High and low temperature alteration of uranium and thorium minerals, Um Ara granites, south Eastern Desert, Egypt     

Hamdy H. Abd El-Naby   《Ore Geology Reviews》2009,35(3-4):436-446

The Um Ara area, in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt contains a number of uranium occurrences related to granitic rocks. U-rich thorite, thorite and zircon are the main primary uranium- and thorium-bearing minerals found in mineralized zones of the Um Ara alkali-feldspar granites; uranophane is the most common secondary uranium mineral. U-rich thorite contains blebs of galena, has rims of uranophane and contains inclusions of Zr-rich thorite. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) provides an indication of a range of solid solution between thorite and zircon, in which intermediate phases, such as Th-rich zircon and Zr-rich thorite, were formed. These phases have higher sum of all cations per formula (2.05 to 2.06 apfu, for 4 oxygen atoms) than that of ideal thorite and zircon. This is attributed to the presence of substantial amount of interstitial cations such as Ca, U and Al in these phases. Some zircon grains are stoichiometric in composition, other altered grains display lower SiO₂ and ZrO₂ contents. Enrichment of Th and U in altered zircon preferentially involves coupled substitution (Ca²⁺ + (Th,U)⁴⁺ ↔ 2Zr⁴⁺ + 2Si⁴⁺), implying that significant U and Th may enter the Zr and Si position in zircon. Negative correlation of Zr vs. Hf and Al may indicate that Hf and Al have been introduced to the zircon during later fluid alteration rather than during the primary magmatic event. A two-stage metallogenetic model is proposed for the alteration processes and origin of U- and Th-bearing minerals in the Um Ara alkali-feldspar granite: 1) the first stage was dominated by hydrothermal alteration and accompanied by albitization, k-feldspathization, desilicification, chloritization, hematitization, silicification, argillization, fluoritization and corrosion of primary U-bearing minerals. Solid-solution between thorite and zircon occurred during this stage. The second stage occurred at the near-surface profile where circulating meteoric water played an important role in mobilizing the early formed primary U-bearing minerals. Uranium was likely transported as a calcium uranyl carbonate complexes. When these complexes lost their stabilities by precipitation of calcite, they decomposed in the presence of silica to form uranophane.  相似文献   

Remote sensing data in lithium (Li) exploration: A new approach for the detection of Li-bearing pegmatites     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

Remote sensing has proved to be a powerful resource in geology capable of delineating target exploration areas for several deposit types. Only recently, these methodologies have been used for the detection of lithium (Li)-bearing pegmatites. This happened because of the growing importance and demand of Li for the construction of Li-ion batteries for electric cars. The objective of this study was to develop innovative and effective remote sensing methodologies capable of identifying Li-pegmatites through alteration mapping and through the direct identification of Li-bearing minerals. For that, cloud free Landsat-5, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and ASTER images with low vegetation coverage were used. The image processing methods included: RGB (red, green, blue) combinations, band ratios and selective principal component analysis (PCA). The study area of this work is the Fregeneda (Salamanca, Spain)-Almendra (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal) region, where different known types of Li-pegmatites have been mapped. This study proposes new RGB combinations, band ratios and subsets for selective PCA capable of differentiating the spectral signatures of the Li-bearing pegmatites from the spectral signatures of the host rocks. The potential and limitations of the methodologies proposed are discussed, but overall there is a great potential for the identification of Li-bearing pegmatites using remote sensing. The results obtained could be improved using sensors with a better spatial and spectral resolution.  相似文献   

论铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床地球化学岩相学填图新技术研发   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

方维萱 《地球科学进展》2012,27(10):1178-1184

在铁质苦橄岩—铁质安山岩、钛铁辉长岩—钛铁质闪长岩和二长岩—二长斑岩岩体附近,同岩浆侵入期脆韧性剪切带中构造岩相和热液角砾岩相,它们是铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床含矿岩相学类型。总体垂向蚀变分带为:上部为粘土化—绢云母化—赤铁矿蚀变带,中部钾质蚀变相带(电气石—铁质)+热液角砾岩化相带,下部钠质蚀变相(铁质)—热液角砾岩化带。围绕二长斑岩—二长闪长岩舌状侵入体形成电气石蚀变岩相带,属于汽成热液蚀变中心。大型—超大型IOCG矿床具有多期蚀变相系叠加特征,不同成因的热液角砾岩化相带发育、异时同位多期蚀变岩相叠加和汽成热液蚀变相发育等是寻找大型—超大型IOCG矿床标志。  相似文献   

