高能粒子流对地震活动的可能调制     

罗葆荣 《天文研究与技术》1995,(2)

把地球作为一个开放系统，本文分析了不同地域范围的地震活动和太阳活动的关系，发现不同地域的地震活动也存在着一个大约１１年的周期，这个周期可能与太阳活动的１１年左右周期有关，但地震周期的峰值对应于太阳活动的下降段。它们的关系是负相关关系。本文进一步着重分析了地震活动与高速太阳风粒子流和宇宙线高能粒子流的关系，发现它们之间存在着一个信度水平很高的正相关。这样，我们可以推测太阳活动可能是通过调制到达地球的高能粒子流进而调制地震活动的。  相似文献   

变化环境下武江超定量洪水门限值响应规律及影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶长青  陈晓宏  张丽娟  庞园  张家鸣 《水科学进展》2013,24(3):392-401

世界众多江河洪水超定量(POT)系列门限值已发生变化,门限值选取不当会影响频率分析合理性。结合历史洪水资料,采用洪水POT理论分析变化环境下武江门限值响应规律及影响。结果表明:武江流域下垫面植被和径流系数在1991年明显改变,变化环境下不仅洪水门限值显著增大,且超过特定量级洪水的发生次数也在增加,POT模型能捕捉洪水在量级和发生次数方面的变化信息。分别选用变化环境前后门限值来推算设计洪峰,当重现期大于200年时,坪石站差异度达19.21%,犁市站达8.12%以上。选用变化环境后高门限值可有效提高线型对大洪水的拟合程度和设计洪水计算精度。  相似文献   

祁连山洪水坝河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王一舟  张会平  俞晶星  张竹琪  郑文俊  郑德文 《第四纪研究》2013,33(4)

晚新生代以来,伴随祁连山强烈隆起而塑造的水系流域地貌,其典型特征指示了该区域的最新构造活动.以发源于祁连山中部的洪水坝河为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析工具,提取了整体流域与5个亚流域的河网分支比、地势起伏、平均高程等地貌参数,并对整个流域地形做坡谱分析,获得了洪水坝河水系流域地貌特征.研究表明,洪水坝河流域整体地形起伏大、坡度陡、水系发育程度低,并且流域内部从南向北,河网分支比和地势起伏显著增大.在分析地层岩性和冰川作用等相关因素的基础上,认为这种变化表明流域所受构造活动的影响从南向北显著增强:南部受构造活动的影响微弱,地势平坦,可能是残存的古侵蚀面,亦或是受山间盆地的沉积作用影响;中部区域由于被昌马断裂东段切穿,断裂带附近区域较弱的抗侵蚀能力与河流的快速下切共同造成了地势起伏的增加;北部区域受佛洞庙-红崖子断裂西段逆冲活动的影响,坡度及地势起伏大幅增加,表现为地势起伏骤增和强烈的河流下切等地貌特征.上述地貌分析研究,为认识和理解祁连山造山带地貌演化以及控制因素提供了基础数据和思路.  相似文献   

沙丘前沿区产汇流特点研究及其在设计洪水计算中的应用     

史沈彬  秦秀梅  李中艳  汪晶 《地下水》2013,35(2)

对沙丘前沿区的产汇流机制进行了探讨,分析地表产流面积随着降雨量不同而发生动态变化的规律,研究该区域的设计洪水计算新方法.其结果为沙丘出流河流的相似流域设计洪水计算提供借鉴.  相似文献   

皇甫川流域次洪水沙特征值变化特点          下载免费PDF全文

金双彦  朱世同  张志恒  梁霄  罗琳 《水文》2013,33(5):88-91

黄河流域径流量呈现锐减趋势,径流锐减突出表现在中游河口镇至龙门区间。以河龙区间皇甫川流域为典型支流,选择19542012年洪峰流量大于100m3/s的洪水共271场,分析了次洪水沙特征值的变化。得出如下结论:近些年洪水发生次数和年最大洪峰流量高值出现次数均有减少趋势;次洪洪量和次洪沙量基本呈现逐年代减少的趋势,沙量减少幅度远大于洪量的减幅;涨洪历时比较短,峰型普遍偏尖瘦;洪峰流量大的洪水的基流量占洪量的百分比明显低于洪峰流量小的洪水对应的比值。  相似文献   

