哈萨克斯坦东北部310年来初夏温度变化的树轮记录     

尚华明  魏文寿  袁玉江  喻树龙  张同文  张瑞波 《山地学报》2011,29(4)

在哈萨克斯坦东北部的阿尔泰山南坡,位于森林上限的西伯利亚落叶松的树轮宽度对生长季初期温度敏感,且在近年来气候变暖的背景下对温度的响应较为稳定,可以作为该区域温度变化的良好替代材料.利用森林上限区的树轮资料,从树轮宽度中提取初夏温度信息,建立了树轮宽度年表与卡通卡拉盖气象站6月平均温度的转换方程,重建了这一区域310年来的初夏温度变化历史,重建方程的方差解释量达到42.7％.由于校准期较长,利用独立检验方法对重建方程进行检验,各项检验的参数表明重建方程是稳定可靠的.重建序列与相邻的中国阿勒泰地区西部和阿尔泰山北坡树轮反映的温度变化序列的冷暖阶段是一致的,其中19世纪的温度波动较为明显,持续时间最长的冷期(1842-1871年)和暖期(1872-1906年)都出现在这个阶段.重建温度序列存在11a左右的周期,与太阳活动的周期一致.  相似文献   

Geological framework and Paleozoic tectonic history of the Chinese Altai, NW China: a review   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Keda Cai  Min Sun  Chao Yuan  Xiaoping Long  Wenjiao Xiao 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2011,52(12):1619-1633

The Chinese Altai, as a key portion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is dominated by variably deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks and granitic intrusions. Its Early Paleozoic tectonic setting has been variously considered as a passive continental margin, a subduction-accretion complex, or a Precambrian microcontinent, and two representative competing tectonic models have been proposed, i.e., open-closure versus subduction-accretion. Recent studies demonstrate that the high-grade metamorphic rocks previously considered as fragments of a Precambrian basement have zircon U-Pb ages (predominantly 528 to 466 Ma) similar to those of the widely distributed low-grade metasedimentary rocks named as Habahe Group in the region, and all these meta-sedimentary rocks were dominantly deposited in the Early Paleozoic. Petrological evidence and geochemical compositions further suggest that these meta-sedimentary rocks were probably deposited in an active margin, not a passive continental margin as previously proposed. The detrital zircons of sediments and igneous zircons from granitoids including the inherited ones (mainly 543–421 Ma) mostly give positive ?_Hf(t) values, suggesting significant contributions from mantle-derived juvenile materials to the lower crust. A modeling calculation based on zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggests that as much as 84% of the Chinese Altai is possibly made up of “juvenile” Paleozoic materials. Thus, available data do not support the existence of a Precambrian basement, but rather indicate that the Chinese Altai represented a huge subduction-accretion complex in the Paleozoic. Zircon U-Pb dating results for granitoids indicate that magmatism was active continuously from the Early to Middle Paleozoic, and the strongest magmatic activity took place in the Devonian, coeval with a significant change in zircon Hf isotopic composition. These findings, together with the occurrence of chemically distinctive igneous rocks and the high-T metamorphism, can be collectively accounted for by ridge-trench interaction during the accretionary orogenic process.  相似文献   

铁帽波谱特征及其研究意义以新疆阿勒泰地区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨柏林 《新疆地质》1991,(2)

多金属矿床铁帽与铜镍矿床铁帽,由于矿物成分、微量元素的差异而决安其波谱特征是不同的.铁帽波谱特征的研究,对于寻找金属硫化物矿床和矿床评价方面有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义.  相似文献   

阿尔泰伟晶岩锂辉石中包裹体研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

吴长年  杨升祖 《大地构造与成矿学》1994,18(4):353-362

本文研究了新疆阿尔泰青河９２号脉、可可托海３号脉和柯鲁木特１１２号脉伟晶岩中锂辉石所含的包裹体，其包裹体类型主要有两类：流体熔融包裹体和液体包裹体。根据显微测温和包裹体性质，求出了包裹体形成时的温度、压力等有关参数。借助激光拉曼探针测定，对流体熔融包裹体成分作了估算。流体熔融包裹体成分研究表明阿尔泰伟晶岩成因与岩浆－热液过渡阶段有密切联系。  相似文献   

藏南桑单林地区晚白垩世—始新世砂岩物源区分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王建刚  胡修棉  黄志诚 《地质学报》2008,82(1):92-103