新疆延东斑岩铜矿床火山机构、容矿岩石及热液蚀变   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

申萍  潘鸿迪  董连慧  杨俊弢  沈远超  代华五  关维娜  赵云江 《岩石学报》2012,28(7):1966-1980

延东斑岩铜矿床位于新疆东天山晚古生代大南湖岛弧中。延东矿区出露地层是石炭纪企鹅山组火山-沉积岩,我们研究提出延东矿区出露的火山-沉积岩以及浅成侵入岩为石炭纪火山喷发-岩浆侵入产物,并将其划分成两个旋回五个岩相:第一旋回包括溢流相(玄武岩和安山岩)、爆发相(集块角砾熔岩)和爆发-沉积相(凝灰岩);第二旋回包括次火山相(闪长玢岩和闪长岩)和浅成侵入相(斜长花岗斑岩)。容矿岩石是次火山相的闪长玢岩和闪长岩以及浅成侵入相的斜长花岗斑岩。闪长玢岩发育中性斑岩蚀变系统,包括内部的绢云母-绿泥石蚀变带和绿泥石-绢云母蚀变带和外围的青磐岩化带,其中绢云母-绿泥石蚀变带控制本区部分富矿体的形成和分布;斜长花岗斑岩发育酸性斑岩蚀变系统,从中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、强绢云母化带和弱绢云母化带,黄铁绢英岩化带控制本区部分富矿体的形成和分布。这两个蚀变系统以钾硅酸盐化蚀变不发育和绢云母化广泛发育为特点。  相似文献   

新疆拉依克勒克隐伏斑岩矿床的发现、Re-Os同位素定年及地质意义     

吕博  孟贵祥  杨岳清  严加永  赵金花  邓震  李超 《岩石学报》2014,30(4):1168-1178

琼河坝是新疆环准噶尔斑岩成矿带中一个重要矿集区,在地表已发现数个斑岩型铜矿,但由于戈壁滩等第四系覆盖,给以地表矿化线索为主的找矿工作带来诸多困难。近年,利用综合地球物理探测手段,在第四系覆盖区取得重大深部找矿成果,在琼河坝中南部的拉依克勒克地区,发现一个深部斑岩铜(钼)矿床。该矿床是通过地表大比例尺激电扫面,确定一个北西走向、长5000m、宽500~1000m形态较完整的激电异常,通过钻探验证发现的。含矿岩体为一英云闪长岩体,不仅铜(钼)已经达到中型规模,金、铅锌也有很好的前景。在紧邻斑岩矿体的东南部位,还存在一个隐伏的矽卡岩型富铜-铁矿体。本文在对英云闪长岩的蚀变作用、地球化学、成矿特征研究基础上,对蚀变岩中6件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素年龄做了测定,其加权平均模式年龄为411.1±2.4Ma,与本地区其它斑岩矿床的成矿年龄基本一致,进一步确证了琼河坝地区上志留到下泥盆世是区内重要的斑岩型铜多金属成矿期。这对进一步明确琼河坝地区斑岩型矿床的成矿环境和找矿方向有重要意义。  相似文献   

安徽池州马头铜钼矿地质特征及蚀变分带     

肖娥  马春  顾连兴 《江苏地质》2014,38(2):187-199

安徽池州马头铜钼矿是长江中下游成矿带中安庆—贵池矿集区内一个典型的铜钼矿床。通过野外地质祥查和系统的岩相学、矿相学工作,对该矿床的蚀变特征及分带进行了深入研究。识别出马头铜钼矿的蚀变类型主要有硅化、绢云母化、钾长石化,其次为黏土化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。矿区围岩蚀变在空间上往往重叠,但具有一定的水平及垂向分带特征,自岩体深部至浅部、自内向外总体表现为面型石英钾长石化带、线型石英钾长石化带和石英绢云母化带。矿（化）体以脉状矿化为主,其中分布较广的石英脉带矿化主要产在石英绢云母化带中,以石英细（网）脉为主,受节理和裂隙控制;而品位较富的细脉浸染状矿化则主要产在面型钾长石化带中。通过研究认为,马头铜钼矿在成矿过程的早期阶段,由于高温、富钾和高pH值的热液流体作用,形成大面积的钾长石化,伴生与面型钾长石化有关的细脉、浸染状矿化;热液演化中期阶段,随着温度持续下降、K＋活度和流体pH值的降低,形成硅化、绢云母化等蚀变类型,并伴随范围较大的细脉-网脉状矿化;热液演化晚期阶段,主要形成碳酸盐化,而相应的矿化作用不显著。通过与部分典型斑岩型铜钼矿床的对比研究认为,马头铜钼矿在蚀变类型等方面与斑岩型铜钼矿大体相同,可归至斑岩型成矿体系。  相似文献   

