Widespread transport of pyroclastic density currents from a large silicic tuff ring: the Glaramara tuff, Scafell caldera, English Lake District, UK   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. J. BROWN  B. P. KOKELAAR†  M. J. BRANNEY 《Sedimentology》2007,54(5):1163-1190

The Glaramara tuff presents extensive exposures of the medial and distal deposits of a large tuff ring (original area >800 km²) that grew within an alluvial to lacustrine caldera basin. Detailed analysis and correlation of 21 sections through the tuff show that the eruption involved phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions resulting from the interaction of dacitic magma and shallow-aquifer water. As the eruption developed to peak intensity, numerous, powerful single-surge pyroclastic density currents reached beyond 8 km from the vent, probably >12 km. The currents were strongly depletive and deposited coarse lapilli (>5 cm in diameter) up to 5 km from source, with only fine ash and accretionary lapilli deposited beyond this. As the eruption intensity waned, currents deposited fine ash and accretionary lapilli across both distal and medial regions. The simple wax–wane cycle of the eruption produced an overall upward coarsening to fining sequence of the vertical lithofacies succession together with a corresponding progradational to retrogradational succession of lithofacies relative to the vent. Various downcurrent facies transitions record transformations of the depositional flow-boundary zones as the depletive currents evolved with distance, in some cases transforming from granular fluid-based to fully dilute currents primarily as a result of loss of granular fluid by deposition. The tuff-ring deposits share several characteristics with (larger) ignimbrite sheets formed during Plinian eruptions and this underscores some overall similarities between pyroclastic density currents that form tuff rings and those that deposit large-volume ignimbrites. Tuff-ring explosive activity with such a wide area of impact is not commonly recognized, but it records the possibility of such currents and this should be factored into hazard assessments.  相似文献   

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and in-situ Lu–Hf isotope analyses of a tuff from Western Beijing: Evidence for missing Late Paleozoic arc volcano eruptions at the northern margin of the North China block     

Shuan-Hong Zhang  Yue Zhao  Biao Song  Yue-Heng Yang 《Gondwana Research》2007,12(1-2):157

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and in-situ Lu–Hf isotopic analyses via laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LAM-ICPMS) of a tuff within the Upper Paleozoic from Western Beijing were carried out to give new constraints on volcano eruption ages and source area of the tuffs within the North China block (NCB). SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the tuff yielded a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean age of 296 ± 4 Ma (95% confidence, MSWD = 3.3), which is very similar to the emplacement age of the newly discovered Carboniferous calc-alkaline, I-type continental arc granitoid plutons in the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift (IMPU) on the northern margin of the NCB. In-situ Lu–Hf analysis results of most zircons from the tuff yielded initial ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios from 0.282142 to 0.282284 and ε_Hf(t) values from − 15.9 to − 10.7. These Lu–Hf isotopic compositions are very similar to those of the Late Carboniferous granitoids in the IMPU, but are very different to those of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Together with the sedimentary and tectonic analyses results, we inferred that the source area of the tuffs within the NCB is the IMPU instead of the CAOB. Therefore, some arc volcanoes once existed in the IMPU on northern margin of the NCB during the Late Carboniferous, but they were entirely eroded due to strong exhumation and erosion of the IMPU during the Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic.  相似文献   

西藏谢通门雄村地区洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩的年代学和地球化学特征     

何青  解鸿儒  郎兴海  王旭辉  邓煜霖  谢富伟  王涌滔  杜良艺  吴伟哲  王勇  刘洲基  姜楷  詹宏宇 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1694-1718

西藏谢通门县雄村地区洞嘎金矿作为南拉萨地体较早发现的独立金矿,其成矿作用研究较为薄弱。笔者等以洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩为研究对象,开展了岩相学、年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素特征研究,探讨洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩的岩石成因及构造背景,揭示凝灰岩对成矿的控制作用。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年结果显示,凝灰岩结晶年龄为185. 1 ± 1. 9 Ma（MSWD = 0. 48）,成岩时代为早侏罗世;主量元素地球化学特征显示K2O/Na2O值（2. 91 ~ 12. 3）较高,属于钙碱性系列;微量元素地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Ba）和轻稀土元素（LREEs）,亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti等）和重稀土元素（HREEs）。结合微量元素构造环境判别图解,认为凝灰岩形成于新特提斯洋洋壳北向俯冲相关的大洋岛弧环境。另外,凝灰岩以Nb/Ta值为14. 0 ~ 17. 8、La/Nb平均值<2. 50、Zr/Ba平均值为0. 31为特征,具有较高的正的εHf(t)（+ 8. 05 ~ + 14. 2）,暗示凝灰岩岩浆源区为受到新特提斯俯冲洋壳释放的流体交代的亏损软流圈地幔楔;岩浆上升侵位的过程中未受到地壳物质的混染,主要经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石结晶分异。洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩中的裂隙构造不仅为洞嘎金矿的含矿热液运移提供了空间,而且也为矿质的沉淀提供了场所;同时,凝灰岩也起到了盖层作用,保护矿床形成后免受剥蚀作用的影响。综合分析认为,洞嘎金矿形成于新特提斯洋北向俯冲的大洋岛弧环境,是斑岩型铜金矿床外侧的热液脉型金矿体。  相似文献   

