岩体结构面力学行为的尺寸效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章仁友  杜时贵 《地质科技情报》1993,12(2):97-103

尺寸效应是岩体结构面力学行为的重要特征。本文列举了结构面力学行为中普遍存在的尺寸效应现象,并由实测统计资料的分析,论证了结构面力学行为的尺寸效应具有分形结构。通过结构面力学行为尺寸效应的机理研究,建立了结构面力学行为尺寸效应分维数和结构面粗糙度系数尺寸效应分维数之间的相关关系,从而简化了结构面力学行为尺寸效应规律的表述,为客观评价岩体结构面力学参数提供最为有效的手段。  相似文献   

福建地貌基本特征与农业生产的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

赵昭Bing 《地理学报》1993,48(2):143-151

本文首先从发展农业生产角度出发,分析了福建地貌的基本特征及其对农业生产的直接和间接影响。继而论述了地貌与农业自然灾害的关系,指出了坡度陡、降水强度大和黑云母花岗岩分布三者相结合的部位是农业生态脆弱的地段。最后,根据福建山河分布格局,提出改善福建农业生态的根本性措施——建立防护林体系。  相似文献   

松花江—辽河流域地下水资源及其生态环境问题          下载免费PDF全文

郭晓东  王晓光  刘强  王长琪  肖长来  程旭学 《中国地质》2021,48(4):1062-1074

松花江—辽河流域(简称松辽流域)是中国重要的商品粮基地,地下水资源对维护中国粮食安全具有重要作用。2019年松辽流域地下水资源量为797.31×10~8m~3/a,地下水开发利用量为276.4×10~8m~3。松辽流域地下水面临着水资源局部短缺,局部水位持续下降,"三氮"污染加剧,以及湿地萎缩、土地荒漠化、盐渍化等资源、环境与生态问题。本文对这些问题进行驱动因素分析,主要是气温升高导致水稻适宜区扩大,土地利用方式改变,耕地面积特别是水田面积大幅增加,造成地下水过量开采、地下水面源污染加剧;水库的大量修建加剧干旱缺水地区河道径流减少,地下水补给来源不足,造成地下水供水能力下降,地下水位下降。针对这些问题,提出了加强水资源调查监测,开展水资源合理配置研究,实行地表水和地下水联合调度;加强水资源管理制度建设,强化制度刚性约束;调整农业种植结构,推进节水灌溉,提高水资源利用效率等建议措施。  相似文献   

湖北宜昌鸦鹊岭地区岩石-土壤元素迁移特征及柑橘种植适宜性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘孜  黄行凯  徐宏林  张斌  彭青松  王晨昇  王恒  姜华 《中国地质》2020,47(6):1853-1868

“宜昌蜜桔”久享盛誉，鸦鹊岭地区是其典型产地之一。本文选取宜昌市鸦鹊岭地区柑橘基地开展岩石-土壤垂向剖面地球化学测量，通过对植物营养有益元素、稀土元素等进行测试分析，调查相关元素由岩石至土壤的迁移特征，评价柑橘生长岩土环境适宜性。结果表明：土壤元素多会继承其在母岩中的含量水平，如相似的稀土元素配分模式，Si、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Mo、Sr等元素相似的相对富集或贫化程度；根据相关性分析及聚类分析，识别出Al-FeGe-Ni-B-K-Si，S-N-Se-P，Cu-Zn-Mo等3类正相关性元素组合；选择种植柑橘土壤所对应的成土母岩适宜性优劣排序依次为，红花套组（K₂h）长石石英砂岩>牌楼口组（E₂p）钙质砂岩>掇刀石组（Nd）泥灰岩>罗镜滩组（K₂l）钙质砾岩，并进一步提出种植优化建议。  相似文献   

The Effect of Scale and Criticality in Rock Slope Stability     

M. Borri-Brunetto  A. Carpinteri  B. Chiaia 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2004,37(2):117-126

Summary The apparent shear strength of rock discontinuities is considerably smaller than that of small scale samples. At the same time, the sliding behavior is characterized, in situ, by marked instabilities, with the typical features of Critical Phenomena. Contact mechanics permits to calculate normal and tangential forces at any point, and to follow the stick-slip transition for arbitrary loading histories. On the other hand, the above aspects are not captured by the classical theories, including those based on roughness indices. We argue that the multiscale topology of contact domains plays a fundamental role in determining the behavior of rock joints. In particular, experiments and numerical simulations show that these domains are lacunar sets with fractal dimension smaller than 2.0. This provides peculiar scaling of normal and tangential pressures at the interface, and the consequent size-dependence of the apparent friction coefficient. Moreover, we implement Renormalization Group to determine the critical point (e.g. the critical shear force) when rock sliding occurs. We show that the critical force is less than the one predicted by the classical Coulombs theory, and that it depends on the specimen size and on the topology of the interface. The same reasoning can be extended to other phenomena, e.g., to the rupture of brittle materials.  相似文献   

