鲁北平原浅层地下水中砷的来源探析     

刘中业  杨丽芝  祁晓凡  张涛  刘春华 《山东国土资源》2013,29(6):29-33

为了阐明养殖场中所排放的含砷废水对浅层地下水水质的影响,通过对在鲁北平原养殖场附近采集的水样中砷含量与全区采集水样的砷含量进行了对比分析研究,初步明确了养殖场所排放的含砷废水已经对附近地下水造成了一定的污染,养殖场所排放废水的砷已成为浅层地下水中砷的一个重要来源。此结论为养殖场附近浅层地下水的防污、治污和限制砷在饲料中的添加提供了一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

Inorganic As speciation and bioavailability in estuarine sediments of Todos os Santos Bay, BA, Brazil     

V. Hatje  S.M. Macedo  R.M. de Jesus  G. Cotrim  K.S. Garcia  A.F. de Queiroz  S.L.C. Ferreira 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2225-2232

The spatial distribution of As (total As, As (III) and As (V)) in estuarine sediments from the main tributaries of Todos os Santos Bay, BA, Brazil, was evaluated under high and low flow conditions. The concentrations of As were determined using a slurry sampling procedure with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The highest concentrations were observed at estuary mouths, and exceeded conservative lower threshold value (Threshold Effects Level; TEL). Due to the oxic conditions and abundance of Mn and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in the sediments, most inorganic arsenic in the Subaé and Paraguaçu estuaries was present as As (V). Nevertheless, the concentration of As (III) at several locations along the Jaguaripe River were also above the TEL value, suggesting that As may be toxic to biota. In the Subaé estuary, antropogenic activities are the main source of As. At the Jaguaripe and at Paraguaçu estuaries, nevertheless, natural sources of As need to be considered to explain the distribution patterns.  相似文献   

Chemical speciation of arsenic in the livers of higher trophic marine animals     

Kubota R  Kunito T  Tanabe S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):218-223

Concentrations of total arsenic and individual arsenic compounds were determined in livers of cetaceans (Dall's porpoise and short-finned pilot whale), pinnipeds (harp and ringed seals), sirenian (dugong), and sea turtles (green and loggerhead turtles) to characterize arsenic accumulation profiles in higher trophic marine animals. Hepatic arsenic concentrations in sea turtles were highest among the species examined. Chemical speciation of arsenic revealed that arsenobetaine was the major arsenic compound in almost all the species. In contrast, arsenobetaine was a minor constituent in dugong. Dimethylarsinic acid, methylarsonic acid, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, arsenite, and an unidentified arsenic compound were also detected as minor constituents. However, the composition of arsenic compounds was different among these species. These results might reflect the differences in the metabolism of arsenic and/or the compositions of arsenic compounds in their preys. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the large variation in the composition of arsenic species in liver of marine mammals and sea turtles.  相似文献   

Improving exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology: Application of spatio-temporal visualization tools     

Jaymie R. Meliker  Melissa J. Slotnick  Gillian A. AvRuskin  Andrew Kaufmann  Geoffrey M. Jacquez  Jerome O. Nriagu 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2005,7(1):49-66

A thorough assessment of human exposure to environmental agents should incorporate mobility patterns and temporal changes in human behaviors and concentrations of contaminants; yet the temporal dimension is often under-emphasized in exposure assessment endeavors, due in part to insufficient tools for visualizing and examining temporal datasets. Spatio-temporal visualization tools are valuable for integrating a temporal component, thus allowing for examination of continuous exposure histories in environmental epidemiologic investigations. An application of these tools to a bladder cancer case-control study in Michigan illustrates continuous exposure life-lines and maps that display smooth, continuous changes over time. Preliminary results suggest increased risk of bladder cancer from combined exposure to arsenic in drinking water (>25 g/day) and heavy smoking (>30 cigarettes/day) in the 1970s and 1980s, and a possible cancer cluster around automotive, paint, and organic chemical industries in the early 1970s. These tools have broad application for examining spatially- and temporally-specific relationships between exposures to environmental risk factors and disease.This study was supported by grant R01 CA96002-10, Geographic-Based Research in Cancer Control and Epidemiology, from the National Cancer Institute. Development of the STIS^TM software was funded by grants R43 ES10220 from the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences and R01 CA92669 from the National Cancer Institute. Access to cancer case records was provided by Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program within the Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Community Health. The authors thank Michigan Public Health Institute for conducting the telephone interview and Stacey Fedewa and Lisa Bailey for entering written surveys into a database. The authors thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.  相似文献   

Arsenate sorption by reduced and reoxidised rice soils under the influence of organic matter amendments     

