四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩成因及其地质意义     

张晗  黄虎  侯明才 《地球科学与环境学报》2020,(1):36-48

四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩位于茅口组顶部王坡层黏土岩之上,其成因可能对认识峨眉山大火成岩省火山活动时限具有重要意义。对朝天剖面吴家坪组2个凝灰岩样品进行全岩矿物含量、地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年、锆石微量元素和Hf同位素分析,探讨凝灰岩的成因,进而讨论其对峨眉山大火成岩省火山活动时限的启示。结果表明:广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩主要由黏土矿物组成,锆石U-Pb年龄为(260.1±2.8)Ma,并具有较高的Al2O3/TiO2值(分别为37.90和31.49)、明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*值分别为0.13和0.06)及缺失Nb、Ta负异常;凝灰岩样品中,锆石具有较高的εHf(t)值(7.8~11.4)和较低的Th/Nb值(5.4~14.9),与宾川剖面峨眉山火山序列酸性熔结凝灰岩及上寺剖面上二叠统下部凝灰岩基本一致,而明显不同于清音阁王坡层黏土岩锆石εHf(t)值和Th/Nb值。综上所述,四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩的形成与峨眉山大火成岩省酸性火山活动有关,且峨眉山大火成岩省的火山活动时限可能一直持续到晚二叠世早期。  相似文献   

贵州新民石门坎三叠系关岭组底部火山凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及意义     

柴珺  江大勇  周敏  孙作玉  齐宁远  Ryosuke MOTANI  Andrea TINTORI 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022020001-2022020001

华南地区三叠系地层发育,安尼阶底界（即下—中三叠统界线）附近广泛发育浅绿色火山凝灰岩或凝灰质碎屑岩,俗称 “绿豆岩”。国际安尼阶底界界线层型候选剖面——位于南盘江盆地内的贵州关刀剖面和广西湾头剖面,已获得可对比的“绿豆岩”锆石U-Pb年龄,但在相邻的上扬子台地上尚缺少对安尼阶底界测年的可对比数据。本研究采集了贵州省盘州市新民镇石门坎剖面三叠系关岭组底部的多层“绿豆岩”,利用LA-ICP-MS获得锆石的U-Pb年龄。结果显示,石门坎剖面关岭组底部的锆石结晶年龄为246.9±1.1 Ma,可与南盘江盆地内及上扬子台地区出露安尼阶底界的剖面相对比。其绝对年龄为上扬子台地区内的安尼阶底界年龄对比提供了参照,有助于限定中三叠世海生爬行动物群所代表的海洋生态系统的复苏时间。石门坎剖面地层沉积连续,未来有望继续开展综合地层学的研究。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长73页岩层系储层特征及主控因素     

李庆  李江山  卢浩  齐奉强  何羽  安可钦  李隆禹  张厚民  伍岳 《现代地质》2022,36(5):1254-1270

鄂尔多斯盆地长7₃亚段的页岩层系有机质含量、矿物含量变化大,发育凝灰岩夹层,具有较强的非均质性,不同岩相的孔隙结构差异及主控因素尚不明确。综合多种分析技术手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7₃页岩层系的岩相进行系统划分,对比不同岩相的孔隙结构及物性差异,探讨其有效孔隙网络及主控因素。根据粒度、TOC和矿物成分将长7₃细粒岩分为8种岩相类型,其中高有机质硅质页岩、凝灰岩及高有机质黏土质页岩三种岩相所占比例较高。长7₃页岩中有机质丰度高(平均20.04%),类型以Ⅰ型为主,处于低熟到成熟阶段。储集空间根据产状可分为基质孔隙(粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、特大溶蚀孔)、有机质相关孔隙(有机质孔、有机质边缘孔隙)、裂缝(构造缝、成岩缝、晶面裂缝、粒边缝)。各岩相等温吸附曲线特征以IV型为主,迟滞回线以H₃型为主。宏孔是储集游离油的有效孔隙,储集性能受岩相、有机质含量及矿物组成控制。凝灰岩孔隙度、渗透率及宏孔比孔容最高,其次为高有机质硅质页岩和高有机质黏土质页岩,而低有机质页岩宏孔比孔容最小,介孔比孔容大。页岩中有机质、黄铁矿含量与宏孔比孔容呈正相关,凝灰岩中石英含量与宏孔比孔容也呈正相关。研究成果可为长7₃亚段页岩油甜点评价及预测提供地质依据。  相似文献   

