利用GPS资料采用非连续变形分析模型确定中国大陆地壳运动速度场   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

伍泽民  王岳  刘经南  崔天鹏 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(3):241-245

利用近10年来我国先后建立的多个大规模高精度GPS地壳形变监测网资料，科学合理地计算出各GPS站点的速度值。采用球面非连续变形分析（DDA）模型，以GPS观测得到的速度值为约束，拟合出了中国大陆现今地壳运动的速度场。它不仅客观地描述了地壳运动的刚性成分，也客观地描述了块体内部的变形，并且具有物理意义。该速度场模型较地质构造速度模型，离散点速度模型，刚体转运速度模型，配置拟合速度模型等有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

Deep crustal earthquakes and active faults along the Rukwa trough, eastern Africa     

T. Camelbeeck  M. D. Iranga 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,124(2):612-630

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Magnetic anomalies off West-Africa (20–38° N)     

J. Verhoef  B. J. Collette  J. J. Dañobeitia  H. A. Roeser  W. R. Roest 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1991,13(2):81-103

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Fish stocks and their management: The changing face of fisheries in South Africa     

George M. Branch  Barry M. Clark 《Marine Policy》2006

Transformation of South African marine fisheries over the past 10 years has had to balance economic stability, equity and sustainability. This is being done in three ways. First, access rights have been redistributed, increasing the number of rights holders 20-fold and the participation of historically disadvantaged individuals from 0.75% to 62%. Second, established companies have undergone internal transformation. Third, subsistence fishers have formally been recognised. New focuses include co-management, ecosystem-based management and marine protected areas. Further necessary steps include parity in salaries, attention to artisanal fishers, embracement of co-management, expansion of subsistence management and effective enforcement. Most stocks are healthy or recovering but exceptions, such as abalone, warn how quickly stocks can be decimated if co-operation is not achieved.  相似文献   

Evolution of a Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogeny in the West African Craton (Ivory Coast)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Vidal  C. Gumiaux  F. Cagnard  A. Pouclet  G. Ouattara  M. Pichon 《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):145

The Paleoproterozoic domain of the Ivory Coast lies in the central part of the West African Craton (WAC) and is mainly constituted by TTG, greenstones, supracrustal rocks and leucogranites. A compilation of metamorphic and radiometric data highlights that: i) metamorphic conditions are rather homogeneous through the domain, without important metamorphic jumps, ii) HP-LT assemblages are absent and iii) important volumes of magmas emplaced during the overall Paleoproterozoic orogeny suggesting the occurrence of long-lived rather hot geotherms. Results of the structural analysis, focused on three areas within the Ivory Coast, suggest that the deformation is homogeneous and distributed through the Paleoproterozoic domain. In details, results of this study point out the long-lived character of vertical movements during the Eburnean orogeny with a two folds evolution. The first stage is characterized by the development of “domes and basins” geometries without any boundary tectonic forces and the second stage is marked by coeval diapiric movements and horizontal regional-scale shortening. These features suggest that the crust is affected by vertical movements during the overall orogeny. The Eburnean orogen can then be considered as an example of long-lived Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogen.  相似文献   

U–Pb TIMS age constraints on the evolution of the Neoproterozoic Meatiq Gneiss Dome,Eastern Desert,Egypt     

Arild Andresen  Mohamed Ali Abu El-Rus  Per Inge Myhre  Gamal Y. Boghdady  Fernando Corfu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(3):481-497

