1990—2015年中国县市尺度人口收缩的演变特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘振  戚伟  齐宏纲  刘盛和 《地理研究》2020,39(7):1565-1579

近年来,区域人口收缩问题在全球范围内引起了广泛关注,并且在中国也日益明显。利用1990年、2000年和2010年人口普查数据以及2015年1%人口抽样调查数据,本文在县市尺度上分析了1990—2000年、2000—2010年和2010—2015年三个时期人口收缩区的空间特征及演化趋势,并定量探讨了其形成与演变的影响因素,主要发现如下：① 人口收缩现象在县市尺度非常明显,三个时期人口收缩区占比均超过20%;② 2000—2010年人口收缩区以大面积扩张为主要特征,东北地区、川黔渝地区、长江中游地区最为明显,而东部地区则主要集中在江苏北部和福建西部等局部范围;③ 2010—2015年人口收缩转缓慢增长成为主要特征,仅东北地区、河南等人口收缩区仍有所扩张;④ 人均GDP和非农就业占比等经济发展水平因素对人口收缩区的形成影响显著,而经济发展速度因素则与人口收缩的演变密切相关;⑤ 除经济因素外,人口自然增长因素对人口收缩区形成及演变的影响均非常显著,且其作用呈增强趋势。  相似文献   

The impact of the South–North Water Transfer Project (CTP)'s central route on groundwater table in the Hai River basin,North China          下载免费PDF全文

Aizhong Ye  Qingyun Duan  Wei Chu  Jing Xu  Yuna Mao 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5755-5768

The central route of the South–North Water Transfer Project (CTP) is designed to divert approximately 9.5 billion m³ of water per year from the Han River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River, to the Hai River basin in the north China. The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of CTP on groundwater table in the Hai River basin. Our study features a large‐scale distributed hydrological model that couples a physically based groundwater module, which is sub‐basin‐based, with a conceptual surface water module, which is grid‐based. There are several grids in each sub‐basin and water exchange among grid that are considered. Our model couples surface water module and groundwater module and calculates human water use at the same time. The simulation results indicate that even with the water supply by CTP, the groundwater table will continue to decline in the Hai River basin. However, the CTP water can evidently reduce the decline rate, helping alleviate groundwater overexploitation in Hai River region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

云南姚安井2009年10月后水位下降的成因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孙小龙  刘耀炜  晏锐 《地震学报》2013,35(3)

地下水动态的异常变化既有可能是地震前兆异常信息,也有可能是某种环境干扰所引起,如降雨和地下水开采等.如何及时识别并排除环境干扰,对于成功判定地震前兆异常至关重要.云南姚安井水位于2009年10月后出现了下降趋势的异常变化,截止2011年底,最大下降幅度达3m.为分析该井水位异常变化的形成原因,依据姚安井水文地质环境特征,建立了相关的数学物理模型,定量分析了降水量和地下水开采量对该井水位的影响.分析结果表明,姚安井2009年后出现的水位大幅下降可能与区域降水量减小导致的地下水开采活动增强有一定的相关性.文中所采取的异常识别与分析方法,对今后地下水动态异常识别及前兆信息判定工作具有一定的借鉴意义.  相似文献   

地面沉降对京津城际铁路工程稳定性影响的数值分析     

王荣  杨艳  贾三满  田芳  阚京梁 《上海国土资源》2014,(1):64-67

地面沉降的快速发展对京津城际铁路的安全运行构成潜在威胁,特别是差异沉降较大的地段,对铁路桥梁及轨道稳定性产生较大影响。利用ABAQUS有限元,分析了局部抽水引起的地下水位下降和地面沉降对铁路桥梁桩基承载力和轨道混凝土支承层的影响,探讨了作用方式和影响程度,从而为制定高速铁路地面沉降防治工程措施提供技术依据。  相似文献   

Art,public spaces,and private property along the streets of New Orleans     

Renia Ehrenfeucht 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):965-979

In this article, I investigate how and why a street art controversy that emerged in post-Katrina New Orleans was transformed from a dispute over property transgressions to a broader struggle over the meanings of art amidst the city’s devastated condition. The controversy began when a street art initiative by the New Orleans artist Rex Dingler invoked a backlash of anti-graffiti activism. In response, local artists began painting on the walls. When the locals were joined by artists from different cities, the discussion intensified about the merits of street art as well as commentary on and reflection of a city facing systemic decline and property abandonment. Street artists, anti-graffiti activists, and property owners negotiated local private property by placing, removing and retaining graffiti, and both locals and those with no New Orleans attachments had influence. The controversy illustrates how private property functions as a public institution in addition to a system of private ownership.  相似文献   

