Fan beheading and drainage diversion as evidence of a 3200-2800 BP earthquake event in the Esmeraldas-Tumaco seismic zone: A case study for the effects of great subduction earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.F. Dumont  E. Santana  F. Valdez  J.P. Tihay  P. Usselmann  D. Iturralde  E. Navarette 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):100-123

The San Lorenzo area belongs to the Esmeraldas–Tumaco seismic zone where some of the strongest earthquakes of South America occurred during the 20th century. This paper provides evidence for a succession of geomorphic changes characterized by the disruption of the Quaternary drainage network and the reshaping of the Cayapas–Santiago estuary. The rise of the La Boca uplift bordered by the La Boca and San Lorenzo faults is responsible for the southward diversion of the Palabi, Tululbi, Bogotá and Carolina rivers toward the Santiago and Cayapas rivers. The increase of the discharge directed to the Cayapas River generated the change of the channel pattern downstream from the confluence, and the avulsion of a new estuary through the coastal plain. According to the dating of beach ridges the avulsion occurred in the period 3200–2800 BP. This period corresponds also to a faster accretion of the beach ridge margin, interpreted as a response to a small uplift of the shore. The coherency of the three morphologic evidences—diversion of drainage network, avulsion and increase of coastal accretion—suggest a unique morphotectonic event, in relation with the activity of the Esmaraldas–Tumaco seismic zone. The opening of a direct communication through the mangrove margin may have brought favorable conditions for the development of the La Tolita archaeological site after 3000 BP.  相似文献   

Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronogical evidence from Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey) region     

Osman Parlak 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(4):609-627

In southeast Anatolia, there are number of tectonomagmatic units in the Kahramanmaraş–Malatya–Elazığ region that are important in understanding the geological evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt during the Late Cretaceous. These are (a) metamorphic massifs, (b) ophiolites, (c) ophiolite-related metamorphics and (d) granitoids. The granitoids (i.e. Göksun–Afşin in Kahramanmaraş, Doğanşehir in Malatya and Baskil in Elazığ) intrude all the former units in a NE–SW trending direction. The granitoid in Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş) region is mainly composed of granodioritic and granitic in composition. The granodiorite contains a number of amphibole-bearing mafic microgranular enclaves of different sizes, whereas the granite is intruded by numerous aplitic dikes. The granitoid rocks have typical calcalkaline geochemical features. The REE- and Ocean ridge granite-normalized multi-element patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams, as well as biotite geochemistry suggest that the granitoids were formed in a volcanic arc setting. The K–Ar geochronology of the granitoid rocks yielded ages ranging from 85.76±3.17 to 77.49±1.91 Ma. The field, geochemical and geochronological data suggest the following Late Cretaceous tectonomagmatic scenario for southeast Anatolia. The ophiolites were formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting whereas the ophiolite-related metamorphic rocks formed either during the initiation of intraoceanic subduction or late-thrusting (∼90 Ma). These units were then overthrust by the Malatya–Keban platform during the progressive elimination of the southern Neotethys. Thrusting of the Malatya–Keban platform over the ophiolites and related metamorphic rocks was followed by the intrusion of the granitoids (88–85 Ma) along the Tauride active continental margin in the southern Neotethys.  相似文献   

东南沿海地震活动特征量     

周峥嵘  林树  鲍挺 《福建地震》2006,(Z2)

1970年以来,东南沿海地区经历了上世纪末以来明显的第Ⅴ活跃幕(或轮回)平静和活跃时段,本文通过分析研究这两个时段地震活动在时空强上的差异性,定量提取其活动演化过程参量,为该区未来地震活动期判定提供相对定量的参考依据。  相似文献   

吉林台爆破料应力应变关系的三轴试验研究     

侯新强  张远芳  高盟  慈军  刘红  张之科 《新疆地质》2005,23(2):194-198

通过室内大型三轴实验，研究了吉林台水库爆破料在不同级配下的应力应变关系，得到了在一定击实功下爆破料的最大干密度随细料含量变化的规律，分析了爆破料在不同级配和不同围压下应力与应变的变化规律、轴向应变与体积应变的关系及抗剪强度变化特性．从微观的角度说明了变化规律产生的原因，得出爆破料的抗剪强度随级配的变化而变化的规律．  相似文献   

绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅰ):试验结果   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17  

徐卫亚  杨圣奇  杨松林  谢守益  邵建富  王义锋 《岩土力学》2005,26(4):531-537

为了解锦屏一级水电站坝基绿片岩的流变力学特性，采用岩石全自动流变伺服仪对绿片岩进行了三轴压缩流变试验。基于试验结果，研究了绿片岩在不同围压作用下的轴向应变以及侧向应变随时间的变化规律，讨论了流变特性对岩石应力一应变曲线的影响，探讨了不同应力水平下的轴向以及侧向流变速率变化趋势，分析了不同围压下流变的破裂机制，掌握了绿片岩三轴流变的基本规律，从而为该水电站工程流变数值分析时参数的辨识提供了可靠的依据。  相似文献   