Ages are used to constrain the temporal evolution of the Meatiq Gneiss Dome, Eastern Desert, Egypt, by dating (ID-TIMS) pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic igneous rocks in and around the dome. The Um Ba’anib Orthogneiss, comprising the deepest exposed structural levels of the dome, has a crystallization age of 630.8 ± 2 Ma. The overlying mylonites are interpreted to be a thrust sheet/complex (Abu Fannani Thrust Sheet) of highly mylonitized metasediments (?), migmatitic amphibolites, and orthogneisses with large and small tectonic lenses of less-deformed intrusives. Two syn-tectonic diorite lenses in this complex have crystallization ages of 609.0 ± 1.0 and 605.8 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively. The syn-tectonic Abu Ziran diorite, cutting across the tectonic contact between mylonite gneisses of the Abu Fannani Thrust Sheet and a structurally overlying thrust sheet of eugeoclinal rocks (“Pan-African nappe”), has a magmatic emplacement age of 606.4 ± 1.0 Ma. Zircons from a gabbro (Fawakhir ophiolite) within the eugeoclinal thrust sheet yielded a crystallization age of 736.5 ± 1.2 Ma. The post-tectonic Fawakhir monzodiorite intrudes the ophiolitic rocks and has an emplacement age of 597.8 ± 2.9 Ma. Two other post-tectonic granites, the Arieki granite that intrudes the foliated Um Ba’anib Orthogneiss, and the Um Had granite that cuts the deformed Hammamat sediments, have emplacement ages of 590 ± 3.1 and 596.3 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. We consider formation of the Meatiq Gneiss Dome to be a young structural feature (<631 Ma), and our preferred tectonic interpretation is that it formed as a result of NE–SW shortening contemporaneous with folding of the nearby Hammamat sediments around 605–600 Ma, during oblique collision of East and West Gondwana.  相似文献   

华南陆块钨和锡的地球化学时空分布     

迟清华  王学求  徐善法  周建  刘汉粮  刘东盛  张必敏  王玮 《地学前缘》2012,19(3):70-83

以1∶20万区域化探全国扫面计划水系沉积物和中国东部地壳与岩石元素丰度研究W、Sn分析数据为基础,探讨了华南陆块W、Sn的时空分布特征。从空间分布上看,华南陆块W、Sn的高含量主要分布在华南陆块东南部,即岳阳-怀化-桂林-梧州-茂名以东、长江以南广大地区的华夏地块华南造山带和东南沿海火山岩带与扬子地块下扬子台褶带和江南地轴;而南岭地区则是华南造山带W、Sn高含量的集中分布区,与华南中生代大花岗岩省成矿域产出的中国乃至世界重要的W、Sn矿产地相一致。从岩性上看,华南陆块东南部基底碱(正)长花岗岩、板岩、千枚岩、片岩以W、Sn背景含量高为特点。从时间分布上看,华南陆块东南部自中元古代以来形成的基底和盖层中砂岩和泥岩富含W、Sn,在地壳演化后期以富含W、Sn的碱(正)长花岗岩为主体的印支-燕山期大面积花岗质岩浆火山侵入活动达到高峰,造成华南陆块东南部W、Sn高背景含量的分布,形成巨大的W、Sn地球化学域。加之,华南陆块东部W、Sn成矿作用强烈,与W、Sn有关的中大型矿床密集分布,从而导致大量W、Sn区域地球化学异常和局部地球化学异常的形成。  相似文献   

Provenance and Tectonic Setting of the Metasedimentary Rocks of the Neoproterozoic Adola Belt of Southern Ethiopia     

