Adapting and coping with climate change in temperate forests     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

A growing body of research documents how individuals respond to local impacts of global climate change and a range of policy efforts aim to help individuals reduce their exposure and improve their livelihoods despite these stressors. Yet there is still limited understanding of how to determine whether and how adaptation is occurring. Through qualitative analysis of focus group interviews, I evaluated individual behavioral responses to local forest stressors that can arguably be linked to global climate change among landowners in the Upper Midwest, USA. I found that landowner responses were planned as well as autonomous, more proactive than reactive, incremental rather than transformational, and aimed at being resilient to change and transitioning to new conditions, rather than resisting change alone. Many of the landowners’ responses can be considered forms of adaptation, rather than coping, because they were aimed at moderating and avoiding harm on long time horizons in anticipation of change. These findings stand in contrast to the short-term, reactive, and incremental responses that current socio-psychological theories of adaptation suggest are more typical at the individual level. This study contributes to scientific understanding of how to evaluate behavioral adaptation to climate change and differentiate it from coping, which is necessary for developing conceptually rigorous analytical frameworks to guide research and policy.  相似文献   

Weaponizing vulnerability to climate change     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

As scores of climate change adaptation measures are implemented around the world, there have been growing calls among academics and practitioners to also address the processes that underpin human vulnerability to climate change. However, there is mounting evidence that adaptation and vulnerability are linked, such that ostensibly adaptive responses can have negative consequences and augment people’s vulnerability. We analyzed several climate change responses at various scales and developed a typology of five discrete but related modes by which the vulnerability of already vulnerable populations is being [re]produced. Crucially, this work suggests that for at least one of these modes, the vulnerability of other groups is perversely inverted, such that relatively secure populations perceive themselves to be at risk. The cases we present illustrate that people’s vulnerability is being used against them, or put another way, is being weaponized―exacerbating their precarity by excluding them from much needed and due assistance, while directing resources instead to bolstering the well-being of those already well-positioned to respond to climate threats. Our typology provides a theoretical intervention by illustrating how climate vulnerability and security are co-produced, as well as a practical tool to help decision makers to adopt more just and equitable climate policies.  相似文献   

Superior life history traits of Micromoina arboricola in a humic over a non-humic environment     

《Limnologica》2016

Micromoina arboricola, one of the smallest moinids on record, is currently known from a single tree hole in a tropical forest, containing a small volume of humic water, in quasi absolute darkness. We test whether it has been refuted to this environment by superior competitors, or whether it is genuinely adapted to this life space by culturing it in its native environment, and in a clear water environment supplemented with algal food, yeast and fermented fish ration. Only maturation time is similar between both treatments. Total offspring, number of clutches, average clutch size and longevity are higher in the humic treatment. Population growth is initially higher in the clearwater treatment, but then collapses. In the humic treatment there is a steady ascent towards a stable plateau. We conclude that the species is better adapted to its microcosm than to a ‘normal’ aquatic biotope.  相似文献   

Community clusters in wildlife and environmental management: using TEK and community involvement to improve co-management in an era of rapid environmental change     

Martha Dowsley 《Polar research》2009,28(1):43-59

Environmental change has stressed wildlife co-management systems in the Arctic because parameters are changing more rapidly than traditional scientific monitoring can accommodate. Co-management systems have also been criticized for not fully integrating harvesters into the local management of resources. These two problems can be approached through the use of spatially-defined human social units termed community clusters, which are based on the demographic or ecological units being managed. An examination of polar bear management in Nunavut Territory, Canada, shows that community clusters provide a forum to collect and analyse traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) over a geographic area that mirrors the management unit, providing detailed information of local conditions. This case study also provides examples of how instituting community clusters at a governance level provides harvesters with social space in which to develop their roles as managers, along the continuum from being powerless spectators to active, adaptive co-managers. Five steps for enhancing co-management systems through the inclusion of community clusters and their knowledge are: (1) the acceptance of TEK, science, the precautionary principle and the right of harvesters not to be constrained by overly-conservative management decisions; (2) data collection involving TEK and science, and a collaboration between the two; (3) institutionalization of community clusters for data collection; (4) institutionalization of community clusters in the management process; and (5) grass-roots initiatives to take advantage of the social space provided by the community cluster approach, in order to adapt the management to local conditions, and to effect policy changes at higher levels, so as to better meet local objectives.  相似文献   

Community collaboration and climate change research in the Canadian Arctic     

Tristan D. Pearce  James D. Ford  Gita J. Laidler  Barry Smit  Frank Duerden  Mishak Allarut  Mark Andrachuk  Steven Baryluk  rew Dialla  Pootoogoo Elee  Annie Goose  Theo Ikummaq  Eric Joamie  Fred Kataoyak  Eric Loring  Stephanie Meakin  Scott Nickels  Kip Shappa  Jamal Shirley  & Johanna Wandel 《Polar research》2009,28(1):10-27

