胶州湾养殖海区沉积物中酸可挥发性硫的研究   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

霍文毅  李全生  马锡年 《地理科学》2001,21(2):135-139

沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）的含量对控制重金属在沉积物/间隙水中的分配和重金属的生物可利用性方面有重要意义，也是海洋养殖业的重要指标之一，研究改正目前《海洋监测规范》中沉积物酸可挥发硫化物的测定方法基础上，建立了一套简单易行的仪器装置和分析程序，讨论了N2流量、反应时间、酸强度、硫总量4个方面对测定结果的影响，给出了胶州湾海区沉积物中AVS的定量数据，表明胶州湾养殖海区沉积物中AVS的含量显著高于非养殖海区和其它海湾沉积物中AVS的定量数据，表明胶州湾养殖海区沉积物中AVS的含量显著高于非养殖海区和其它海湾沉积物中AVS的含量，探讨了应用AVS归一化沉积物中二价有毒金属评价其化学活性和生物可用性的可能性。  相似文献   

晶安高科“三废”治理及综合利用     

罗方承 《矿产与地质》2001,15(Z1):540-547

介绍了晶安高科污染源的来源、采取的措施及综合治理、利用方法.使废水指标由PH11～12;SS<1000mg/l;CODcr≤200mg/l;氨氮≤200mg/l降到PH6～9;SS<70mg/l;CODcr≤100mg/l;氨氮≤15mg/l;酸雾指标由HCl500～800mg/m3达到小于25～40mg/m3;炉窑烟气由林格曼黑度5,烟尘浓度2700～5191mg/Nm3降到林格曼黑度1,烟尘浓度小于200mg/Nm3;硅渣可生产复合絮凝剂和白炭黑,不仅可改善环境影响,而且可回收盐酸和利用废资源,可给企业带来经济效益.  相似文献   

An assessment of acid rock drainage continuous monitoring technology     

K. Fytas  J. Hadjigeorgiou 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(1):36-42

In order to assess the magnitude and impact at affected mine sites of acid rock drainage (ARD), fixed-frequency sampling is often employed. This often involves manual sampling, at regular time intervals, of water and solids. It is felt that such sampling does not adequately describe the system evolution. Continuous monitoring offers a viable alternative in that it can better follow the seasonal fluctuations and high-frequency variations that characterize ARD. This paper evaluates existing continuous monitoring technology.  相似文献   

中国和日本降水化学特性的分析比较   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

黄美元  植田洋匡  刘帅仁 《大气科学》1993,17(1):27-38

本文对中国33个站、日本29个站及美国9个站的降水化学资料进行了分析比较.结果表明,中、日、美三国的降水化学特性有很大不同.三国都有酸雨,但以美国的pH平均值最低.雨水中离子总浓度以中国为最高,其中SO_4~=,NH_4~+和Ca~(++)的浓度特别高.日本雨水中Cl~-和Na~+的浓度很高.NO_3~-在美国雨水中最高.从雨水中离子结构组成和几种重要参量的比值分析表明,中国雨水中的离子浓度受陆地源影响很大,而影响日本雨水中离子浓度最大因素是海洋.在美国以工业交通污染的影响相对最大.文中还对中、日两国不同地区的降水化学特性进行了分析和讨论.  相似文献   

1991年江淮特大洪涝灾害的剖析与研究          下载免费PDF全文

陆渝蓉  陈星 《地球物理学报》1993,36(3):369-375

1991年气候异常,入春以后雨量偏多,5月中旬起,高空低槽不断东移,北方冷空气频频南下,北太平洋副热带高压增强很快,高压脊线西伸北抬,梅雨提早发生,雨期连绵两三个月,范围广、强度大、持续时间长,加上长江和淮河的洪水夹击,使江淮流域和太湖地区遭受了历史上罕见的特大暴雨洪涝灾害.本文从江淮地区的地理气候特点出发,分析了导致这场灾害的大气环流异常和下垫面水文水利状况,研究了形成这场灾害的雨情特征、水情特征和灾情特征,并与1954年的特大洪涝灾害相对比,揭示了这次暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征与机理.  相似文献   

