我国海啸灾害及预警现状与建议   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

叶琳  于福江  吴玮 《海洋预报》2005,22(Z1):147-157

本文给出了海啸定义及其它有关概念与术语,简要给出了我国及全球的海啸灾害.全面介绍了我国海啸监测能力、预警现状、研究成果以及有关国际合作的情况,重点介绍了我国自主研制的海啸数值模式,利用该模式我们模拟了2004年12月26日发生在印度洋大海啸以及假想的发生在我国南海的海啸对周边国家的影响.对海啸预警中存在的问题及未来急需开展的工作,作者也将一一给予阐述.  相似文献   

海洋地质学研究的回顾     

《山东海洋学院学报》1984,14(1):20-23

海洋地质学既是海洋学，也是地质学的分支学科。自1960年建系以来，围绕着国家经济发展的需要，结合生产建设和资源调查开展了科学研究工作，取得了一些成果。  相似文献   

红河断裂构造带在东南亚的延伸特征及其大地构造意义     

李桂群  李学伦 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(2)

根据地质、地貌及地球物理资料分析,探讨展布于云南边陲哀牢山两侧的北西向断裂组成的红河断裂构造带,在东南亚的延伸特征。提出在该延伸带两侧沉积建造、构造活动,地球物理场和大地构造发展上均有显著差异。并进一步探讨该断裂构造带在大地构造上的意义。  相似文献   

遥感和GIS支持下的分布式融雪径流过程模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

房世峰  裴欢  刘志辉  戴维  赵求东 《遥感学报》2008,12(4)

基于遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,设计和构建了一个分布式融雪径流模型,整个分布式融雪径流过程的模拟计算基于能量平衡和水量平衡,由分布式栅格融雪过程、分布式栅格产流过程以及分布式栅格汇流过程组成,融雪以及产汇流过程全部基于栅格尺度,全面实现了融雪过程的分布式模拟.分布式栅格融雪过程中对"度日法"加以改进,引入了"单元时段"的概念,从而得到了"度分融雪模型";针对融雪过程中颇为复杂的冻融反复性难题,提出了旨在解释积雪冻融反复性物理机制的"冻融系数"的重要概念,对于准确把握融雪过程的物理机制具有重要意义.同时基于GIS开发了分布式融雪径流模拟系统,为分布式融雪径流模型的运行提供了平台和技术支持,二者均为融雪洪水预警决策支持系统的核心模块部分.基于由MODlS等遥感数据得到的积雪信息、地表温度等下垫面信息,基础地理信息数据如DEM及其空间分析数据和大量野外同步观测数据(积雪信息、气象数据),对典型研究区新疆军塘湖流域2006年春季典型融雪期(2006-03-06,11:00-2006-03-10,11:00)内的洪水过程进行了模拟,模拟结果精度较高,平均精度0.82,达到了融雪洪水预警预报的业务需求标准.  相似文献   

基于模糊物元的城市化生态预警模型及应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

符娟林  乔标 《地球科学进展》2008,23(9):990-995

根据模糊物元理论建立了城市化的生态预警模型,将警报级别分为无警、轻警、中警、重警和巨警5级,并从资源预警、生态预警和环境预警3个方面构建河西走廊城市化进程中的生态环境预警指标体系,设立了预警参照标准与预警界限、警灯、警度,对河西走廊进行了实证分析。结果发现,河西走廊及五大地市按照预警指数从大到小的顺序依次为：张掖市、武威市、金昌市、河西走廊、嘉峪关市和酒泉市。其中,河西走廊的生态用水比重、植被覆盖率、人均环境保护费用和万元产值工业SO2排放量的景气指数最高,处于重警状态;城市工业用地定额、城市居住用地定额、万元产值工业废水排放量和万元产值工业粉尘排放量的景气指数最低,均处于轻警状态;其它指标均处于中警状态。可见,相对于土地资源和环境污染因素而言,水资源和生态条件已经对河西走廊的城市化产生了较强的束缚作用。  相似文献   

国务院批准国土资源部发布实施《全国地灾防治“十一五”规划》     

《浙江地质》2008,(1):20-20

近日,经国务院批准,国土资源部发布并实施《全国地质灾害防治“十一五”规划》。这是我国第一部关于地灾防治工作的规划。《规划》要求,全面完成山区丘陵区地灾调查,开展平原区地灾调查,掌握我国地灾分布状况与危害程度：在地灾重点防治区的县（市）建立相对完善的群测群防体系。初步建立专业监测网;地灾气象预报预警工作推进到市、县;分散的受地灾严重威胁的居民逐步得到搬迁;人口密集区、大中城市、风景名胜区及国家重大工程建设区的地灾隐患点逐步得到治理。  相似文献   

汞元素的石油地质意义     

李广之  袁子艳  庄原  江浩 《物探与化探》2008,32(2):143-146,185

油气中都含有汞元素组分,汞的物理化学性质决定其可以从油气藏中向上垂向运移,根据采样介质类型及样品预处理的手段不同,地表中汞的分析方法可分为壤气、热释汞及土壤总汞分析方法。壤气汞、热释汞及土壤总汞指标都有着很好的示油气意义,同时也有着示断裂带的地质意义。  相似文献   

The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills： A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City     

LUO Yunju  LIU Dongyan  LI Xiulan  ZHU Zhengwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5)

This paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through.As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment,the landfill is to be closed up and renovated.The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill.The research was carried out in several stages.First,mathematical models of the pre-renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established.And then,the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined.The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models.As a result,a feasible mathematical model was achieved.Based on this model,a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly,the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified.The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of leachate,they also serve as a confluence of leachate,thus further deteriorating the environment.The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leacbate of the pre-renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post.renovation landfill.Therefore,measures must be taken to handle the leachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.  相似文献   

The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills: A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City     

LUO Yunju  LIU Dongyan  LI Xiulan  ZHU Zhengwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):1020-1026

This paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through. As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment, the landfill is to be closed up and renovated. The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill. The research was carried out in several stages. First, mathematical models of the pre-renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established. And then, the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined. The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models. As a result, a feasible mathematical model was achieved. Based on this model, a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly, the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified. The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of ieachate, they also serve as a confluence of leachate, thus further deteriorating the environment. The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leachate of the pre-renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post-renovation landfill. Therefore, measures must be taken to handle the ieachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.  相似文献   

祁阳山字型构造质疑   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

柏道远  李建清  周柯军  马铁球  王先辉 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(3)

结合区域构造演化背景及构造变形特征,对祁阳弧形构造的形成机制进行研究。分析表明,传统山字型构造机制难以解释祁阳弧形构造的诸多特征,且前人认为变形动力来源于东西向挤压应力场,也与印支期区域构造应力场实为NWW向的构造背景不符,因此祁阳弧形构造并不属典型山字型构造。基于研究区构造活动的客观实际,提出祁阳弧形构造的可能形成机制:NW向基底隐伏断裂和NNE-NE向主干断裂分别于印支期和燕山期产生强烈左旋走滑活动,从而使区域NNE向构造线在中段产生左旋偏转成为NNW向,从而形成S形的祁阳弧形构造。这一机制可较好解释祁阳弧形构造的若干特征,如关帝庙穹窿呈NWW走向、北反射弧构造形迹不显著、北弧弧顶脱位及内弧曲率大于外弧、南弧弧顶脱位、紫云-中田-高峰串珠状穹窿的形成等。上述认识对华南地区弧形构造研究具有一定启示意义:除山字型构造作用和砥柱作用外,还应注意断裂走滑等其他构造活动对弧形构造的制约,以及多次构造活动叠加对构造形迹可能造成的影响。  相似文献