A.?K.?Ghosh  P.?BhattacharyyaEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(7):1010-1016

Arsenic (As) sorptivity and acetate (pH 4.8) and oxalate (pH 3.0) extractable iron levels were monitored for 180 d, during and after flooding of two As contaminated soils. The effects of three different organic matter supplements/amendments, for example farm yard manure (FYM), municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and sewage-sludge (SS) on the above parameter were also examined. In nonflooded soils, As sorptivity was mainly influenced by clay content. On flooding, there were large increases in acetate, oxalate extractable iron and As sorptivity. Organic matter addition increased the same parameters. Among the organic matters, SS showed greater effect on As sorption followed by MSWC and FYM. During flooding, As sorption is mainly dependent upon poorly crystalline iron oxide. During oxidation of previously flooded soils, levels of As sorptivity, acetate and oxalate extractable iron decreased rapidly, but did not return to the levels occurring before reduction. SS and MSWC served as binding agents for native and irrigation water As, thereby moderating the rapid As mobilization to the crop rizosphere.  相似文献   

Environmental geochemistry of the derelict Webbs Consols mine,New South Wales,Australia   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

P.?M.?AshleyEmail author  B.?G.?Lottermoser  A.?J.?Collins  C.?D.?Grant 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(5):591-604

Small-scale mining and mineral processing at the Webbs Consols polymetallic PbZnAg deposit in northern New South Wales, Australia has caused a significant environmental impact on streams, soils and vegetation. Unconfined waste rock dumps and tailings dams are the source of the problems. The partly oxidised sulphidic mine wastes contain abundant sulphides (arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena) and oxidation products (scorodite, anglesite, smectite, Fe-oxyhydroxides), and possess extreme As and Pb (wt% levels) and elevated Ag, Cd, Cu, Sb and Zn values. Contemporary sulphide oxidation, hardpan formation, crystallisation of mineral efflorescences and acid mine drainage generation occur within the waste repositories. Acid seepages (pH 1.9–6.0) from waste dumps, tailings dams and mine workings display extreme As, Pb and Zn and elevated Cd, Cu and Sb contents. Drainage from the area is by the strongly contaminated Webbs Consols Creek and although this stream joins and is diluted by the much larger Severn River, contamination of water and stream sediments in the latter is evident for 1–5 km, and 12 km respectively, downstream of the mine site. The pronounced contamination of local and regional soils and sediments, despite the relatively small scale of the former operation, is due to the high metal tenor of abandoned waste material and the scarcity of neutralising minerals. Any rehabilitation plan of the site should include the relocation of waste materials to higher ground and capping, with only partial neutralisation of the waste to pH 4–5 in order to limit potential dissolution of scorodite and mobilisation of As into seepages and stream waters.  相似文献   

Unusual variations of dissolved As, Sb and Ni in the Rhône River during flood events     

Patrick Ollivier  Olivier Radakovitch  Bruno Hamelin 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):394

Dissolved major and trace element concentrations were determined from November 2000 to December 2003 in the lower Rhône River (France). Subsurface water samples were collected about twice a month and more regularly during flood events. An unusual trend was observed for As, Sb, Ni and Ba concentrations which increased with river discharge at the beginning of the floods, in contrast with other elements. Variations of Sb/Na and As/Na molar ratios show that it is related to higher contributions of waters from western tributaries of the Rhône River enriched in As, Sb, Ni and Ba due to ancient mining activities. These unusual variations of dissolved element concentrations are thus interpreted as mark of a water mass origin within the watershed.  相似文献   

Quantitative Separation of As(III) and As(V) from a Synthetic Water Solution Using Ion Exchange Columns in the Presence of Fe and Mn Ions     

Prasenjit Mondal  Chandrajit Balomajumder  Bikash Mohanty 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(3):255-260

The quantitative separation of As(III) from a water sample containing As(III) and As(V) in the presence of Fe and Mn in an ion exchange resin (AG1 X8) column for the speciation of arsenic is described. Individual and combined effects of Fe and Mn on the separation of As(III) from the solution have been studied separately. In absence of Fe and Mn, the ratio between the As(T) concentration in the eluent and the As(III) concentration in the original sample has been found to be 0.9717 under optimum process conditions. The presence of Fe(II) in the water sample increased the As(T) concentration in the eluent whereas Mn(II) decreased it. Combined effects of Fe and Mn on the percentage increment in the eluent arsenic concentration have been expressed by additive and interactive models. The interactive model has been developed by a statistical software with a 95 % confidence level. In most of the cases the error on the determination of the As(III) concentration had a minimum when using the interactive model.  相似文献