阿尔泰山南缘晚古生代火山岩十分发育,其中中泥盆世北塔山组为一套以中基性火山岩为主的火山－沉积岩系,并且其下部发育少见的苦橄岩和富辉橄玄岩。北塔山组富辉橄玄岩和玄武岩中存在着三种类型的单斜辉石：大斑晶辉石、小斑晶辉石和基质辉石。这三种类型的辉石在成分上有明显的差异,从大斑晶辉石—小斑晶辉石核部—小斑晶辉石边部和基质辉石,成分由富镁、钙向富铁方向演化,显示出拉斑玄武系列的特点。根据单斜辉石-熔体平衡原理计算了富辉橄玄岩和玄武岩中斑晶相辉石形成的温度和压力,前者变化范围主要集中在1345～1366℃和1.75～2.05GPa,其深度相当于58－67km,平均的地温梯度大约20～24℃/km,说明该区具有异常的热或地温梯度,这可能是导致本区斑岩铜矿形成的主要原因之一;后者的温度和压力都相对较低,分别为1129～1191℃和1.19～1.60Gpa,而相应的深度为39～53km,暗示着玄武岩是在相对低温低压的环境中形成的演化岩浆。单斜辉石的成分指示了其构造背景为岛弧环境。  相似文献   

阿尔泰可可托海3号脉伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床云母和长石的矿物学研究及意义   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

周起凤  秦克章  唐冬梅  丁建刚  郭正林 《岩石学报》2013,29(9):3004-3022

可可托海3号脉伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床是阿尔泰造山带产出的规模最大的伟晶岩脉,其完美的同心环状结构分带举世闻名。云母和长石作为3号脉9个结构带的贯通性矿物,由外向内表现不同的结构和成分特征。其中,云母由白云母系列向锂云母系列演化,白云母呈黄-绿色中细粒→白色或绿色中粗粒-巨晶→白色或绿色书状集合体→白色或绿色中粗粒-巨晶,锂云母呈玫瑰紫中细粒鳞片状或楔状集合体,BSE图像下云母表现出成分分带及不平衡和交代结构;长石主要为钾长石和钠长石,及少量斜长石,钾长石主要呈块体产出,钠长石呈细粒→叶片状→薄片状产出。本次研究通过电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)获得3号脉各结构带云母和长石的主微量成分。3号脉云母具有高Li(249×10^-6~35932×10^-6)、Rb(1240×10^-6~22825×10^-6)、Cs(35.9×10^-6~13980×10^-6)、Ta(13.3×10^-6~447×10^-6)含量、低K/Rb值(4.23~59.4)和K/Cs值(6.53~2368),钾长石具有低K/Rb值(35.4~1865),且由外向内,随K/Rb值降低,云母的Li、Rb、Cs、F、Ta含量升高,表明3号脉是一个由外向内结晶的分异演化程度较高的伟晶岩脉。另外,连续相邻结构带中云母和长石的主微量成分呈振荡变化,该现象主要受熔体不混溶过程的控制,也受矿物结晶不平衡影响,而熔体不混溶过程也是控制3号脉结构分带的机制之一。外部带(I-IV带)和内部带(V-VIII带)的云母和碱性长石在成分(FeO、Li、Rb、Cs、F、Ta含量和K/Rb值及K/Cs值)和结构(不平衡和交代结构)上具有明显差异,内部带演化程度明显加大,流体组分比例升高,表明体系由以熔体为主的阶段(外部带)进入以熔流体为主相对不稳定的阶段(外部带)。结合野外观察的证据,促使体系在IV带和V带间发生突然转变而进入熔流体阶段的是一个泄压事件。  相似文献   

磷灰石裂变径迹研究新疆阿尔泰山南缘剥露历史及古地形再造   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋高  袁万明  赵文菊  刘海涛 《地质学报》2013,87(7):967-978

本文应用裂变径迹技术对阿尔泰地区13个磷灰石裂变径迹样品进行分析研究,揭示了该地区的隆升剥露历史,并进行了古地形再造.热历史演化模式具有3个阶段的特征:①约120～80 Ma至70 Ma,温度较高,处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带底部温度,主体高于100℃,晚白垩世末期和早第三纪初期,阿尔泰地区构造运动不明显,仅有微弱的升降运动,均夷作用显著;②从80～70 Ma至30～20 Ma,快速冷却,温度由85～75℃降至35～30℃,晚第三纪,自中新世起,特别是中新世中晚期,由于喜马拉雅运动的影响,块断升降运动较为加强,山区上升,盆地相对下降;③从约30～20 Ma至现今,缓慢冷却,温度由35～30℃降为现在的地表温度(平均20℃).三阶段隆升速率分别为0.025 mm/a,0.027 mm/a和0.02 mm/a;隆升幅度分别为1.14 km,1.34 km和0.43 km.地表隆升幅度变化于634～2394m之间.区内平均剥蚀量为2168m,平均隆升量3318m,二者之差1150 m便是现在的平均高程.  相似文献   

阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学特征及其对沉积环境的制约     

沈瑞峰  张辉  唐勇  吕正航 《地球化学》2015,(1)

对阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学研究表明,浅变质碎屑岩的原岩多为泥砂质沉积岩,包含少量来自火成岩或火山岩物质。样品的成分变异指数(ICV)值分布于0.83~1.61之间,绝大部分大于1.0,表明碎屑岩的成熟度较差,代表活动大陆边缘的首次沉积的产物。化学蚀变指数(CIA)值分布于50~82之间,其中石炭纪库马苏组以高CIA值(71~79)为特征,指示源区物质可能经历了温暖-炎热、湿润-潮湿条件下的中等-强烈化学风化作用,而哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组和红山嘴组显示低的CIA值(50~70),指示源区物质经历了相对寒冷、干燥的条件下的弱的化学风化作用。古生代地层中(Fe2O3T+MgO)、TiO2含量以及Al2O3/SiO2、K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O)值,稀土元素La、Ce含量以及微量元素Th/Sc、La/Sc值显示,哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组碎屑沉积岩主体形成于大陆岛弧背景,库马苏组、红山嘴组沉积与大陆岛弧-活动大陆边缘具有成因联系。以上地球化学特征表明,阿尔泰古生代碎屑岩可能沉积于活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧相关环境,为阿尔泰古生代多块体增生构造演化模式提供依据。  相似文献   

新疆小红山铜矿黄铁矿微量和稀土元素地球化学特征     

郑杰 《地质与勘探》2015,51(6):1096-1106

小红山铜矿位于阿勒泰塔拉特-大东沟-莫尤勒特金属成矿带中,是与英安质-流纹质火山活动相关的铜矿床。文章利用黄铁矿中的稀土元素、微量元素组成示踪了该矿床成矿物质及成矿流体的来源和性质。研究结果表明小红山铜矿黄铁矿和霏细岩稀土元素总量较高,黄铁矿ΣREE总量均值为168.81×10~(-6),霏细岩略低,ΣREE总量均值为154.10×10~(-6);黄铁矿和霏细岩样品稀土配分模式均为明显右倾的轻稀土富集模式,轻稀土分异较强、而重稀土元素分异较弱;黄铁矿具明显δEu负异常、而δCe无明显异常,表明该矿床产出于具还原性的活动大陆边缘环境,并在后期遭受变质热液的叠加改造。矿床黄铁矿富集LREE,亏损HFSE,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La比值小于1,推断小红山铜矿床成矿流体为富Cl流体。黄铁矿杂质元素Co/Ni比值表明,矿床成因以变质热液为主,矿床形成于中温。Y/Ho比值示踪成矿流体表明,矿床成矿流体与弧后盆地的成矿热液相似,黄铁矿与霏细岩Y/Ho比值的高度相似性也为围岩(霏细岩)提供了部分成矿物质或两者都受到了相同成矿热液的影响提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

Constraining the age of Quaternary megafloods in the Altai Mountains (Russia) using luminescence     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Some of the largest catastrophic outbursts of periglacial lakes known in the geological history of the Earth have been identified in the Altai Mountains. Traces of these events are recorded in the form of large terraces, predominantly composed of gravel material with numerous horizons of large boulders and blocks. Determining the age of these large-scale events is difficult due to the lack of suitable material (e.g. organics, well-bleached sand) and the specific genesis of these sediments. The results of cosmogenic radionuclide dating suggest a post-LGM age both for the source of the flood water and for different elements of the catafluvial terraces in the Chuya and Katun river valleys. Nevertheless, the age(s) of catastrophic breakthrough remains controversial. On the basis of a few IRSL ages, and geological and other evidence, some view the event as occurring around MIS 5. In this study, we investigate loess-like loams overlying the catafluvial sediments on the surface of the highest level terrace, ∼200 m above present river level. A total of 24 samples for luminescence dating were obtained, for which the OSL, IR₅₀, and pIRIR_50,290 signals were measured to control the degree of signal zeroing and the dating reliability. The age of the loess in all three pits was from 0.5 ka at the top to 23 ka at the base of the loess strata. From a sand layer in the top of the catafluvial deposits, two ages of ∼85–90 ka were obtained from feldspar pIRIR_50,290. These results provide a minimum pre-LGM age for the geomorphological surface of a major catafluvial terrace in the Altai Mountains.  相似文献