云南禄劝付腥田铁矿地质特征     

高蕊  宋晟 《云南地质》2014,33(3):346-350

通过对云南禄劝付腥田铁矿区的地质普查工作,发现了2个赤铁矿体、2个磁铁矿体和3个铁矿化点,铁矿体受控于中元古界美党组五段、三段,矿床成因为美党组高含铁质碎屑沉积再经后期热液改造的沉积变质型铁矿床.  相似文献   

西双版纳勐海西定破碎带蚀变岩型金矿     

廖锦川  雷红彦  孙以荣 《云南地质》2014,(1):55-57,70

金矿体赋存于澜沧群惠民组上段中下部F2断层破碎带中,构造角砾岩、碎裂岩、碎斑岩是主要含金岩类.氧化矿石,金包裹于褐铁矿及绢云母中、少量自然金,属中低温破碎带蚀变岩型金矿.  相似文献   

Petrography,mineralogy and geochemistry of Cretaceous sediment samples from western Khorat Plateau,Thailand, and considerations on their provenance     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

At Mo Hin Khao on the western flank of Khorat Plateau, Thailand, the Phra Wihan Formation reveals litharenite and sublitharenite with some subarkose and arkose. A cuesta in the eroded sedimentary sequence exhibits spectacular rock pillars of considerable geotourist potential. The rock sequence is high in silica (SiO₂ 67–98 wt%) and contains quartz, mica, magnetite, chert fragments and accessory minerals such as zircon and tourmaline and amphibole species. These accessory minerals suggest felsic rocks, such as granite, granodiorite and pegmatite, were sources for the sandstones. Geochemical analyses of the sedimentary sequence suggest that source rocks may lie in the passive continental margin, before sediment transport and deposition in the Khorat Basin by rivers flowing across a large flood plain. Many depositional sequences/episodes formed thick beds of cross bedded clastic rocks. A high average maturity index (>5) indicates sedimentary reworking/recycling. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values range from 47 to 98, suggesting variable chemical weathering within the source area rocks, largely representing moderate to high degrees of weathering. The average CIA value of these sediments (78) suggests that relatively extreme alteration factors were involved.  相似文献   

庐枞火山盆地玄武岩与流体相互作用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡书敏  张荣华  张雪彤  黄文斌 《岩石学报》2010,26(9):2681-2693

庐枞火山盆地的玄武岩大量喷发过程和随后的浅成岩浆活动都伴随大规模流体活动,并引发了大规模的金属成矿活动和蚀变岩带,具有十分清晰的分带性。内带是深色蚀变和外面是浅色蚀变。以庐枞火山盆地的玄武岩为对象,进行高温高压水岩相互作用的化学动力学实验,对于理解火山岩石的水热蚀变和空间的分带性,认识金属来源有很大意义。实验条件是20～400℃和23MPa范围,使用流动反应器进行的。实验结果发现:在多数温度条件下,岩石里的各种金属元素有不同的溶解速率。在300℃时,各种金属元素,Na,Ca,Mg,Al等容易溶解。而在温度300℃时,硅容易溶解。在等于300℃时,硅有最大反应速率。溶解反应动力学过程在300℃发生转变,恰好与火山岩石的深色蚀变和外面的浅色蚀变的分界温度一致。大于300℃时的反应的产物与小于300℃时的反应的产物不同。实验结果有助于理解火山岩石的蚀变和矿石成因。同时,火山岩石的水热蚀变还可以导致含金属流体的出现,可以说明水-岩相互作用导致金属来源。这些实验对于解释火山盆地的深部的地球物理探测的成果是十分必要的。  相似文献