Mantle processes during ocean formation：Petrologic records in peridotites from the Alpine－Apennine ophiolites     

GiovanniB.Piccardo 《《幕》》2003,26(3):193-199

Mantle peridotites were early exposed at the sea-floor of the Jurassic Tethys derived from the subcontinental mantle of the Europe-Adria system. During continental rifting and oceanic spreading, these lithospheric peri-dotites were percolated via diffuse reactive porous flowby melt fractions produced by near-fractional melting of the upwelling asthenosphere. Ascending melts inter-acted with the lower lithosphere, dissolving pyroxenes and precipitating olivine, and crystallized at shallower levels in the mantle column causing melt impregnation.Subsequent focused porous flow formed replacive dunitechannels, cutting the impregnated oeridotites, which were conduits for upward migration of MORB-type liq-uids. Melt migration produced depletionlrefertilization and significant heating of the percolatedlimpregnated mantle, i.e the thermochemical erosion of the litho-sphere. Impregnated and thermally modified lithos-pheric mantle was cooled by conductive heat loss dur-ing progressive lithosphere thinning and was intrudeaby MORB magmas, which formed Mg-rich and Fe-richgabbroic dykes and bodies. Alpine-Apennine ophiolitic peridotites record the deep-seated migration of melts which changed their compositions and dynamics during the rift evolution. The thermochemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle by the ascending asthenospheric melts, which induces significant compositional and rhe-ological changes in the lower lithosphere, is a major process in the evolution of the continent-ocean transi-tion towards a slow spreading oceanic system.  相似文献   

The Statistical Analysis of Migration of Strong Earthquakes-Taking the North China Region asan Example     

QinChengzhi ZhouChenghu PeiTao LiQuanlin 《中国地震研究》2004,18(2):178-187

The migration of strong earthquakes is an important research topic because the migration phenomena reflect partly the seismic mechanism and involve the prediction of tendency of seismic activity. Research on migration of strong earthquakes has mostly focused on finding the phenomena. Some attempts on getting regularity were comparatively subjective. This paper suggests that there should be indices of migration in earthquake dataset and the indexes should have statistical meaning if there is regularity in the migration of strong earthquakes. In this study, three derivative attributes of migration, i.e., migration orientation, migration distance and migration time interval, were statistically analyzed. Results in the North China region show that the migration of strong earthquakes has statistical meaning. There is a dominant migration orientation (W by S to E by N), a dominant distance ( ≤ 100kin and on the confines of 300 ～ 700km), and a dominant time interval ( ≤ la and on the confines of 3 - 4a). The results also show that the migration will differ slightly with different magnitude range or earthquake activity phase.  相似文献   

浅谈火山作用     

潘明宝  解国爱 《江苏国土资源》2003,(7):22-25

地壳深处的岩浆喷出地壳便产生了火山现象，所引起的全部地质过程称为火山作用。火山喷发是一种极为壮观而令人生畏的自然现象，介绍了火山喷发主要的3种形式、火山作用造成的灾害类型和中国的火山特点，以及自全新世以来我国有过喷发活动的8个主要活火山。提出了要加强认识火山的活动规律、形成过程、喷发机理，开展监测，采取对策，防灾减灾。  相似文献   

火山和珊瑚岛屿上的地下水勘探     

张保祥  李福林 《国外地质勘探技术》1997,(3):14-16

  相似文献   

广西中三叠统浊流流向及坡向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴江  李思田 《南方国土资源》1992,(4)

通过对广西中三叠统浊积岩系中溢堤流沉积的识别,结合同一鲍马层序Tc段斜层理倾向与其底部槽模走向不一致的分析,以及横向冲刷模、U形障碍冲刷痕等冲蚀构造、大型滑动模等压刻构造的认识,筛选出宽阔水道充填沉积、扇状体及分支水道沉积中底模构造的指向数据,来指示浊流主体流向,并区分出溢堤流流向。从而确定了本区中三叠世时的浊流主体流向为NW向,平均为300°。根据滑塌沉积中滑塌包卷层轴面、滑塌面的测定,确定凤山县金牙处的古坡向平均为322°,与浊流主体流向基本一致。还认为中三叠世时右江盆地沉积物源来自桂东和桂东南蚀源区,海水由其南的越南境内进入。  相似文献   