抽水引起的含水层水平应变──地裂缝活动新机理   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

王庆良  刘玉海  陈志新  王文萍 《工程地质学报》2002,10(1):46-50

基于Darcy -Gersevanov广义渗流关系式 ,本文首先导出了单井定流量抽水引起的泰斯承压含水层水平运动和应变解析表达式 ,并据此提出了抽水诱发地裂缝活动的含水层水平应变新机理 ,其主要观点为 :受井栅的约束阻挡作用 ,抽水活动将在含水层内部形成近井径向挤压区和远井径向拉张区两个应变区域 ,随着抽水时间的增长 ,近井径向挤压区将逐渐向外扩展 ;当地裂缝及其下伏断层或裂隙位于抽水活动引起的径向拉张应变区域时 ,地裂缝将出现加速活动 ;反之 ,当地裂缝处于抽水活动引起的径向挤压应变区域时 ,地裂缝活动反而受到抑制。上述地裂缝活动机理通过大同机车工厂现场抽水实验得到了初步证实。  相似文献   

Pseudodynamic tests on rubber base isolators with numerical substructuring of the superstructure and strain‐rate effect compensation     

F. J. Molina  G. Verzeletti  G. Magonette  Ph. Buchet  V. Renda  M. Geradin  A. Parducci  M. Mezzi  A. Pacchiarotti  L. Federici  S. Mascelloni 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(8):1563-1582

A pseudodynamic testing procedure has been applied by which the seismic response of a base‐isolated building is obtained by using as specimen the isolators, while the superstructure is numerically simulated. The procedure also takes advantage of the continuous pseudodynamic testing capabilities of the ELSA laboratory, which increase the accuracy of the results and reduce the strain‐rate effect of the rubber bearings. A simple proportional correction of the measured forces compensates the remaining strain‐rate effect due to the unrealistic speed of the test. The correction factor is obtained by means of a characterizing test on the specific rubber isolators. The developed method has been successfully applied to the prediction of the seismic response of a base‐isolated four‐storey building submitted to several specified accelerograms. The results for those earthquakes as well as the effects of some changes of the parameters of the system are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An experimental study of grain scale melt segregation mechanisms in two common crustal rock types   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. W. Holyoke  III    T. Rushmer 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2002,20(5):493-512

Creation of pathways for melt to migrate from its source is the necessary first step for transport of magma to the upper crust. To test the role of different dehydration‐melting reactions in the development of permeability during partial melting and deformation in the crust, we experimentally deformed two common crustal rock types. A muscovite‐biotite metapelite and a biotite gneiss were deformed at conditions below, at and above their fluid‐absent solidus. For the metapelite, temperatures ranged between 650 and 800 °C at P_c=700 MPa to investigate the muscovite‐dehydration melting reaction. For the biotite gneiss, temperatures ranged between 850 and 950 °C at P_c=1000 MPa to explore biotite dehydration‐melting under lower crustal conditions. Deformation for both sets of experiments was performed at the same strain rate (ε.) 1.37×10^?5 s^?1. In the presence of deformation, the positive ΔV and associated high dilational strain of the muscovite dehydration‐melting reaction produces an increase in melt pore pressure with partial melting of the metapelite. In contrast, the biotite dehydration‐melting reaction is not associated with a large dilational strain and during deformation and partial melting of the biotite gneiss melt pore pressure builds more gradually. Due to the different rates in pore pressure increase, melt‐enhanced deformation microstructures reflect the different dehydration melting reactions themselves. Permeability development in the two rocks differs because grain boundaries control melt distribution to a greater extent in the gneiss. Muscovite‐dehydration melting may develop melt pathways at low melt fractions due to a larger volume of melt, in comparison with biotite‐dehydration melting, generated at the solidus. This may be a viable physical mechanism in which rapid melt segregation from a metapelitic source rock can occur. Alternatively, the results from the gneiss experiments suggest continual draining of biotite‐derived magma from the lower crust with melt migration paths controlled by structural anisotropies in the protolith.  相似文献   

Fluid permeability of sedimentary rocks in a complete stress–strain process     

J. -A. Wang  H. D. Park   《Engineering Geology》2002,63(3-4):291-300

The permeability of sedimentary rocks during triaxial compression tests was investigated to relate it to the complete strain–stress process. It was found that the permeability was not constant, but varied with the stress and strain states in the rocks. Prior to the peak strength, the permeability decreases with increasing load. A dramatic increase in permeability occurs during the strain softening period. In the present study, in situ measurements of fluid flow and pressure in floor strata was carried out in a double longwall mining face in the Yangzhuang colliery. These measurements show that both the strata pressure and the position with respect to the mining face influence the hydrogeologic properties. The permeability increased in the floor strata behind the mining face because those mining induced fractures opened as the strata pressure decreased. To better understand this change in hydraulic behavior around the mining faces, 3-D numerical modeling was carried out. The model provides the general picture of the stress distribution and failure zone both in the floor and roof strata. The field and model results demonstrate the importance of changes in the stress and strain states on the hydrogeology of a site.  相似文献   

辽宁城市活断层探测思路与方法探讨     

高常波  吴小兵  万波  钟以章 《东北地震研究》2002,18(4):1-6

介绍了开展地震活断层探测的意义及在辽宁省开展地震活断层探测的必要性，对在辽宁城市开展活断层探测的基本思路和方法进行了探讨，选取沈阳，抚顺作为试点城市，设定目标区和目标断裂，分别对活断层危险性，危害性和深部发震构造环境进行评价。在断裂探测过程中，确定初步探测和详细探测两个阶段，主要采用人工地震方法并结合钻探，地震划分结果，对目标区内的目标断裂进行评价。  相似文献