Spectroscopic Characterization of Compost at Different Maturity Stages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Riccardo Spaccini  Alessandro Piccolo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):152-157

We studied the physicochemical and molecular changes of compost during its maturation within 60, 90, and 150 days after the composting process. Moreover, the changes were also studied in compost residues after sequential removal of lipidic compounds. Infrared DRIFT spectrometry and ¹³C‐CPMAS‐NMR spectroscopy indicate that the molecular composition of compost changes dramatically during the stabilization period. The most decomposable components, mainly represented by bioavailable lipidic and peptidic structures, were progressively mineralized passing from 60 days to longer periods of compost stabilization. At increasing maturity stages, the composition of organic matter underwent a progressive enrichment in stable hydrophobic and ligno‐cellulosic material. The sequential extraction of lipidic compounds allowed an improved characterization of substrates and confirmed the outlined progressive transformation of compost. Compost may well be chosen on the basis of selected characteristics for environmental applications.  相似文献   

13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白峰  马鸿文 《现代地质》2008,22(5):838-844

对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m²/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm³/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。  相似文献   

喀斯特与非喀斯特区土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13C关系的对比研究—— 以贵州清镇市王家寨小流域为例     

葛永罡  王世杰 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):108-114

通过测定贵州省清镇市王家寨小流域内不同背景区(喀斯特与非喀斯特)土壤的含水量以及16种植物叶片的δ13 C值,比较了不同背景区从退化生态到非退化生态过程中各样地之间,以及石漠化和土山样地不同坡位之间土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系。研究结果表明,不管是喀斯特背景区还是非喀斯特背景区从退化到非退化的过程中,随着土壤含水量的逐渐增大,植物叶片的δ13 C值与土壤含水量呈现显著的负相关关系,即土壤含水量越大,植物的水分利用效率就越低;而从不同坡位土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系分析表明,石漠化样地植物叶片δ13 C值并不随坡位土壤含水量的不同呈现出规律性的变化,而坡位自上而下土山样地植物叶片的δ13 C值则表现出随土壤含水量的增大而逐渐趋负。这些研究结果均反映了植物叶片的δ13 C值对不同生境土壤水分条件的适应机制,其中石漠化样地上的植物对土壤含水量变化的响应最迅速和最敏感。   相似文献   

Late-Holocene equatorial environments inferred from deposition processes,carbon isotopes of organic matter,and pollen in three shallow lakes of Gabon,west-central Africa     

Pierre Giresse  Makaya Mvoubou  Jean Maley  Alfred Ngomanda 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(2):369-392

Seven vibro-cores were collected from three shallow lakes of the Gabon (Kamalété, Nguène, Maridor) along a 300-km west–east transect close to the Equator. These lakes are located in very distinct landscapes: coastal forest-savanna mosaic, rain forest and savanna with colonising forest, respectively. Core chronologies were established by radiocarbon dating. Study of these lacustrine archives (textural variables, clay minerals, organic matter components, δ¹³C, pollen) allowed comparison of late Holocene environmental changes recorded at each site and with results from other studies. Lake Kamalété indicates minor climatic deterioration (increased drying and greater seasonality) between 1,410 and 500 cal. years BP, which is also recognised in southern Cameroon and east-central Africa. Lake Nguène was surrounded by dense moist forest throughout the last 4,110 years, but shows significant deterioration from ~2,800 cal. years BP, a phenomenon seen at nearby sites. Lake Maridor shows a decline of forest initiated a little after 3,800 cal. years BP, which indicates timing that is distinct from the two other sites. This was probably a response to local conditions (i.e. outlet damming). Although the three lakes display generally parallel climatic trends perhaps linked to SST oscillations, there is not perfect coherence between these three sites. Differences among the three basins may be attributable to local factors like groundwater hydrology and slope instabilities of such shallow lake systems in this equatorial region.  相似文献   

西部中国沙棘叶片稳定碳同位素组成的空间特征及其气候意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

刘光琇  张威  陈桂琛  章高森  李田  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2009,29(5):866-871

分析了西部中国沙棘（Hippophate rhamnoides sinensis）叶片稳定碳同位素组成特征及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值在-30.40‰~-24.91‰之间变化,平均值约为-27.62‰,属于C3植物。随纬度和经度的升高,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值明显升高,而随海拔的升高而降低,具有明显的空间分布特征。中国沙棘叶片δ13C值与温度没有明显的关系,随蒸发量和日照时间的升高而升高,随降水量的升高有降低趋势,具有明显的气候意义。表明中国沙棘具有较高的水分利用效率,水分是控制中国沙棘δ13C值变化或生长的主导因子。  相似文献   

Organic structure and possible origin of ancient charred paddies at Chuodun Site in southern China     

LinChao Hu  Xia Li  BenDing Liu  Min Gu  JingYu Dai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(1):93-100