皖东地区毛山金矿蚀变矿物特征及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

方勤方  刘玉林等 《地质与勘探》2001,37(5):34-37

毛山金矿属于中小规模金矿山。通过对矿体两侧的黄铁绢英岩进行热分析与透射电镜观察研究以及对绢云母的热分析及其化学成分研究，认为水热蚀变、硅化及矿化程度均较高，成矿热液可能来自矿区南部和深部，该地区是寻找隐伏矿体的靶区。黄铁绢英岩中出现微细石膏，反映在成矿过程中可能出现过氧化阶段，是出现富矿的显示。进而提出乳白色石英脉中出现石膏晶体是寻找金矿化的新的找矿标志。  相似文献   

Averno tuff ring in Campi Flegrei (south Italy)     

G. Mastrolorenzo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(6-7):561-572

The tuff ring of Averno (3700 years BP) is a wide maar-type, lake-filled volcano which formed during one of the most recent explosive eruptions inside the Campi Flegrei caldera.The eruptive products consist of (a) a basal coarse unit, intercalated ballistic fallout breccia, subplinian pumice deposits and pyroclastic surge bedsets and (b) an upper fine-grained, stratified, pyroclastic surge sequence.During the deposition of the lower unit both purely magmatic (lapilli breccia) and hydromagmatic episodes (wavy and planar bedded, fine ash pyroclastic surge bedsets) coexisted. The hydromagmatic deposits exhibit both erosive and depositional features. The upper unit mostly comprises fine grained, wet pyroclastic surge deposits. The pyroclastic surges were controlled by a highly irregular pre-existing topography, produced by volcano-tectonic dislocation of older tuff rings and cones.Both the upper and lower units show decreasing depletion of fines with increasing distance from the vent. The ballistic fallout layers, however, exhibit only a weak increase in fines with distance from the vent, in spite of marked fining of the lapilli and blocks. The deposits consist dominantly of moderately to highly vesicular juvenile material, generated by primary magmatic volatile driven fragmentation followed by episodes of near-surface magma-water interaction.The evolution of the eruption toward increased fragmentation and a more hydromagmatic character may reflect that the progressive depletion in magmatic volatiles and a decrease in conduit pressure during the last stage of the eruption, possibly associated with a widening of the vent at sea level.  相似文献   

相山铀矿田6122矿床凝灰岩铀矿石成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋振频薛振华  董永杰周万蓬喻建发  胡荣泉张柳贵 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(2):118-122

在相山铀矿田6122矿床4号带的主要含矿岩石英安岩和“碎斑熔岩”之外发现了新的含矿岩石凝灰岩。铀矿石中绿泥石含量较高．并且含铀达7．13％。经过对舍矿凝灰岩特征、矿化与构造的关系、与铀矿物共生矿物的特征进行研究，笔者认为成矿熟液来自于地壳深部，曾经经历过高温阶段。在矿化蚀变过程中形成大量绿泥石、水云母等粘土矿物．它们使铀酰络离子稳定性、溶解度降低而解体．使铀还原沉淀并被绿泥石、水云母等吸附。  相似文献   

U–Pb zircon geochronology of silicic tuffs from the Timber Mountain/Oasis Valley caldera complex, Nevada: rapid generation of large volume magmas by shallow-level remelting     

Ilya N. Bindeman  Axel K. Schmitt  John W. Valley 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(6):649-665