沁水盆地东缘洪水地区15号煤层储层特征研究     

熊涛  黄勇  朱宝存 《中国煤炭地质》2013,(12):49-51,63

洪水地区位于沁水盆地东缘中部,15号煤层是该区主要的可采煤层之一,根据区内煤层气参数井测试数据、试井资料及煤炭地质勘查资料,对15号煤层储层特征进行了研究。结果显示：研究区15号煤层为高变质程度的贫煤,煤储层渗透率在0．047～0．1lmD,属低渗透率煤层,储层压力梯度为0．402～0．965MPa／lOOm,平均为0．672MPa／100m,属于欠压地层,煤层含气量为9．02—20．67m3／t,平均16．18m。／t,含气量较高。整体来看,研究区属于低渗透、低储层压力梯度和临储比,高含气量的煤层气富集区。  相似文献   

High resolution records of flood deposition in the mud area off the Changjiang River mouth during the past century     

胡刚  李安春  刘健  徐刚  梅西  孔祥淮 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):909-920

This paper presents a paleoflood study to determine the flood frequency of the Changjiang River, based on core cj0702, taken from the Changjiang River subaqueous delta. We identified flood deposits by means of high-resolution grain-size variation, sensitive population, geochemical indexes and magnetic susceptibility. The core covers a time span of 120 years by 210 Pb dating and was sampled at 1–2 cm intervals. Grain size, geochemical elements, and physical parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment of the core is mainly composed of silt and clay, as well as groups of interbedded silt, clay silt, and clay. Vertically, the grain size pattern was controlled by seasonal variations in water discharge and by the sediment input in winter from the abandoned Huanghe River delta. River flooding caused extreme values in all our measured parameters. We identified more than 20 flood events that occurred since 1887 using the physical parameter analysis method. The environmentally sensitive component of sediment grain size(14.32–96.39 μm) contribution30%, Zr/Rb ratio1.5, and magnetic susceptibility16 were selected as the criteria for flood identification generally. We also found that floods that had taken place in the upstream, midstream, or downstream parts of the river were clearly identified by these indexes while the large-scale floods that covered the whole drainage area did not leave clear indications in the sediment record. This study for identification of flood events is of great significance for understanding hyperpycnal current sedimentation as well as for forecasting of floods.  相似文献   

Simplified Wave Models Applicability to Shallow Mud Flows Modeled as Power-Law Fluids     

Cristiana DI CRISTO  Michele IERVOLINO  Andrea VACCA 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1454-1465

Simplified wave models- such as kinematic,diffusion and quasi-steady- are widely employed as a convenient replacement of the full dynamic one in the analysis of unsteady open-channel flows,and especially for flood routing.While their use may guarantee a significant reduction of the computational effort,it is mandatory to define the conditions in which they may be confidently applied.The present paper investigates the applicability conditions of the kinematic,diffusion and quasisteady dynamic shallow wave models for mud flows of power-law fluids.The power-law model describes in an adequate and convenient way fluids that at low shear rates fluids do not posses yield stress,such as clay or kaolin suspensions,which are frequently encountered in Chinese rivers.In the framework of a linear analysis,the propagation characteristics of a periodic perturbation of an initial steady uniform flow predicted by the simplified models are compared with those of the full dynamic one.Based on this comparison,applicability criteria for the different wave approximations for mud flood of power-law fluids are derived.The presented results provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate approximation for a given flow problem,and therefore they may represent a useful tool for engineering predictions.  相似文献   

长白山天池火山溃湖洪水最大流量的初步估算及影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘俊清  孙继财  武成智  李克 《地震地质》2013,35(1):85-91

长白山天池火山是目前最具潜在喷发危险的活火山。依据长白山天池火山的最新监测研究成果,结合地形地貌、水文流域特点及天池火山历史喷发类型,重点分析了长白山天池火山未来喷发时发生溃湖洪水的危险性。利用相关的水动力学公式,建立了溃口规模和洪水湿周、流量和流速的内在关系。详细分析溃湖洪峰在下游二道白河镇、白山水电站、红石水电站等关键位置的最大流量及流速。结果表明,若天池火山湖水溃泄一半即10亿m3时,距火山口50km处的二道白河镇瞬时洪水流速达84 904m3/s,该镇将全部被淹没。下游的白山水库、丰满水库将分别受到流量23 560m3/s和1 505m3/s洪水的冲击,水库安全受到严重威胁。  相似文献   

The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Jiang Chang  Jingbao Li  Dianqing Lu  Xiang Zhu  Chengzhi Lu  Yueyun Zhou  Chuxiong Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):771-786

Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake.  相似文献