Research on climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, particularly projects aiming to contribute to practical adaptation initiatives, requires active involvement and collaboration with community members and local, regional and national organizations that use this research for policy-making. Arctic communities are already experiencing and adapting to environmental and socio-cultural changes, and researchers have a practical and ethical responsibility to engage with communities that are the focus of the research. This paper draws on the experiences of researchers working with communities across the Canadian Arctic, together with the expertise of Inuit organizations, Northern research institutes and community partners, to outline key considerations for effectively engaging Arctic communities in collaborative research. These considerations include: initiating early and ongoing communication with communities, and regional and national contacts; involving communities in research design and development; facilitating opportunities for local employment; and disseminating research findings. Examples of each consideration are drawn from climate change research conducted with communities in the Canadian Arctic.  相似文献   

气候变化适应行动实施框架   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

居煇  李玉娥  许吟隆  姜帅 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(6):55-58

气候变化适应对脆弱地区和贫困群体更为重要。尽管我国急需采取适应行动,但由于缺乏可操作性的模式和评估方法,目前实际的适应行动还略显滞后。本文建立了一个适应行动实施框架,主要包含六个核心步骤,从气候风险、适应目标、适应措施、技术优化、实施示范到监测评估,基本涵盖了适应行动的关键内容。框架的构建具有一定的通用性和借鉴性,可以帮助适应实施者开发综合和战略性的适应措施。适应行动框架是一个开放和可更新的体系,可根据实践过程中新的认识,对适应行动做一定的再设计和调整,实施过程中还可提炼适应的基本信息和确定适应的优化技术。  相似文献   

What Determines the Distribution of Coastal Hydrobiid Mudsnails Within North-Western Europe?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. S. K. Barnes 《Marine Ecology》1999,20(2):97-110

The three north-west European species of Hydrobia are often partially segregated along salinity gradients and/or sympatric in the nontidal eastern Danish waters and Baltic Sea, but are rarely sympatric and are confined either to nontidal coastal lagoons ( Hydrobia ventrosa and Hydrobia neglecta ) or to the marine/estuarine intertidal zone ( Hydrobia ulvae ) along the macrotidal Atlantic and North Sea coasts. Significant interspecific competition has been found in Danish waters but not elsewhere in the Atlantic and North-Sea Europe. The two nontidal species and H. ulvae also possess contrasting reproductive strategies. The roles of life-history strategy, interspecific competition and between-habitat dispersal in restricting these mudsnails to their differing habitats are evaluated in the light of these and other findings. It is concluded that all are likely to be relevant, especially dispersal in maintaining and interspecific competition in opposing, mixed populations in the Kattegat-Baltic, and life-history strategy in maintaining the lagoonal versus intertidal dichotomy in the rest of north-west Europe. This dichotomy prevents segregation of species along common salinity gradients outside the Baltic region and restricts potential interspecific competition to within lagoons, where H. ulvae is at a recruitment disadvantage.  相似文献   

“后巴黎”时代气候适应国际合作进展与展望     

姜晓群  周泽宇  林哲艳  代兴良  谭灵芝 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(4):484-495

纵深并拓宽气候适应国际合作,是《巴黎协定》增强适应行动的主要内容,是“后巴黎”时代延续全面适应行动的重要组成部分。在系统地调研和梳理主要国家/集团适应气候变化国际合作机制以及全球气候适应国际合作重点领域的基础上,分析中国近年来开展的政府间交流机制,双、多边合作机制,国际组织合作以及与发展中国家开展的南南合作等适应气候变化合作重点工作,总结出资金缺乏、合作渠道多元化不足、国际合作模式亟待深化以及“后疫情”时代经济绿色复苏的挑战是中国开展适应气候变化国际合作面临的主要问题。“后巴黎”时代,中国作为全球生态文明建设的重要参与者、贡献者、引领者,深化气候适应国际合作将落脚于深度参与全球气候适应治理机制的建设、深化与全球适应中心的合作、探索气候适应国际合作重点领域和重点工作以及进一步开拓跨国对标城市间的适应气候变化国际合作。  相似文献   

气候变化感知和适应行为研究的可视化计量分析     

王鑫鑫  史兴民 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(4):466-475

基于Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库中2007—2019年发表的2075篇以"气候变化""感知"和"适应"为研究主题的文献,利用CiteSpace软件的网络可视化分析功能,并结合WOS的相关统计工具,对气候变化感知和适应行为领域的文献特征与演进历程进行研究,以期明确该领域的历史研究特征、知识基础和热点演...  相似文献   

Resettlement and climate change vulnerability: Evidence from rural China     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

The literature on migration and climate change has become increasingly attuned to the role of climatic factors in already complex migration dynamics, and amid different kinds of mobility. However, to date little evidence has been provided of the relationship between resettlement and climate change, including the degree to which resettlement may shape the vulnerability of households or communities. In this article we ask: is there any evidence that resettlement may be a driver of vulnerability and if so, what factors make resettled households more vulnerable when compared to non-resettled households? These questions are considered with reference to new evidence drawn from a livelihoods-based vulnerability analysis in a drought-prone, poverty county in China’s Shanxi Province, which encompassed households involved in local poverty resettlement programs. Evidence of the characteristics of resettled households compared to non-resettled households shows that resettlement adversely impacts on the household asset base, particularly in terms of financial and natural capital. It may therefore be a driver of vulnerability. At a time when the Chinese government is repackaging resettlement as a climate change adaptation measure, this article provides evidence that resettlement as it is currently practiced has the potential to amplify rather than alleviate household vulnerability to climate change.  相似文献