区域酸沉降模式   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

贾新媛 《大气科学》1993,17(6):732-740

本文提出一个区域的欧拉酸雨模式,包括了大气中污染物质的输送、扩散、非线性化学转化和干湿沉降等物理和化学过程.气相化学反应有18种化学物质,包含了二氧化硫气相氧化的主要化学方程.液相氧化反应包含了H_2O_2,O_3及催化剂对二氧化硫的氧化过程.水平方向有35×35个网格点,垂直方向分15层.选用了四川、贵州地区1988年的8次降水过程对模式作了检验,结果证明模式能较好地模拟这个地区的二氧化硫、硫酸根及降水pH的分布状况.  相似文献   

A simple field-portable rainfall simulator for difficult terrain     

A. C. Imeson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1977,2(4):431-436

A small portable rainfall simulator is described which is inexpensive to construct and use and which requires relatively little water. Although drops are produced by drop-formers a satisfactory drop-size distribution is obtained by allowing the drops to break-up by falling onto a 3 mm wire mesh. The kinetic energy of the simulated rain is lower than that of natural rainfall because of the low fall height. Characteristics of the simulated rain are described and the use of the simulator briefly illustrated by results obtained from forested areas in Luxembourg.  相似文献   

Characteristic features of atmospheric aerosols over India and their role in warm rain process     

R. K. Kapoor  K. K. Kanuga  S. K. Paul  S. K. Sharma 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(4):583-598

Atmospheric aerosols are a crucial link in the physical processes, involved in the formation and growth of precipitating clouds. Extensive aerosol measurements in surface air and in the lower troposphere were made at inland and coastal stations of different regions in India. At inland stations, the hygroscopic fraction of the total aerosol content is found to be a useful characteristic for distinguishing between the monsoon and summer airflow, as well as an indicator for a good or a badly developed monsoon. At coastal stations, however, this feature is not observed.Measurements as a function of height brought out that the aerosol varied widely in air over different seasons. During monsoon, the hygroscopic fraction was found highest at the cloud base level and was closely linked to the development of rain. Details of these investigations are presented.  相似文献   

On the scavenging of SO2 by cloud and raindrops: I. A theoretical study of SO2 absorption and desorption for water drops in air     

C. J. Walcek  H. R. Pruppacher 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1983,1(3):269-289

An extention of our previous theory for trace gas absorption into freely-falling cloud and raindrops is presented. This theory describes the convective diffusion of a trace gas through air and into a water drop with internal circulation, the drop falling at its terminal velocity. Using flow fields for the circulating water inside and for the moving air outside the drop, obtained by numerical solutions to the Navier—Stokes equation of motion, we numerically solved the convective diffusion equation to determine the uptake of SO₂ by water drops of various sizes, time exposure to the gas phase, and concentration of SO₂ in the gas phase. It was found that for drops of radius larger than 1 mm and relatively low gas concentrations (10 ppb (v)), resistance to gas diffusion lies mainly in the gas phase; while for drops of radius less than 500 m and gas concentrations larger than those found in the atmosphere (1% (v)), the resistance to diffusion lies primarily in the liquid phase. With drop sizes and gas concentrations between these limits, the rate of SO₂ uptake is controlled by a coupled resistance to diffusion inside and outside the drop. In addition to our general model, a simplified version was formulated which allows considerable savings in computer time for evaluation and improved ease of handling without significant loss of accuracy. A comparison between our simplified model and that of Barrie (1978) shows that the boundary-layer approach of Barrie may be a useful alternate approach to estimating trace gas absorption by water drops, provided appropriate values are chosen for the thickness of the boundary layers involved.  相似文献   

Evaluation of acid-producing sulfidic materials in Virginia highway corridors     

Zenah?W.?OrndorffEmail author  W.?Lee Daniels 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(2):209-216

Road construction through sulfidic materials in Virginia has resulted in localized acid rock drainage (ARD) that threatens water quality, sedimentation, integrity of building materials, and vegetation management. Geologic formations associated with acid roadcuts were characterized by potential peroxide acidity (PPA), expressed as calcium carbonate equivalence (CCE), and total sulfur (total-S) in order to develop a statewide sulfide hazard rating map. The geologic formations were grouped into four categories based on potential acid-producing severity: i) Tabb formation (PPA<6 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<0.2%); ii) Ashe formation (PPA<18 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<2.0%); iii) Chesapeake Group, Lower Tertiary deposits, Millboro shale, Marcellus shale, and Needmore Formation (PPA<60 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<2.6%), and; iv) Chattanooga shale and Quantico slate (PPA<99 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<3.9%). Sulfide hazard analysis should be an essential step in the pre-design phase of highway construction and other earth-disturbing activities.  相似文献