Declining inner suburbs? A longitudinal-spatial analysis of large metropolitan regions in Canada     

Dejan Pavlic 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):378-401

Spatially referenced quantitative research that attempts systematically to assess inner suburban decline in Canadian metropolitan areas is almost completely missing from the literature. This paper aims to fill this gap and examine whether inner suburban decline is occurring in Canada. Aggregated census tract level data are used to assess all zones for decline based on relative prosperity changes in median household income, average dwelling values, and average gross rent. The results indicate that inner suburbs in Canadian cities experienced a decline in median household income, average dwelling value, and prosperity factors between 1986 and 2006. While a few possible explanations and policy approaches are offered, more research is necessary to explore the implications of these trends.  相似文献   

Narratives of Decline: Race,Poverty, and Youth in the Context of Postindustrial Urban Angst∗     

Meghan Cope  Frank Latcham 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):150-163

  相似文献   

Population Change in U.S. Cities: Estimating and Explaining the Extent of Decline and Level of Resurgence   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Rennie Short  Michael Mussman 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):112-123

The revalorization of the U.S. metropolis and restructuring of the U.S. economy are leading to increasingly complex patterns of population growth and decline. In this article we provide an empirical context for understanding the embodied nature of these changes by analyzing the long-term, demographic changes for the 100 largest cities. In terms of population change we identify four model urban types: steady decline, continuous increase, growth interrupted, and slowly resurgent. We consider, in detail, cities where population decline has halted and others where there are indications of population resurgence. The article focuses on these resurgent cities, provides some causal explanations, discusses the role of gentrification, and explores policy implications.  相似文献   

基于气象水文因子的呼伦湖湿地消长综合模型研究     

高永刚  赵慧颖  李翀  宋卫士  孟军 《冰川冻土》2012,34(6):1310-1318

利用1961-2005年呼伦湖湿地的气象及水文资料, 基于水量平衡方程, 以湿地各年水量盈亏累积量(∑ΔW)为因子, 建立了呼伦湖湿地水域面积和水位高程的消长对气象及水文因子协同作用的响应模型, 分析了湿地水域面积和水位高程的消长对影响因子的响应特征.结果表明:呼伦湖湿地消长对气象及水文因子的年代际变化有很好的响应.年平均气温每增加1 ℃, 湿地水域面积和水位高程分别减少134.5 km²和93.44 cm; 年降水量每增加10 mm, 二者分别增加10.2 km²和7.1 cm; 年蒸发量每增加10 mm, 二者分别减少1.1 km²和0.9 cm; 年径流量每增加1×10⁸m³, 二者分别增加4.8 km²和3.3 cm. 年平均气温的升高和年降水量的减少变化对湿地消减的贡献率分别为13.6%和86.4%, 当前降水量的变化在湿地消长中占主导作用.如果不考虑人类活动的影响, 根据未来较低排放(SRES-B2)情景下气候预测, 初步估算2040、 2070和2100年湿地水域面积将分别减少275.8 km²、 442.8 km²和583.6 km², 水位高程分别下降191.6 cm、 307.6 cm和405.4 cm, 未来气温的变化在湿地消长中占主导作用.呼伦湖湿地在未来暖干化趋势下, 湿地水资源短缺加剧, 湿地水域面积萎缩和水位高程下降将加快.  相似文献   

双重介质水平井产量递减分析方法     

罗二辉  胡永乐  王磊  曹晨 《现代地质》2013,27(6):1440

水平井开发特殊类型油气藏有其独到优势,针对双重孔隙介质水平井复杂渗流,以Warren-Root双重介质模型为基础,建立了水平井三维不稳定渗流模型,采用Laplace变换、有限Fourier余弦变换及叠加积分等方法对模型进行求解,获得定产条件下无量纲井底压力解,再利用Duhamel褶积原理将定产条件压力解变换为井底定压条件下的产量解;通过重新定义无量纲量建立McCray型产量积分平均递减方程,结合Stehfest数值反演,获得无量纲产量积分平均递减曲线及其导数曲线图版。计算结果表明,产量积分平均导数曲线上出现双重介质特有的“凹子”, 应用该类图版拟合生产数据可方便进行产量预测及储层动态参数求取。  相似文献