海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LI Tao  ZHAO Jinping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):24-31

Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice.  相似文献   

一次强沙尘暴的近地层气象要素及内部热力、动力结构特征     

顾润源  ;陈磊  ;周伟灿  ;姜学恭 《南京气象学院学报》2014,(4):414-424

针对2009年4月23-24日出现在我国内蒙古中西部的一次强沙尘暴天气过程,利用专门组织观测实验得到的加密探空资料、地面自动观测站资料和其他常规观测资料,深入分析研究了此次沙尘暴发生前后及发生期间,近地层气象要素变化及其内部热力、动力结构特征变化.结果表明,1）沙尘暴发生前,大气的温度垂直递减率大,湿度较大,近地层风速小,风向偏东;在沙尘暴发生期间,大气中出现逆温现象,大气湿度很小,各层风速明显增强,风向偏西且稳定;之后,低层温度显著下降,大气湿度迅速增大,各层风速减小,沙尘暴天气结束.2）沙尘暴发生前,大气层结是条件不稳定的,在沙尘暴过境时,低层大气层结是稳定的,在800600 hPa之间大气层结是中性的,此时低层大气干燥,而在沙尘暴移出测站后,湿度明显增大,因此,“3θ”曲线可以为沙尘暴的监测和预报提供一个有价值的参考数据.3）沙尘暴爆发时的螺旋度是所有观测时次中的最大值,螺旋度与沙尘暴的强度在时间上具有良好的对应关系,即螺旋度越大,对应沙尘暴越强.4）此次强沙尘暴的形成与发展不仅受到环境风速的影响,沙尘暴内部的切向旋转速度和垂直运动速度也对其起到重要的作用.  相似文献   

羟基磷灰石对水溶液中Fe³⁺的吸附动力学及热力学研究     

周珍旭  钱功明  李道  王发杰 《岩石矿物学杂志》2014,33(6):1157-1160

研究了羟基磷灰石(HAP)对水溶液中Fe3+的吸附动力学及热力学。研究表明,HAP对水溶液中Fe3+的吸附符合Langmiur等温吸附,ct/q=0.006 4 ct+0.018 3;该吸附反应符合一级反应动力学方程,ln CR=-0.043 5 t+4.324 4;吸附反应活化能为Ea=36.26 k J/mol;标准摩尔反应焓为正值表明反应过程吸热;当温度大于285.7 K时,吉布斯自由能小于0,反应可自发进行。  相似文献   

The general class of Bianchi cosmological models with viscous fluid and particle creation in Brans-Dicke theory     

Raghavendra Chaubey  Anjani Kumar Shukla 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2014,(5):533-552

This paper deals with the general class of Bianchi cosmological models with bulk viscosity and particle creation described by full causal thermodynamics in Brans-Dicke theory. We discuss three types of average scale-factor solutions for the general class of Bianchi cosmological models by using a special law for the deceler- ation parameter which is linear in time with a negative slope. The exact solutions to the corresponding field equations are obtained in quadrature form and solutions to the Einstein field equations are obtained for three different physically viable cosmologies. All the physical parameters are calculated and discussed in each model.  相似文献   

Corrections to Solar Thermal Structure when a Turbulent Magnetic Field is Included     

Yi Liao  Shao-Lan BiNational Astronomical Observatories  Yunnan Observatory  Kunming   《中国天文和天体物理学报》2004,4(5):490-498

Correction of non-ideal effect due to a magnetic fluctuating tensor is derived from the ideal MHD equations. The inclusion of a magnetic turbulent field leads to modifications of the hydrostatic equilibrium equation and thermodynamical variables such as the temperature T, the adiabatic exponent γ, the adiabatic temperature gradient △↓ad and the temperature gradient △↓. In particular, the modifications in the adiabatic and radiative temperature gradients will result in a change in the Schwarzchild criterion, hence in the location of the base of the convective zone. Incorporating the modifications, we construct a modified thermodynamical equilibrium structure of the Sun.  相似文献   

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响：（Ⅰ）湍流压,物态方程及热…   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

蒋苏云  黄润乾 《天体物理学报》1997,17(3):271-282

本以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式。在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ和７Ｍ的恒星由主序演化到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段其湍流压的大小。结果证明，在红巨星和ＡＧＢ阶段，靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％。  相似文献   

梅山铁矿形成物理化学条件的热力学分析     

张哲儒  林传仙 《地球化学》1984,(2):138-144

Using thermodynamic data, the authors have calculated the equilibrium constants (at high temperatures and pressures) for 47 reactions among 18 kinds of minerals present in the Meishan iron deposit, and constructed equilibrium diagrams of the mineral paragenesis.On this basis, they have discussed the physicochemical conditions of formation of the depo.sit and the relations between mineralization and wall-rock alteration.  相似文献   

新疆黄山杂岩体岩浆液态不混溶性的热力学计算     

宋谢炎  殷辉安 《成都地质学院学报》1991,18(3):97-102

  相似文献   

热力学第二定律效率的分析     

陈鸿浩 《广东海洋大学学报》1989,9(1):130-136

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A Closure Study of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Factor during the 2006 Pearl River Delta Campaign   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LIU Xingang  ZHANG Yuanhang  WEN Mengting  WANG Jingli  Jinsang JUNG  CHANG Shih-yu  HU Min  ZENG Limin  Young Joon KIM 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):947-956

Measurements of aerosol physical, chemical and optical parameters were carried out in Guangzhou, China from 1 July to 31 July 2006 during the Pearl River Delta Campaign. The dry aerosol scattering coefficient was measured using an integrating nephelometer and the aerosol scattering coefficient for wet conditions was determined by subtracting the sum of the aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient and gas absorption coefficient from the atmospheric extinction coefficient. Following this, the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor, f(RH), was calculated as the ratio of wet and dry aerosol scattering coefficients. Measurements of size-resolved chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and published functional relationships between particle chemical composition and water uptake were likewise used to find the aerosol scattering coefficients in wet and dry conditions using Mie theory for internally- or externally-mixed particle species [(NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NaCl, POM, EC and residue]. Closure was obtained by comparing the measured f(RH) values from the nephelometer and other in situ optical instruments with those computed from chemical composition and thermodynamics. Results show that the model can represent the observed f(RH) and is appropriate for use as a component in other higher-order models.  相似文献