式,然后联合遥感数据和同步地面实测20 cm深度土壤湿度数据确定修正函数,最后通过定权方式确定改进型干旱遥感监测模型.利用FY-2C数据进行了全国范围干旱遥感监测实验,同时与传统方法的监测结果进行对比分析,认为新型模型对空间时间大尺度条件下的干旱监测结果更准确可信.  相似文献   

夏季干旱逐日动态监测指数研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

尹洁  陈双溪  陈建萍  张瑛 《气象与减灾研究》2006,29(2):39-42

根据造成干旱的主要气象因素是降水持续偏少、气温偏高、蒸发量大的思路,利用逐日降水量和逐日最高气温资料进行实验研究,设计了夏季干旱的逐日动态监测指数.该指数可根据每日最新日降水值和日最高气温值的变化,及时给出影响干旱程度变化的主要气象因素的变化,使干旱监测具有实时性、敏感性和连贯性.利用该指数对2003年江西夏季发生的特大干旱进行逐日跟踪动态监测,监测结果表明该指数可以实时反映实际干旱的变化趋势.  相似文献   

Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

黄荣辉  陈际龙  黄刚 《大气科学进展》2007,24(6):993-1023

Recent advances in studies of the structural characteristics and temporal-spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon （EAM） system and the impact of this system on severe climate disasters in China are reviewed. Previous studies have improved our understanding of the basic characteristics of horizontal and vertical structures and the annual cycle of the EAM system and the water vapor transports in the EAM region. Many studies have shown that the EAM system is a relatively independent subsystem of the Asian- Australian monsoon system, and that there exists an obvious quasi-biennial oscillation with a meridional tripole pattern distribution in the interannual variations of the EAM system. Further analyses of the basic physical processes, both internal and external, that influence the variability of the EAM system indicate that the EAM system may be viewed as an atmosphere-ocean-land coupled system, referred to the EAM climate system in this paper. Further, the paper discusses how the interaction and relationships among various components of this system can be described through the East Asia Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern and the teleconnection pattern of meridional upper-tropospheric wind anomalies along the westerly jet over East Asia. Such reasoning suggests that the occurrence of severe floods in the Yangtze and Hualhe River valleys and prolonged droughts in North China are linked, respectively~ to the background interannual and interdecadal variability of the EAM climate system. Besides, outstanding scientific issues related to the EAM system and its impact on climate disasters in China are also discussed.  相似文献   

干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  

贾晓红  李新荣  李元寿 《地理研究》2007,26(3):518-525

统计分析了干旱沙漠地区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征及其与土壤沙粒(>0.05mm)、粉粒(0.05~0.002mm)和粘粒(<0.002mm)含量和土壤养分状况间的关系。结果表明:土壤颗粒分形维数随恢复时间延长有增大的趋势,土壤颗粒分形维数大小与土壤质地的细粒化有一致的变化趋势。0.05mm粒径成为土壤各粒径的分界值--即土壤分形维数的临界粒径,大于这一粒径颗粒含量越高,土壤分形维数越小;而小于这一粒径的颗粒含量越高,分形维数越大。土壤各养分状况均与土壤颗粒分形维数有极显著的线性正相关关系(p<0.0001),表明了土壤颗粒分形维数能客观地反映土壤肥力特征。在干旱沙漠地区,伴随着植被恢复和流沙固定,土壤颗粒分形维数可作为一个评价土壤演变程度的综合定量指标。  相似文献