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of Tumbling Creek cave stream in Taney County,Missouri   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.?Neill  M.?GutiérrezEmail author  T.?Aley 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(4):550-559

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of the Tumbling Creek cave stream are of particular interest because of the karst nature of the area and the recent implementation of a Better Management Practice (BMP). Water quality parameters, measured bi-weekly during one year, consisted of pH, turbidity, water temperature, specific conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and chloride. Heavy metals, nutrient and bacteria levels were also monitored during the study. Effects of land use were most obvious in turbidity, nitrate, chloride, and bacteria levels. Sites within the recharge area that pose a major threat to its water quality were identified. Results provide a baseline for these water quality parameters and their seasonal variability that can be used in future studies to address the effects of water quality and stream sediment contamination on the caves ecosystem and to determine the effectiveness of the BMP implemented in this karst area.  相似文献   

甘肃省谷子气候生态适应性分析及适生种植区划     

马兴祥邓振镛  魏育国朱国庆 郭江勇 《干旱气象》2004,22(3):59-62

在分析谷子气候生态适应性的基础上,建立不同气候区谷子气候产量模型。确定影响产量形成关键时段的关键气象因素是≥10℃积温、8～9月平均气温、7月降水以及海拔高度和投入产出比等适生种植区划综合指标体系,据此划分5个谷子气候生态种植区。并提出提高气候生态资源的开发利用途径。  相似文献   

Estimation of elevation-dependent satellite antenna phase center variations of GPS satellites   总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9  

R. Schmid  M. Rothacher 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(7-8):440-446

A method for the estimation of the phase center variations of GPS satellite antennas using global GPS data is presented. First estimations have shown an encouraging repeatability from day to day and between satellites of the same block. Thus, two different satellite antenna patterns for Block II/IIA and for Block IIR with a range of about 4 cm and an accuracy of less than 1 mm could be found. The present approach allows the creation of a consistent set of receiver and satellite antenna patterns and phase center offsets. Thereby, it is possible to switch from relative to absolute phase center variations without a scale problem in global networks. This changeover has an influence on troposphere parameters, reduces systematic effects due to uncorrect antenna modeling and should diminish the elevation dependence of GPS results. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Prof. G. Seeber (University of Hannover) and Dr. G. Wübbena (Geo++ GmbH) and their groups for their kindness in making available the absolute field calibration results derived from robot measurements.  相似文献   

Interactive generalization on large-scale topographical map supported by a database platform     

CAIZhongliang WUHehai DUQingyun LIAOChujiang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(4):17-26

This paper makes a study on the interactive digital generalization, where map generalization can be divided into intellective reasoning procedure and operational procedure, which are done by human and computer, respectively. And an interactive map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is then designed and realized. This research focuses on: ① the significance of researching an interactive map generalization environment,② the features of large scale topographic map and interactive map generalization, ③ the construction of map generalization-oriented database platform.  相似文献   

Objective Frontal Analysis Techniques Applied to Extreme/Non-Extreme Precipitation Events     

Kašpar  M. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(3):605-631

A simple method of the objective frontal analysis (OFA) based on a thermal definition of atmospheric fronts is proposed for the area of Central Europe with the aid of gridded numerical weather prediction model (NWP model) outputs. The OFA includes both mathematical and graphical techniques that enable a computer to draw fronts entirely automatically in atmospheric cross-sections by means of one locating equation and four masking criteria. The OFA also enables to analyse the frontal wave position and the type, activity, and future development of fronts.The OFA is applied to two synoptically analogous cold-frontal situations, which occurred over the Czech Republic in summer season and were characterised by quite different precipitation amounts. The outputs (12h, 18h, and 24h forecasts) of the NWP model Europa Modell/Deutschland Modell are used in computations. The equivalent potential temperature is considered as an input thermal parameter of the OFA. The impact of applying and changing the OFA masking criteria is various and among others also depends on synoptic situation. The comparison between the objective and subjective analysed fronts subserves to evaluate the values of masking threshold constants. Some obtained results of the analysis of the extreme precipitation situation support the possibility of enhanced precipitation amounts. The analysis of the second non-extreme precipitation situation revealed a few different features that do not support the forecast of enhanced precipitation amounts. The results show the OFA could contribute to the improvement of the general short-range weather forecast.  相似文献