Biomineralization of Uranium: A Simulated Experiment and Its Significance   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

L. L. BARTON  H. WIATROWSKI 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):134-138

A simulated experimental reduction of U^v1 and the synthesis of uraninite by a sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642, are first reported. The simulated physicochemical experimental conditions were:35℃, pH=7.0-7.4, corresponding to the environments of formation of the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Uraninite was formed on the surface of the host bacteria after a one-week‘s incubation. Therefore, sulfate-reducing bacteria, which existed extensively in Jurassic sandstone-producing environments,might have participated in the biomineralization of this uranium deposit. There is an important difference in the orderdisorder of the crystalline structure between the uraninite produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and naturally occurring uraninite. Long time and slow precipitation and growth of uraninite in the geological environment might have resulted in larger uraninite crystals, with uraninite nanocrystals arranged in order, whereas the experimentally produced uraninite is composed of unordered uraninite nanocrystals which, in contrast, result from the short time span of formation and rapid precipitation and growth of uraninite. The discovery has important implications for understanding genetic significance in mineralogy, and also indicates that in-situ bioremediation of U-contaminated environments and use of biotechnology in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste is being contemplated.  相似文献   

Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of alkaline syenites in Liangtun-Kuangdonggou, Liaoning Province, China： Evidence for enriched mantle before 1.86 Ga and implications     

任康绪  阎国翰  蔡剑辉  牟保磊  李凤棠  古丽冰  赵凤三  储著银 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(3):232-242

The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K2O Na2O), with an average of 10.50%, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of 6.48. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K2O than those of Na2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10 -6 to 1314×10 -6, with a mean value of 666×10 -6. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: 0.63-1.15). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the εSr(t)-εNd(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ( 87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7045-0.7051) and negative εNd(t) values (-3.72--3.97), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before 1.86 Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.  相似文献   

欧洲首次发现跃龙骨化石 为大陆漂移说提供了又一有力证据     

《地理教学》2005,(8):F0003

葡萄牙自然历史博物馆28日宣布，里斯本新大学一支考古队在葡中部城市蓬巴尔发现了距今1．5亿年前的跃龙（也称异特龙）骨骼化石。这是首次在欧洲大陆发现该种恐龙的化石，为大陆漂移说提供了又一有力证据。  相似文献   

微生物技术在地质找矿和矿石冶炼中的应用现状及展望     

杨娇艳  王红梅  吴刚 《地质科技情报》2005,24(1):69-73

评述了微生物技术在地质找矿和矿石冶炼中的研究和应用现状,并结合现代分子生物学的研究进展,着重对核苷酸序列分析、基因探针、DNA重组技术等有望在地质学中进一步应用的分子生物学技术进行了论述,展望了利用微生物的分子鉴定技术和基因探针技术寻找隐伏矿床、利用原生质体融合技术和基因工程创建高效工程菌用于矿石冶炼等方面的应用前景.  相似文献   

贵州台江五河剖面灯影组顶部微体动物化石   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨瑞东  钱逸 《地质科学》2005,40(1):40-46

贵州台江灯影组白云岩中发现了30～70μm的锥形微体动物化石,它们具有典型的锥管状、似几丁质壳壁和平行纤维结构等生物结构,可能分属软体动物Carinachitids、Arthrochites、Punctatus、Spondylotubus和似几丁虫类化石等5种类型。其中建立了一新属、种Spondylotubus taijiangensis Yang(gen.etsp.nov.)。在灯影组白云岩中这一类群的发现对研究前寒武纪寒武纪界线附近生物的多样性和生物地层,以及寒武纪生物大爆发都具有一定的科学意义。  相似文献   

地质微生物作用与油气资源     

王万春  陶明信 《地质通报》2005,(Z1)

地质微生物作用与油气资源的生成、保存、破坏、开采和勘探的各个环节都有着密切的联系。微生物(细菌)本身不仅是良好的成烃母质,还是促使有机物转化为石油烃的主要营力。微生物作用使沉积有机质向更有利于生烃的物质转化,并使有机质中表征成熟度的一些指标在尚未受热成熟作用前就显示成熟特征。沉积环境中微生物的发育对有机质的贡献与保存有积极作用,细菌对有机质的降解也有利于有机质中成烃组分的保存与富集。微生物作用生成的天然气、煤层气和甲烷水合物在世界各地已成为有商业开采价值的资源。然而,微生物对已成藏的油气资源又具有破坏作用。储层中喜氧与厌氧菌的存在,不仅破坏石油储量,还使原油质量明显下降。  相似文献   

地质微生物地球化学作用的意义与展望     

张胜  张翠云  张云  李政红  张明 《地质通报》2005,(Z1)

概要论述了地质微生物学、地下水微生态学、微生物地球化学作用的基本概念、研究内容、研究现状、科学意义、关键问题、发展前景和在地下水环境保护中的作用。该研究领域不仅拓宽了整个地质科学的研究范畴,而且推动了地质科学的发展,具有一定的创新性。  相似文献   

辽宁西部义县组化石苏铁类一新属——义县叶（Yixianophyllum gen．nov．）     

郑少林  李楠  李勇  张武  卞雄飞 《地质学报》2005,79(5):594

本文报道苏铁类化石的一个新属——Yixianoph yllum gen．nov．。标本收集于辽宁西部义县头道河子乡金家沟村南山，层位属于上侏罗统义县组下部（义县阶）的砖城子层。新属的叶形，脉序，叶片的着生方式及表皮构造等方面的特征，介于中生代苏铁类的Ctenis，Nilssonia及现代苏铁类的Stangeria之间的过渡形态。文中对新属和新种进行了描述、讨论和比较，并对具有带羊齿叶形的苏铁类叶部形态演化问题做了简要分析。  相似文献   

地质微生物地球化学作用的意义与展望     

张胜  张翠云  张云  李政红  张明 《地质通报》2005,(11)

概要论述了地质微生物学、地下水微生态学、微生物地球化学作用的基本概念、研究内容、研究现状、科学意义、关键问题、发展前景和在地下水环境保护中的作用.该研究领域不仅拓宽了整个地质科学的研究范畴,而且推动了地质科学的发展,具有一定的创新性.  相似文献   

动物 科学家发现3．1亿年前鲨鱼“托儿所”     

《海洋世界》2014,(3):2-3

研究人员在美国伊利诺伊州鉴定出一个具有3．1亿年历史的鲨鱼。托儿所。的化石。作为现代鲨鱼最古老的近亲之一，班尊卡（Bandringa）（大图为艺术家所绘想象图，它具有敏感的宽而平的嘴部）是底栖生物，类似于现在的锯鳐。  相似文献