微地震技术在裂缝监测中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

严永新  张永华  陈祥  罗家群  章新文 《地学前缘》2013,20(3)

论述压裂过程中诱发微地震的激发机理,分析人造裂缝与地应力关系并叙述了微震事件的定位方法。利用微地震监测技术,通过实时定位理论系统对深凹区BYHF1井页岩水平井分段大型压裂过程实时监测,运用偶极子测井和VSP资料建立监测井区的初始速度模型,并通过射孔炮对其校正。在对实时监测定位理论系统数据进行综合处理分析,及有效微震事件识别的基础上,利用纵波和横波信息分析计算得到微地震事件的位置,通过可视化技术对压裂井区裂缝发育的方向、大小、空间分布进行了描述,监测结果是裂缝发育方向基本上为NE34°,与成像测井结果吻合良好。  相似文献   

基于水化学组分和环境同位素信息探讨山东德州深层承压地下水起源   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丽芝  曲万龙  张勇  刘春华 《地球学报》2013,34(4):463-469

本文针对海河流域平原长期过量开采深层水导致地下水位不断下降,引发地面沉降等环境地质问题,选择德州深层水分布区作为重点研究区,以深层地下水化学组分及同位素信息作为主要研究对象,探讨深层地下水起源与更新性。研究结果表明,德州深层水主要形成于末次冰期盛期较寒冷的大气降水淋滤,在形成及径流过程中,遭遇较强烈的蒸发作用和阳离子交换作用,形成以HCO3-Na型水为主要成因类型,具有高氟、高钠、低钙、偏碱性的水化学特征,和氢氧稳定同位素低,氚含量低的同位素特点;深层地下水循环缓慢,更新能力较弱。  相似文献   

Optical properties of estuarine dissolved organic matter isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YI Yueyuan  ZHENG Airong  GUO Weidong  YANG Liyang  CHEN Ding 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):22-29

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) from freshwater, mid-salinity, and seawater endmember samples in the Jiulong River Estuary, China were fractionated using cross-flow ultrafiltration with a 10-kDa membrane. The colloidal organic matter(COM; 10 kDa–0.22 μm) retentate, low molecular weight(LMW) DOM(10 kDa) permeate, and bulk samples were analyzed using absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectra of COM were very similar to those obtained for permeate and bulk samples, decreasing monotonically with increasing wavelength. Most of the chromophoric DOM(CDOM, expressed as the absorption coefficient a355) occurred in the LMW fraction, while the percentage of CDOM in the colloidal fraction was substantially higher in the freshwater endmember(13.4% of the total) than in the seawater endmember(6.8%). The bulk CDOM showed a conservative mixing behavior in the estuary, while there was removal of the COM fraction and a concurrent addition of the permeate fraction in the mid-salinity sample, implying that part of the colloidal CDOM was transformed into LMW CDOM. Two humic-like components(C1: 250, 325/402 nm; and C2: 265, 360/458 nm) and one protein-like component(C3: 275/334 nm) were identified using parallel factor analysis. The contributions of the C1, C2, and C3 components of the COM fraction to the bulk sample were 2.5%–8.7%, 4.8%–12.6%, and 7.4%–14.7%, respectively, revealing that fluorescent DOM occurred mainly in the LMW fraction in the Jiulong River Estuary. The C1 and C2 components in the retentate and permeate samples showed conservative mixing behavior, but the intensity ratio of C2/C1 was higher in the retentate than in the permeate fractions for all salinity samples, showing that the humic component was more enriched in the COM than the fulvic component. The intensity ratio of C3/(C1+C2) was much higher in the retentate than in the permeate fraction for mid-salinity and seawater samples, revealing that the protein-like component was relatively more enriched in COM than the humic-like component. The contribution of the protein-like component(C3) to the total fluorescence in the retentate increased from 14% in the freshwater endmember to 72% for the seawater endmember samples, clearly indicating the variation of dominance by the humic-like component compared to the protein-like component during the estuarine mixing process of COM.  相似文献   

Transcriptomic analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 under low-temperature stress     

刘志香  崔红利  刘正一  王寅初  崔玉琳  刘兆普  秦松 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):403-418

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17项地学项目获“973”计划立项     

《华北国土资源》2014,(2)

正国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划,含重大科学研究计划)2014年项目申报评审工作于近日结束。9个领域91个项目、6个重大科学研究计划40个项目以及青年科学家专题32个项目立项。其中,瞄准能源、资源、全球变化等领域的17项地学项目获立项。能源领域获批3个项目,为《中国陆相致密油(页岩油)形成机理与富集规律》、《中国东部古近系陆相页岩油富集机理与分布规律》、《超临界二氧化碳强化页岩气高效开发  相似文献   