A number of ancient charred paddies with a ¹⁴C dating of about 5900 a BP were recovered in the sixth excavation at Chuodun Site and are assigned to the Majiabang culture (7–6 ka BP). To understand their formation mechanism, the ancient charred paddies were compared to modern paddies using FT-IR spectrum and thermaogravimetric analysis. At the same time, modern charred paddies were made in helium by the laboratory method, and the structural characteristics of them and the ancient ones were revealed using CP/MAS-¹³C-NMR. Our results show there are more aromatic moieties in ancient charred paddies compared to modern paddies. The aliphatic components of modern charred paddies decrease continuously, accompanied by the accumulation of aromatic components, when the duration and temperature of oxidation increase, and the structure buildings of modern charred paddies are more similar to ancient ones. Given the planting manner of paddies during Majiabang culture period, these ancient charred paddies might be a result of the original farming mode involving fire. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40571088)  相似文献   

赣江上游河流水化学的影响因素及DIC 来源   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

李甜甜  季宏兵  江用彬  王丽新 《地理学报》2007,62(7):764-775

对赣江上游38 处水体采样点的水化学特征和溶解无机碳稳定同位素的分析, 发现其总溶解质浓度较低, 其中, 阳离子以Na⁺、Ca²⁺ 为主, 阴离子以Cl^- 和HCO₃ ^- 为主, Si 的浓度较高, 表征了典型硅酸盐地区河流的水化学组成特征。通过海盐校正分析得出, 研究区大气降水对河水溶解质的贡献率为11.5%, 扣除降水的贡献部分, 利用主成分分析的方法, 计算得出赣南流域受硅酸盐岩风化作用强烈, 同时由于受附近盐矿的影响, 蒸发盐岩的风化作用显著。另外, 根据δ¹³C 溶解无机碳DIC 的测量值约为-8.35‰~-13.74‰, 平均为-11.65‰, 利用质量平衡计算得出, 研究区DIC 的主要来源, 约68.5%来自于土壤CO₂, 31.5%来自于碳酸盐矿物的溶解, 进而得出流域岩石化学风化过程消耗的土壤CO₂ 为2.11×105 mol/yr·km², 来自碳酸盐本身的HCO₃ ^-含量为9.6×104 mol/yr·km²。由于地理位置和流域环境以及人为因素的差异, 各支流DIC 来源的比例亦有所差异。  相似文献   

荒漠植物叶片碳同位素组成及其水分利用效率   总被引：46，自引：17，他引：29  

陈拓  冯虎元  徐世建  强维亚  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2002,22(3):288-291

水分通常是影响荒漠植物生长的主要限制因子,然而当前很少有关于荒漠群落中植物水分利用效率的报道。作为指示水分利用效率的可靠指标,叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³ C值)可以用来探讨植物适应干旱环境的强弱程度。对阜康和金塔同种或同属的植物叶片δ¹³ C的测量结果表明,干旱可使植物叶片δ¹³ C升高:年降水量每增加1mm,叶片δ¹³ C则降低001‰~ 0015‰。阜康荒漠灌木叶片δ¹³ C值明显高于草本,这样的趋势也存在于甘肃金塔主要荒漠植物中,与前人的报道也基本一致。说明灌木可能更适应干旱胁迫,并且这种现象可能是全球荒漠生态系统的一种共性。对阜康四种荒漠代表植物红砂、梭梭、补血草和骆驼刺的SOD活性的测定结果间接地支持了这一结果。进一步的分析表明,藜科、豆科和某些禾本科植物适应干旱环境的能力相对较强。  相似文献   

利用浮石合成13X型分子筛最佳工艺条件的研究     

金为群  权新军  蒋引珊  张军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(2)

以吉林省长白山地区的天然浮石为原料，成功地合成了１３Ｘ型分子筛，对其合成路线，反应条件进行了研究，确定了合成１３Ｘ型分子筛的最佳工艺条件，并通过Ｘ射线衍射法及差热分析等手段证明了产物的结构  相似文献   

Chemical structural models for coalified wood (vitrinite) in low rank coal     

Patrick G. Hatcher 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,16(4-6)

Examination of a series of coalified gymnospermous woods ranging in rank from brown coal to subbituminous coal by solid-state ¹³C NMR and analytical pyrolysis has provided sufficient information to construct structural models depicting the changes that occur to lignin, the primary precursor of vitrinite, during coalification. Progressive changes in the chemistry of coalified wood suggest the following series of reactions: (1) demethylation to form catechol-like structures that are dominant components of brown coal and lignite A; (2) cleavage of aryl ether linkages to form phenols and reactive carbocations that alkylate the catechol rings; (3) dehydration of the catechol rings; (3) dehydration of the catechol-like structures to form the structures of subbituminous coal dominated by alkylphenols; and (4) reduction of the 3-carbon alkyl side chain derived from lignin to form propyl substituents. The models developed for each stage of coalification are derived from chemical modifications of the structure of lignin.  相似文献