蓟县中元古代高于庄组凝灰岩锆石LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb定年及其地质意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

田辉  张健  李怀坤  苏文博  周红英  杨立公  相振群  耿建珍  刘欢  朱士兴  许振清 《地球学报》2015,36(5):647-658

最近在天津蓟县东水厂村附近中元古代高于庄组三段(即张家峪亚组)下部白云岩中发现了一层15 cm厚的凝灰岩夹层,测得其锆石LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为(1577±12)Ma。这一进展不仅使得蓟县地区高于庄组沉积时代第一次获得了精确可靠的年代学约束,也为华北克拉通北缘整个燕山地区中元古界的精确对比提供了新的标尺。与此同时,由于在其紧邻的上覆层位还发现了与标准剖面早年所发现的以光面拟丘阿尔藻(Parachuaria glabra Sun)为代表的同类的宏观藻类,因此本测年结果实际也同时标定了这一宏观藻类群的生存时代。结合笔者等早先获得的北京延庆地区高于庄组三段上部凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄((1560±5)Ma)可以确认,整个燕山地区高于庄组三段主体的沉积时限应为1580~1560 Ma,同时可以更为精确地将高于庄组与下伏大红峪组的界线年龄限定为1600 Ma左右,相当于目前通用的国际中元古界盖层系(Calymmian System)的底界。  相似文献   

中祁连地块西段青白口系其它大坂组英安质凝灰岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义     

张金明  陈光庭  才航加 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022082021-2022082021

新元古界青白口系其它大坂组是中祁连地块西段基底岩系之一,对研究中祁连地块元古宙地质构造演化具有重要意义。笔者等通过1∶5万区调工作在其它大坂组中发现了英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩夹层,并对凝灰岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明样品中锆石年龄主要分3组。结合区域地质资料,笔者等认为第一组锆石（1456～1524 Ma）和第二组锆石（1018～1021 M）为外来锆石或/碎屑锆石,分别为物源区中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件和Rodinia大陆聚合事件（格林威尔造山作用）在中祁连地块中的响应;第三组锆石（946～964 Ma）的n（206Pb）/n（238U） 加权年龄为958±3 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,代表英安质凝灰岩的形成时代。岩石地球化学分析表明,其它大坂组英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩样品属于过铝质（A/CNK=1.37～1.75）、高钾（K2O>Na2O,K2O=4. 48%～4. 86%）、钙碱性（σ=0. 89～1. 26）火山岩,稀土总量为（149. 7～156. 4）×10-6,（La/Yb）N为10. 15～10. 61,具负Eu异常（δEu=0. 62～0. 63）,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素,显示出与岛弧钙碱性火山岩相似的特点,形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是中祁连地块中—新元古代早期Rodinia超大陆形成地质事件的响应。  相似文献   

松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩储层地质特征     

迟唤昭  赵玉婷  刘财  王桐  胡佳  杨松杉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(1):55-67

为了探讨储层微观孔隙特征及产能规律,给火山岩油气开发提供有利依据,通过对松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩进行岩心描述,结合测井、地震资料,X 衍射、扫描电镜、物性、含气性等数据进行构造背景分析,开展了凝灰岩储层地质特征综合研究.结果表明:研究区营城组凝灰岩矿物成分主要为石英、长石和黏土矿物,凝灰岩发生了风化蚀变作用,火山灰偏中性;区内凝灰岩在横向上分布广泛,在纵向上由多个叠合单元构成,测井曲线具“三高两低”的特征.按照凝灰岩的发育规模和含气性特征将火山机构分成小规模、中规模和大规模凝灰岩火山机构３类.凝灰岩储层为中孔低渗型储层,为低产储层,其低产因素有两个:一是黏土矿物(尤其是伊蒙混层)质量分数较高,二是受深部压实作用影响.凝灰岩储层次生孔隙所占比例大于８０％,主要储集空间类型为溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝,溶蚀孔主要以长石溶蚀孔和基质溶蚀孔为主,裂缝发育是形成凝灰岩优质储层的关键因素,在中浅部(尤其是构造高部位)地区易形成高产气层,利用测井曲线(补偿中子＋密度)可有效预测凝灰岩储层.  相似文献   

江南造山带东段赣东北广丰地区翁家岭组凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张 恒李廷栋  高林志耿树方丁孝忠  刘燕学吴 昊 《中国地质》2015,(1):96-104