TL dating of loess in China     

黄宝林  卢良才 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(3):257-265

TL ages of 56 loess samples collected from Xinjiang and the middle reaches of the Yellow River were determined by using fine-grained quartz and man-made light source bleaching techniques.The results indicate that :1.The well-preserved loess sections in Xinjiang began depositing 400000 a ago.The loess/paleosol series may be comparable with that observed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River but the depositing time was probably delayed by 30000-50000a.2.The bottom boundary age of the Malan loess varies from one place to another.The TL dates can be divided into two group:70000-130000 a and 30000-50000 a.The TL data are con-sistent with the appearance of two warmer climate periods since the Pleistocene,indicating obvious regional differences in stratigraphic development of loess,i.e.,paleosol occurred in the warm climate period in the same location,but loess was deposited in other locations.The initial age of loess deposition tends to become older from west to east and from south to north .In contrast ,the cold cli-matic belt showed an opposite trend.The TL ages of loess provide strong evidence for the Quaternary stratigraphy throughout geological times and the shift tendency of climatic belt.3.The depositing rate of the Malan loess along the middle reaches of the Yellow River varies from place to place but the TL age shows a linear relationship with the depositing thickness.The de-positing rate of loess in the north is higher than that in the south,suggesting that loess materials are derived from desert areas of northern China.  相似文献   

宁夏香山-天景山弧形断裂带新活动特征及1709年中卫南71/2级地震形变带   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张维岐  焦德成  柴炽章  宋方敏  汪一鹏 《地震地质》1988,10(3):12

本文根据野外地质填图和水系位移测量结果,论述了香山-天景山弧形断裂带新生代有两个不同活动性质的阶段,即早期阶段的强烈挤压和晚期阶段的左旋走滑兼挤压。分析、讨论了不同活动阶段的时间界限和转变原因。指出了1709年中卫南71/_2级地震形变带的表现形式、延伸范围  相似文献   

甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征与地震危险性估计   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

闻学泽  黄圣睦  江在雄 《地震地质》1985,7(3):23

本文综合野外调查,卫、航影象判读,地震活动及震源机制等资料,初步研究了北西向甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征,探讨了拉分构造的发育与强震活动的关系。结果表明:该断裂带是一自中生代以来形成和发展的大型活动断裂带;第四纪以来以强烈的水平左旋剪切错动为主,水平与垂直位错之比约为10:1。从历史地震活动规律推断了在未来20—30年内,该带将进入一个新的地震活跃期,并具有发生M≥7级地震的危险性  相似文献   

遗迹化石在层序地层学研究中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

施振生  杨威  郭长敏  胡斌 《地层学杂志》2008,32(1):79-84

以济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组和塔里木盆地志留系为例,探讨了遗迹化石与层序地层学的关系,表现在3个方面:1)层序界面的识别层序界面位置发育有特征性的受基底控制的遗迹相,且界面上下遗迹组合类型发生变化;2)准层序界面的识别较深水环境中,界面上下生物扰动强度明显差异,界面之下扰动强度较大,扰动指数可达到3,而界面之上几乎没有生物扰动,且在同一准层序内部,由下至上,扰动强度逐渐增大;3)旋回层序的识别:在潮控滨线环境中,单个准层序内部,由下至上,高能环境的Skolithos遗迹组合逐渐变为中低能环境的Planolites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合和低能环境的Cochlichnus-Planolites遗迹组合,由下至上呈现旋回性变化特征。  相似文献   

从准层序到米级旋回——层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈留勤 《地层学杂志》2008,32(4)

层序地层学的基本单位是层序。准层序和准层序组构成了层序的基本结构单元,它们在层序内有规律的空间叠置样式是识别体系域的客观标准。准层序被定义为以海泛面为界的向上变浅序列,但是准层序是一个比较松散的概念,存在问题是对其成因机制研究不足。米级旋回作为旋回地层学的基本单位,定义为数厘米至数米厚的向上变浅的岩相序列,是高频率海平面升降变化的产物,其形成时限为相应的米兰柯维奇天文旋回周期。作为旋回地层学的基本单位,米级旋回以其明确的沉积学涵义和有规律的天文成因机制,是对层序地层学概念体系中的"准层序"的良好补充,对其进行深入研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。从准层序到米级旋回这一概念体系的演变,代表了层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带。最后介绍旋回地层学的最新进展亚米兰柯维奇旋回,它对精确数字定年具有重大意义。  相似文献