Ultrastructure Developments During Spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata （Annelida： Spionidae）,a Parasite of Mollusca     

GAO Yan  ;ZHANG Tao  ;ZHANG Libin  ;QIU Tianlong  ;XUE Dongxiu  ;YANG Hongsheng 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6):1071-1077

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elon- gation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear con- densation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.  相似文献   

基于同位素揭示艾比湖流域地下水特征          下载免费PDF全文

刘景明  丁建丽  包青岭  张子鹏  姜磊鹏  曲艺 《干旱区地理》2023,(2):201-210

地下水对于调节干旱区水循环和生态系统具有重要意义,认识和管理地下水资源是防止河流基流减少,地面沉降和水质退化的关键。通过分析艾比湖流域地下水水化学参数和氢氧稳定同位素特征,结合线性回归、双端元混合模型和GIS空间分析等方法,探讨不同区域地下水补给来源和水化学组分动态变化。结果表明：(1)博尔塔拉河(简称博河)和精河中下游区域氢氧同位素(δ²H与δ¹⁸O)值最大,艾比湖周边区域次之,博河上游区域最小,流域地下水存在不同的循环过程。(2)地下水氘盈余(d-excess)和水化学特征反映了地下水不同的补给机制和影响因素,博河上游区域地下水主要受冰川积雪融水补给;博河和精河中下游地下水主要来源为地表水和降水,同时受岩层性质、农田开发和灌溉措施影响较大;艾比湖周边地下水主要来源于冰雪融水和降水。中下游区域和河湖交汇区地下水是防控和治理的重点区域。(3)地下水流动系统Ⅰ的电导率(Electrical conductance,EC)在210.00～2500.00μS·cm^-1之间,d-excess在6.47‰～9.70‰之间;流动系统...  相似文献   

内蒙古东部地区富有机质泥页岩发育特征与页岩气资源潜力初探     

冯岩  ;杨才  ;崔来旺  ;林海涛  ;白灵麒  ;王东星  ;庄延平 《西部资源》2013,(5)

页岩气是以吸附和游离相赋存于泥页岩或泥页岩层系中的天然气,是一种重要的非常规天然气资源类型.通过对以往地质资料进行综合研究,认为内蒙古东部地区海拉尔、二连两个盆地下白垩统大磨拐河组、南屯组地层暗色泥页岩发育广泛,其暗色页岩层单层厚度、埋深、总有机碳含量(TOC)和热演化程度(Ro)等特征,具备页岩气形成的基本地质条件,具有一定的页岩气资源潜力.  相似文献   

页岩油甜点评价关键技术及甜点类型划分:以玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组为例     

王伟  王振林  刘财广  郑孟林  张融  郑国庆  余佩蓉 《地球科学》2023,(1):223-234

玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油是准噶尔盆地油气勘探的新领域，明确其优质“甜点”发育段，对试油层位选择及水平井的部署具有重要意义.从页岩油评价中的2个关键地质工程参数——游离油、脆性指数入手，以系统实验为基础，开展了玛湖风城组页岩油游离油、脆性指数的测井评价方法研究，并分析了2个参数对产量的影响，建立了产量潜力指数计算模型，形成了“甜点”分类方法.结果表明：（1）二维核磁共振谱（T2, T1）可以有效区分可动水、游离油、吸附油（T1/T2：可动水<游离油<吸附油），风城组页岩油层游离油孔隙度低，主要为0.5%～3.0%;(2)页岩油层脆性好，脆性指数在70%以上，但杨氏模量大，水力压裂起裂难度较大；（3）根据产能潜力指数分为三类甜点，纵向上三类甜点交互叠合发育，可以优选出2套优质甜点集中发育段.建立的页岩油甜点评价关键技术为风城组页岩油试油选层及水平井目标层选择提供了重要依据，可为国内其他陆相盆地页岩油甜点评价提供借鉴.  相似文献   

论煤岩组分的液化性能     

李小彦 《煤田地质与勘探》2010,38(3):1-5

通过高压釜在溶剂和催化剂条件下对煤的加氢液化试验,探讨了低煤级煤中煤岩组分的液化性能。结果表明,在不同宏观煤岩成分的液化试验中,转化率和油产率表现出镜煤>亮煤>暗煤>丝炭;对于显微组分的液化,不仅镜质组和壳质组具有反应活性,半镜质组也有一定活性,且活性组分(镜质组+半镜质组+壳质组)含量与液化转化率、油产率表现出良好的正比关系。低煤级煤中,R_max<1.50%的半丝质组分在液化时有反应活性,其活性低于同一煤中的半镜质组,而R_max>1.50%的惰质组分已不具反应活性。   相似文献