本文通过对赣东北广丰地区翁家岭组凝灰岩样品中的锆石进行研究,首次测得了翁家岭组凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(841.2±5.1)Ma,约束了翁家岭组形成的时代,明确该套沉积岩为田里片岩之上、桃源组(上墅组)之下的一套地层。根据最新获得的大量高精度年龄数据,确定翁家岭组在层位上与梵净山群、四堡群、冷家溪群、双桥山群相当;覆于翁家岭组之上的桃源组是与侵入到梵净山群、四堡群、冷家溪群、双桥山群的火山侵入岩以及浦江地区"平水群"、江山市"章村组"同时期的火山侵入或喷出产物。江南造山带自西向东在830 Ma期间曾广泛发育一期岩浆活动事件。  相似文献   

萍乡东桥岩门寨组凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及南华冰期底界年代探讨     

柏道远  马铁球  钟响  李彬  熊雄 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(5):637-647

目前关于南华系底界年代存在早(780 Ma或760 Ma)、晚(725 Ma或720 Ma)两种不同观点。本文对萍乡东桥板溪期晚期岩门寨组顶部的凝灰岩进行了28颗锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析,由早至晚获得5组主要年龄,并分析探讨了各组年龄锆石形成的地质背景。第1组和第2组锆石均为继承性岩浆锆石,平均年龄分别为805.5±10.6 Ma和767.6±7.7Ma,分别与扬子东南缘810~800Ma期间的岛弧岩浆活动和板溪期中期760Ma前后的岩浆活动有关。第4组和第5组锆石为变质成因锆石,平均年龄分别为390.8±2.8 Ma和211.2±1.5 Ma,分别与加里东晚期和印支晚期的构造-热事件有关。第3组共11颗岩浆锆石的平均年龄为717.2±8.9 Ma,为凝灰岩的成岩年龄。该年龄为南华冰期底界720 Ma的年龄提供了约束。此外,本文讨论并提出前人在湘中碧溪获得的长安组下部760 Ma左右U-Pb年龄为继承性锆石年龄,且发现在误差范围内有50%锆石的年龄上限也为720 Ma左右,暗示成岩年龄实为720 Ma而非760 Ma。  相似文献   

济阳坳陷富林洼陷中生界复杂岩性风化壳储集层成岩作用^*          下载免费PDF全文

朱世发  贾业  万超凡  马立驰  崔殿  孙超  景安语 《古地理学报》2020,22(3):555-569

风化壳储集层成因及其差异性特征分析是当今储层地质学研究热点。渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷富林洼陷中生界油气勘探遇到瓶颈,目前探井仅钻揭白垩系顶部风化壳,且风化壳储集层岩性复杂、非均质性极强,明确风化壳储集层成岩改造、储集空间类型和组合关系,对本区乃至济阳坳陷中生界潜山油气勘探至关重要。通过岩心和薄片观察,结合录井、测井等资料,对富林洼陷白垩系西洼组复杂岩性风化壳储集层开展研究。结果表明: 风化壳岩性主要为安山岩和凝灰岩,其次为脉岩、隐爆角砾岩和砂砾岩。由于不同构造单元在复杂埋藏过程中经历了“洼—隆—隆”或“洼—隆—洼”的演化过程,不同岩性储集层的成岩序列和孔隙演化差异明显。火成岩和碎屑岩原生孔隙类型和成因明显不同,但现今储集空间均以次生孔隙特别是溶蚀孔为主,被溶蚀物质包括斑晶、基质以及火山岩屑等。溶蚀作用的主导流体多变,继抬升暴露过程中富含CO₂的大气淡水之后,有机质成熟时排出的有机酸对储集层改善有积极作用。有利风化壳储集层的形成受到岩性、埋藏演化过程和成岩流体的共同控制。整体上,富林洼陷白垩系西洼组储集层质量由好到次的顺序为: 凝灰质砂砾岩,火山角砾岩,含残余气孔安山岩,凝灰岩,次火山岩;不同岩性风化壳储集层在复杂埋藏过程中,经历了不同的成岩改造。  相似文献   

Magnetic fabric, welding texture and strain fabric in the Nuraxi Tuff, Sardinia, Italy     

L. Pioli  R. Lanza  M. Ort  M. Rosi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(9):1123-1137

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been used to interpret flow directions in ignimbrites, but no study has demonstrated that the AMS fabric corresponds to the flow fabric. In this paper, we show that the AMS and strain fabric coincide in a high-grade ignimbrite, the Nuraxi Tuff, a Miocene rhyolitic ignimbrite displaying a wide variability of rheomorphic features and a well-defined magnetic fabric. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) data indicate that the magnetization of the tuff is homogeneous and was acquired at high temperatures by Ti-magnetite crystals. Comparison between the magnetic fabric and the deformation features along a representative section shows that AMS and anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization (AIRM) fabric are coaxial with and reproduce the shape of the strain ellipsoid. Magnetic tests and scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that the fabric is due to trails of micrometer-size, pseudo-single domain, magnetically interacting magnetite crystals. Microlites formed along discontinuities such as shard rims and vesicle walls mimicking the petrofabric of the tuff. The fabric was thus acquired after deposition, before late rheomorphic processes, and accurately mimics homogeneous deformation features of the shards during welding processes and mass flow.  相似文献