Large volumes of silicic magma were produced on a very short timescale in the nested caldera complex of the SW Nevada volcanic field (SWNVF). Voluminous ash flows erupted in two paired events: Topopah Spring (TS, >1,200 km³, 12.8 Ma)–Tiva Canyon (TC, 1,000 km³, 12.7 Ma) and Rainier Mesa (RM, 1,200 km³, 11.6 Ma)–Ammonia Tanks (AT, 900 km³, 11.45 Ma; all cited ages are previously published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar sanidine ages). Within each pair, eruptions are separated by only 0.1–0.15 My and produced tuffs with contrasting isotopic values. These events represent nearly complete evacuation of sheet-like magma chambers formed in the extensional Basin and Range environment. We present ion microprobe ages from zircons in the zoned ash-flow sheets of TS, TC, RM, and AT in conjunction with δ¹⁸O values of zircons and other phenocrysts, which differ dramatically among subsequently erupted units. Bulk zircons in the low-δ¹⁸O AT cycle were earlier determined to exhibit ∼1.5‰ core-to-rim oxygen isotope zoning; and high-spatial resolution zircon analyses by ion microprobe reveal the presence of older grains that are zoned by 0.5–2.5‰. The following U–Pb isochron ages were calculated after correcting for the initial U–Pb disequilibria: AT (zircon rims: 11.7 ± 0.2 Ma; cores: 12.0 ± 0.1 Ma); pre-AT rhyolite lava: (12.0 ± 0.3 Ma); RM: 12.4 ± 0.3); TC: (13.2 ± 0.15 Ma); TS: (13.5 ± 0.2). Average zircon crystallization ages calculated from weighted regression or cumulative averaging are older than the Ar–Ar stratigraphy, but preserve the comparably short time gaps within each of two major eruption cycles (TS/TC, RM/AT). Notably, every sample yields average zircon ages that are 0.70–0.35 Ma older than the respective Ar–Ar eruption ages. The Th/U ratio of SWNVF zircons are 0.4–4.7, higher than typically found in igneous zircons, which correlates with elevated Th/U of the whole rocks (5–16). High Th/U could be explained if uranium was preferentially removed by hydrothermal solutions or is retained in the protolith during partial melting. For low-δ¹⁸O AT-cycle magmas, rim ages from unpolished zircons overlap within analytical uncertainties with the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar eruption age compared to core ages that are on average ∼0.2–0.3 My older than even the age of the preceding caldera forming eruption of RM tuff. This age difference, the core-to-rim oxygen isotope zoning in AT zircons, and disequilibrium quartz–zircon and melt-zircon isotopic fractionations suggest that AT magma recycled older zircons derived from the RM and older eruptive cycles. These results suggest that the low-δ¹⁸O AT magmas were generated by melting a hydrothermally-altered protolith from the same nested complex that erupted high-δ¹⁸O magmas of the RM cycle only 0.15 My prior to the eruption of the AT, the largest volume low-δ¹⁸O magma presently known.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

河南南阳安皋一带紫水晶矿床     

周世全  冯祖杰 《矿产与地质》1998,12(5):302-305

安皋紫水晶矿位于北秦岭造山带东段,矿体主要产于加里东晚期中粗粒黑云母花岗岩体或片麻状花岗岩中,受构造、围岩和热液控制明显,另有少量次生富集于上更新统—全新统残坡积及冲积、洪积砂砾石层中。矿脉（体）类型主要有含晶石英脉、蚀变破碎带和残坡积型三种,以后二种较为重要。紫水晶以其晶体粗大,晶形完整,质地纯正无杂或少绵,光泽、透明度好,颜色艳紫为主要特色。晶体直径一般３～７ｃｍ,最大达１４ｃｍ,长度一般３～１４．５ｃｍ,以六方短柱状为主,长柱状较少,呈单晶或晶簇产出,颜色呈紫色至褐紫或深紫色。具有极高的利用价值。  相似文献   

Analyses of deterioration of the Cappadocian tuff, Turkey   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

T. Topal  V. Doyuran 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(1):5-20

 The Cappadocian tuff contains unique erosional features, the so-called fairy chimneys, some of which in the past were dwelled in and contain valuable wall paintings. These historical heritages, however, are undergoing chemical and physical deterioration due to atmospheric effects. For the conservation studies, understanding of the deterioration phenomenon of the tuff is essential. In this study, engineering geological and physicochemical characteristics of the tuff were determined. The durability of the tuff was assessed through wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, and salt crystallization. The test results suggest that chemical weathering may be traced to a depth of 2 cm below lichen-covered surfaces and 20 cm adjacent to discolored joint walls. Based on durability assessment methods, the tuff may be classified as having poor to very poor durability. Received: 16 December 1996 · Accepted: 3 April 1997  相似文献   

374富铀矿床蚀变带特征的初步研究     

颜秋连 《铀矿地质》1988,(5)

本文着重讨论374富铀矿床蚀变带的特征,指出了前提蚀变的分带性和近矿蚀变展布的一致性,蚀变带内矿物共生组合的变化与主要造矿元素含量的变化相互对应,且演变规律有序,是富矿形成的重要条件,近矿蚀变蛋黄色水云母化是最直接的找矿标志。  相似文献