Bisrat Yibas   《Gondwana Research》1999,2(3):377

The Metasedimentary rocks from the Adola metamorphic belt has been analysed for major, minor, and trace elements, including REEs, in order to investigate the provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks.On the basis of filed work, petrographic data and major element geochemistry the Adola sedimentary rocks are essentially greywackes with subordinate lithic arenite. Among the 27 samples analysed, only two samples are quartz arenite with SiO₂ values above 89%. CaO-Na₂O-K₂O diagrams showed that most sample cluster around the average plots of granites and granodiorites. In order to determine the tectonic setting and provenance of the rocks, the samples are plotted on various binary and ternary diagrams. The plots on Fe₂O₃T+MgO versus TiO₂, K₂O/Na₂O, Al₂O₃/SiO₂ and Al₂O₃/(CaO+Na₂O) plots show that the Adola sediments have Oceanic Island Arc(OIC), Continental Island Arc(CIA), Active Continental Margin(ACM) and Passive Margin(PM) characteristics. Most samples, however, show island arc affinity. Only two samples (the quartz arenites) fall in the Passive Margin (PM) field.The trace element characteristics of these rocks discriminate the rocks only into oceanic and continental arc fields. The relatively high abundance of the transition metals, mainly Co, Ni, Cr and the low concentration of TiO₂ correlates well with the previously determined geochemical affinity of the basic rocks of Adola suggesting the dominance of the low- Ti oceanic tholeiites and even boninites in the source region.The REE patterns show three distinct groupings; a)With strong LREE enrichment, flat HREE and with out Eu anomaly, shows similar patterns with that of the oceanic island arc rocks; b) samples with strong Light REE enrichment, flat HREE pattern and strong negative Eu anomaly showing similar patterns to the Andean type andesites, probably derived from granitic gneisses and are affiliated to Active Continental Margin settings; c) this group is represented by a single plot having an enriched LREE pattern, flat HREE pattern and strong positive Eu anomaly. It is most likely that this pattern is related to a high normative plagioclase content due to local accumulation of feldspar during sedimentation rather than representing excessive Eu content of the precursor rock. The REE pattern represented by this sample is roughly similar to that of the Devonian greywackes of Australia.In conclusion, the use of geochemical characteristics of the sediments coupled with the geological information from the area strengthens the suprasubduction zone (SSZ) ophiolitic tectonic setting interpretation suggested (Yibas 1993) for the Adola belt. The trace element plots and their absolute abundance, and the REE patterns strongly constrain the tectonic setting and the provenance of the metasediments to an arc related setting.  相似文献   

Mid-Holocene stable isotope record of corals from the northern Red Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. A. Moustafa  J. Pätzold  Y. Loya  G. Wefer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,88(4):742-751

We present a study based on X-ray chronologies and the stable isotopic composition of fossil Porites spp. corals from the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) covering the mid-Holocene period from 5750 to 4450 ¹⁴C years BP (before present). The stable oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of five specimens reveal regular annual periodicities. Compared with modern Porites spp. from the same environment, the average seasonal δ ¹⁸O amplitude of the fossil corals is higher (by ca. 0.35–0.60‰), whereas annual growth rates are lower (by ca. 3.5 to 2 mm/year). This suggests stronger seasonality of sea surface temperatures and increased variability of the oxygen isotopic composition of the sea water due to changes in the precipitation and evaporation regime during the mid-Holocene. Most likely, summer monsoon rains reached the northern end of the Red Sea at that time. Average annual coral growth rates are diminished probably due to an increased input and resuspension of terrestrial debris to the shallow marine environment during more humid conditions. Our results corroborate published reports of paleodata and model simulations suggesting a northward migration of the African monsoon giving rise to increased seasonalities during the mid-Holocene over northeastern Africa and Arabia. Received: 4 January 1999 / Accepted: 13 September 1999  相似文献   

西非裂谷系Termit盆地古近系油气成藏主控因素分析     

吕明胜  薛良清  万仑坤 《地学前缘》2015,22(6):207-216

Termit盆地隶属于西非裂谷系,是发育于前寒武系-侏罗系基底之上的中、新生代裂谷盆地。国外石油公司自1974年开始对该盆地进行勘探,截止2008年在中国石油获得勘探许可前,仅在西部Dinga断阶带发现7个油气藏,区域甩开勘探没有获得商业发现。针对这一国外石油公司勘探近40年后放弃的区块,面临着如何寻找潜力区带、发现规模油气的巨大挑战。本文基于Termit盆地晚白垩世大规模海侵、早白垩世和古近纪两期裂谷叠置的构造演化特点,分析了古近系油气成藏的主控因素。这种后期叠置裂谷(古近纪)的成藏模式有别于其他纯陆相单一旋回的裂谷盆地,烃源岩为上白垩统海相泥页岩,储层为古近系陆相砂岩,盖层为古近系湖相泥岩,表现为跨世代(跨二级层序)油气聚集特征。其油气成藏具有6个主控因素,即大范围海相烃源岩“控源”、叠置裂谷“控砂”、断裂与砂岩输导层“控运”、构造地貌“控势”、断层与砂体配置“控藏”、盖层与侧向封挡“控保”。成藏主控因素分析揭示了Termit盆地古近系的油气富集规律,有效指导了该盆地潜力区带评价与规模油气发现。  相似文献