中国科学院生态环境研究中心副主任、博士欧阳志云:中国生态功能区划   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

欧阳志云 《中国勘察设计》2007,(3):70-70

生态系统服务功能的定义，是指生态系统与生态过程所形成扩所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用。为什么要研究生态系统服务功能？第一，生态系统服务功能是人类生存与发展的基础；第二，现代技术不能替代生态系统服务功能；  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地北部风积沙覆基岩型包气带结构的生态意义     

陶正平  黄金廷  崔旭东 《地下水》2007,29(6):54-55,68

风积沙覆基岩型包气带结构在鄂尔多斯盆地北部分布面积最广.在其结构及其属性特征分析基础上,重点解析了结构内垂向上土壤水分的富集规律;以沙蒿为例,对喜沙耐旱植被的生长与风积沙厚度、地下水水位埋深间的关系进行了探讨.认识到风积沙覆基岩型包气带结构有利于土壤水富集,是鄂尔多斯盆地北部沙蒿、沙柳等耐旱喜沙植被分布与生长的决定性因素,对维系盆地北部生态系统有重要作用;而地下水位埋深与沙蒿等耐旱植被生长间的关系并不密切.在进行盆地北部地下水资源评价及开发方案制定过程中,应对风积沙覆基岩型包气带的生态意义给予重视.  相似文献   

水文测井方法在井筒检查孔勘探中的应用——以胡家河矿井检孔为例     

刘瑞安  吕广罗  张亚莉 《地下水》2007,29(6):88-89

通过对水文测井工作原理与方法的论述,认为水文测井方法能够多、快、好、雀的满足井筒检查孔地质勘查工作的特殊要求;以胡家河井检孔勘探实践为例,阐述了水文测井工作方法及仪器、数据采集、解释成果等,并对水文测井方法在井筒检查孔勘探中的应用进行了有益探讨,供矿井勘探设计生产单位参考.  相似文献   

流域水资源可再生利用特点及可再生利用途径分析     

张煜振 《地下水》2007,29(6):94-95

随着我国经济社会的发展,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,解决水危机迫在眉睫,水资源的可再生利用是解决水危机的一种有效途径.水资源的可再生性和可再生利用途径的研究不仅涉及到社会、经济、生态环境等诸多方面的问题,而且涉及到水资源演化规律与可再生维持机理等许多方面的基础性技术问题.从水资源可再生概念出发、对水资源可再生循环利用特点进行分析,提出了水资源可再生利用技术途径和研究方向.  相似文献   

遗传算法在水文预报中的应用     

郭太英  叶绪纲 《中国勘察设计》2007,(8):28-30

本文简要介绍了遗传算法的基本原理,利用该算法率定新安江模型的参数,并应用于江界河-思南区间的水文预报.结果表明,利用遗传算法率定水文模型参数直观、简便、适用性强,能较大地提高水文预报的效率和精度.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemical processes of thallium in a rural area of Southwest Guizhou, China     

何立斌  肖唐付  李航  孙伟 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(1):52-57

The water system in a rural area of Lanmuchang in Southwest Guizhou is facing a risk of thallium (Tl) contamination due to Tl mineralization around the area. The major trace elements and Tl in the water system are studied to understand the hydrogeochemical processes of Tl constrained by Tl mineralization. The results showed that the dispersion pattern of Tl follows a descending order in concentration from mine groundwater (deep groundwater) →stream water→shallow groundwater→background water, reflecting the impact of Tl mineralization on the hydrogeochemical composition. Tl concentrations in stream water in both regimes are remarkably higher (2-30 fold) downstream than up- and mid-streams, probably caused by the unidentified discharge of deep groundwater. Low Tl levels are detected in the current drinking water, however, the highly elevated Tl in stream water and ground water may pose a potential environmental risk through daily washing and agricultural irrigation. This study suggests that human activities, such as agricultural irrigation, could intensify the environmental risk of Tl.  相似文献   

INTEGRATION OF THE MODELS OF ANNAGNPS AND REMM TO ASSESS RIPARIAN BUFFER SYSTEM FOR SEDIMENT REDUCTION     

Yongping YUAN Ronald BINGNER Randall WILLIAMS Richard LOWRANCE David BOSCH Joe SHERIDAN 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(1):60-69

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) is used to help evaluate a watershed response to agricultural management practices to control water quality. However, AnnAGNPS version 3.5 does not contain features to estimate the effect of a riparian buffer (RB) system on water quality. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) is used to simulate the impact of riparian buffer systems on water quality. However, frequently the lack of measured upland loadings that are required by REMM simulation limits the application of REMM. To address this data gap, a study was conducted to integrate AnnAGNPS with REMM for RB system simulation. AnnAGNPS was used to simulate water and sediment loadings from an upland field into a three-zone RB system at the Gibbs Farm located in the Georgia coastal plain. These AnnAGNPS outputs were used as the inputs to REMM. REMM was used to simulate water and sediment movement along the riparian buffers. The AnnAGNPS simulated amount of annual runoff at the edge of the field was close to observed amounts (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.92). It is believed that a substantial portion of sand was removed from the runoff one meter into the grass buffer where the samplers were located; therefore, sand was excluded from the AnnAGNPS simulation for comparison with observed sediment. Excluding sand, the AnnAGNPS predicted amount of annual sediment matches the observed amount fairly well (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.46). In addition, based on evaluating the percent reduction of sediment at each zonal interface, the AnnAGNPS/REMM model well simulated the function of the RB system to reduce sediment.  相似文献   

山东德州凹陷地下热水地球化学特征及成因   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

颜世强  潘懋 邹祖光刘桂义 《中国地质》2007,34(1):149-152

典型地区地下水成因和演化机制的研究不仅对于热水资源的合理利用与开发具有重要的指导意义,而且可以为日后的地热资源勘查评价提供重要信息。笔者通过对德州凹陷的地下热水的化学成分、同位素及其水文地质特征的分析,进而对这一地区的地下热水的成岩和演化过程进行了研究。结果显示地下热水的形成受区内深大断裂和基底构造对地热形成的控制,地下热水补给是来自大气降水,为入渗变质水,水化学成分以易溶盐溶解作用为主,其气体组分主要起源于大气、地壳和地幔的混合物,反映了地下水长期径流及深循环中各种水化学作用。  相似文献   

福建沿海经济带生态地球化学调查与评价   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林才浩许美辉  杨军华 《地质通报》2007,26(5):605-612

介绍了福建省沿海经济带生态地球化学调查的主要成果。总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的98.44%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤占全区总面积的1.56%,主要分布在中心城市内,主要污染元素为Hg、Cd、Cu;质量好、适合海水养殖的第一类沉积物样品占92.36%,质量较差的第二类沉积物样品占6.84%;地表水和浅层地下水样中大部分元素处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Mn、Fe超标。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地土壤pH值低,Ca、Mg缺乏;②岛屿、半岛及台地土地贫瘠;③河口平原土壤、海湾沉积物重金属元素含量高。较高的自然背景含量、强酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,造成部分农产品有害元素含量超标。  相似文献   

面向经济社会发展的生态地球化学全国生态地球化学评价成果交流学术研讨会会议纪要     

《岩矿测试》2007,26(4):I0001-I0002

2006年12月16日，中国地质调查局以“面向经济社会发展的生态地球化学”为主题，召开全国生态地球化学评价成果交流学术研讨会，推动“全国土壤现状调查及污染防治”专项的开展。会议重点交流局部生态地球化学评价成果。张洪涛副局长致开幕词，陈毓川、谢学锦院士及鞠建华副司长出席并讲话。会议由国家地质实验测试中心承办。  相似文献