Probabilistic Models for the Probability of Wave Breaking and Whitecap Coverage Based on Kinematic Breaking Criterion     

郑桂珍  徐德伦 《中国海洋工程》2004,18(3):357-370

More and more researches show that neither the critical downward acceleration nor the critical slope of water waves is a universal constant. On the contrary, they vary with particular wave conditions. This fact moders the models either for the probability of wave breaking B or for the whitecap coverage W based on these criteria difficult to apply. In this paper and the one which follows we seek to develop models for the prediction of both B and W based on the kinematical criterion. First, several joint probabihstic distribution functions (PDFs) of wave characteristics are derived, based on which the breaking properties B and W are estimated. The estimation is made on the assumption that a wave breaks ff the horizontal velocity of water particles at its crest exceeds the local wave celerity, and whitecapping occurs in regions of fluid where water particles travel faster than the waves. The consequent B and W depend on wave spectral moments of orders 0 to 4.Then the JONSWAP spectrum is used to represent the fetch-limited sea waves in deep water, so as to relate the probahility of wave breaking and the whitecap coverage with wind parameters. To this end, the time-averaging technique proposed by Glazman (1986) is applied to the estimation of the spectral moments involved, and furthermore, the theoretical models are compared with available observations collected from published literature. From the comparison, the averaging time scale is determined. The final models show that the probability of wave breaking as well as the whitecap coverage depends on the dimensionless fetch. The agreement between these models and the database is reasonable.  相似文献   

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines by Complex Damping Method   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

傅强郭海燕  杨新华 《中国海洋工程》2004,18(3):485-491

Considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition, the differential equation for the vortex-induced vibration (V1V) of the free spanning pipeline is derived and is discretized by the Hermit interpolation function. The free vibration equation with the damping term is solved by the complex damping method for the natural frequency, and then the effect of fluid damping on the natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline is analyzed.The results show that fluid damping has a significant influence on the damped natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline in the lock-in state, while it has little influence when the pipeline is out of the lock-in state. In the meantime,the change of the free span length has the same effect on the damped natural frequency and the undamped natural frequency.  相似文献   

西地中海巴伦西亚海槽的深部构造和石油潜力     

Torres  J 高莉玲 《海洋地质译丛》1993,(5):66-71,48

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一种无限水平柱体的总磁异常△T之解释方法     

吴铭先 《山东海洋学院学报》1987,17(1):136-141

本文建立了无限水平柱体的总磁异常之解释方法。同传统的异常解释方法(特征点法和积分法)相比较，本方法具有以下几个特点。首先，所提出的特征点法和积分法适合于任意磁化水平柱体的总磁异常的解释。这一点对于海上磁法勘探的资料解释具有一定的意义。因为海上磁测通量是测得总磁异常．其次．所提出的特征点法可以用来确定与柱体中心位置相对应的在剖面上的带影点，也就是坐标原点。再者，所提出的特征点法和积分法可用来计算水平柱体中心的深度，而在积分反演中只用到磁异常曲线的一部分。这一点同其他积分法相比，其计算过程比较简单。最后，也作了理论模型的正反演计算。反演结果表明。所提出的方法构能给出满意的反演结果。  相似文献   

海洋与气候动力学     

崔茂常 《海洋科学》1997,21(2):17-19

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地球深部:地幔的结构和构造     

ЮМ Пyшаровсикй  朱佛宏 《海洋地质前沿》2001,17(12):12-13

地幔是位于地核和地壳之间的部分。地壳的厚度在不同的地方是不一样的 ,从洋底的数千米至大陆上某些造山区域的６０ｋｍ。地幔扩展到２９００ｋｍ的深处 ,地核的半径是３４７０ｋｍ。在科学和科普文章中常常讨论地球深部结构和地球动力学特征。有关地幔壳层结构的结论主要建立在地震Ｘ 射线立体截面照相和在高压条件下矿物改造试验资料的基础之上。地震Ｘ 射线立体截面照相（逐层的再造）确定了由地震引起的地震波速度的改变 ,揭露了深部显著的不均一性。这很好地反映在起始于中大西洋、穿过非洲直达印度洋中部的４００ｋｍ上地幔剖面中。横…  相似文献   

辽宁沿海泥炭堆积与全新世海面变化     

符文侠  王玉广  刘国海 《海洋科学进展》1995,(2)

辽宁沿海分布有丰富的泥炭资源，主要为埋藏泥炭，属于低位型的草本泥炭。按其成因可分为泻湖型、河漫滩型和沟谷型泥炭三种类型。在整个全新世时期均有泥炭形成，可分为早、中、晚全新世三个发育期，中全新世是辽宁沿海泥炭发育的最盛时期；沉积速率为０．２５～１．１ｍｍ／ａ。全新世海侵，约在距今６０００～７０００ａ达到最大范围；近五千年来海面在下降过程中有波动和相对稳定时期。  相似文献   

厦门西海域表层沉的重金属的分布特征及来源探讨   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

刘琼玉  洪华生 《海洋通报》1995,14(6):46-52

１９９４年１０月调查研究了厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在不同粒度颗粒中不同结合态的含量。结果表明，该海域圾层沉积物中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在弱结合态中有一较稳定的分配比；Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ的平均浓度分别为３０．２，７７．２，１４４．２，０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ；概据底质评价标准，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ严重超标。  相似文献   

太平洋麦哲伦海山区Roskomnedra平顶山地质构造特征与含矿性     

谢尔什贝格  陈邦彦 《海洋地质》2005,(4):1-15

1981年，法、美科学家用“太阳号”科考船在太平洋中部开展的工作，开始带动对海底山和平顶山富钴铁锰结壳的调查研究热潮。D．J．Frank等人关于多金属结壳适宜作为钴矿开采的观点，以及钴矿价格急剧增长引起的一系列政治问题就发生在这之前。  相似文献   

天然气水合物的热流特征及影响因素     

吴庐山  杨木壮 《海洋地质》2003,(2):1-11

热流特征是研究天然气水合物的重要指标之一，不同地质环境下的天然气水合物的热流特征不尽相同。天然气水合物的热流分布主要受地壳年龄和沉积作用、地形及断裂构造和流体迁移等因素影响。  相似文献