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利用断裂带上的低b值识别凹凸体方法的探讨——以龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文对龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带上1970年以来记录的小震数据进行了收集、整理和分析,采用基于Matlab平台的Zmap软件,去除了断裂带上的丛集数据和余震,划定了有效地震数据的时间和震级范围,通过最大似然法求取了断裂带所在区域的b值分布图。基于b值大小与应力高低成反比的原理,通过断裂带上低b值区识别凹凸体的位置。就龙门山断裂带,通过低b值区识别出的凹凸体的位置与汶川地震发生的起始破裂位置和极震区的位置基本保持一致;而鲜水河断裂带由于受到小震数据的限制,部分段缺失b值分布,但整条断裂带仍可清晰识别出凹凸体位置,且1725年以来的历史强震和1970年以来5级以上的历史地震基本上都位于此区域。断裂带的实例分析结果证明,利用小震数据通过最大似然法计算b值分布图,其相对低b值区与历年强震发生的位置存在较大的相关性,为验证利用低b值区识别凹凸体方法的可行性和实用性提供了有力的证据。 相似文献
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本文利用边界积分方程方法,以基于三角形网格的全空间格林函数及离散积分核计算为基础,进行了最常见的弯折断层的破裂传播过程模拟.为了去除边界积分方程方法中格林函数计算存在的高度奇异性,研究采用分部积分等方法对动力学方程进行了重整化和离散化处理.地震力学过程可以被视为断层由静摩擦转为动摩擦的过程,对于震源破裂过程的动力学模拟,摩擦准则起着重要作用,本研究采用常用的滑动弱化摩擦准则.计算引入Courant-Friedrich-Lewy比值来表达场点的影响,并控制计算的收敛性和稳定性.通过与典型算例的比对,检验了方法的正确性和有效性.地震破裂能否穿越断层弯折部位继续传播是震源动力学研究的重要内容,基于此,本文建立了多种理论弯折断层模型,模拟了断层弯折对地震破裂传播的控制作用,并通过改变断层周边初始应力场、断层弯折角度大小以及滑动弱化距离大小等来分析各个因素对破裂传播的影响.模拟结果表明:断层面上初始破裂区域内外的应力越高,破裂越容易越过断层弯折部位继续传播;初始破裂区域半径越大,或滑动弱化距离越小,破裂也越容易发生,并越过弯折部位继续传播.同样的初始条件,断层弯折角度越大,断层弯折作为障碍体,对破裂传播的阻碍作用越显著.小的弯折角,其破裂传播过程与平面断层差别不明显,基本仍以椭圆方式对称向两侧传播. 相似文献
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Frictional discharge at fault asperities: Origin of fractal seismo-electromagnetic radiation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To investigate the relation between the rock friction and the fractal electromagnetic radiation before the main-shock of earthquakes, we conducted a friction experiment simulating the motion of an asperity on a fault plane, and observed photon emissions due to electric discharge by dielectric breakdown of ambient gases from friction contacts between rock minerals. This indicates that frictional discharges (plasma generations) could occur locally at microscopic asperities on fault surfaces. From concepts on the fractal size-distribution and temporal evolution of fault asperities, the frictional discharge occurring at asperities on the fault plane can be one of origins of the fractal electromagnetic radiation (Benioff electromagnetic radiation) prior to earthquakes. 相似文献
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Anomalous movements were detected simultaneously in both the seismic and the GPS observations in the Tokai area, the central part of the Japanese islands from the late 1990s to 2000. The anomalies are of great concern since the pending risk of a large megathrust earthquake in this area has been predicted for more than 20 years. The GPS data revealed that a slow-slip on the plate interface had commenced beneath Lake Hamana, the center of which is positioned around the edge of the assumed focal zone. On the other hand, the seismic data indicated that a delicate but clear quiescence appeared over a wide area that spreads into the main focal zone. Analyses of the seismicity changes in space and time confirmed that the contrast in the seismicity rate is distinct inside the focal zone. While the integrated seismicity indicated quiescence, some locations were distinguished as activated zones, possibly indicating the appearance of asperities. The rise of the seismicity rate in a quasi-stationary manner suggests an increase in the stress rate at that location. The following hypothesis is proposed based on the simultaneously detected evidences. The slow-slip progressing beneath Lake Hamana will induce a stress shift that invades the interior of the main locked zone, which will increase the contrast of the seismicity rate, possibly reflecting inhomogeneity in the locking strength. Even in this stage, the activated zones still maintain a locked state to prevent overall breakage. Investigations of the b-value changes and of tidal dependence in seismicity that reveal the stress-concentrated state also support the hypothesis. If this is the case, the observed change in seismicity would indicate the process of stress redistribution in the locking state, which represents the preparatory process toward final breakage. Tracking such seismicity changes would yield valid information for predictions of the next Tokai earthquake. 相似文献
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Hydraulic fractures generated by fluid injection in rock formations are often mapped by seismic monitoring. In many cases, the microseismicity is asymmetric relative to the injection well, which has been interpreted by stress gradient along the direction of the hydraulic fracture. We present a mathematical model of asymmetric hydrofracture growth based on relations between the solid‐phase stress and the fracture hydraulics. For single fracture and single injection point, the model has three parameters, hydraulic conductivities of the fracture wings, and normalised stress gradient and predicts the positions of the fracture tips as functions of time. The model is applied to a set of microseismic event locations that occurred during and after an injection process. Two different methods are suggested that make it possible to delineate the fracture tips from the set of microseismic events. This makes it possible to determine the model parameters and to check the agreement between the model prediction and the measured data. The comparison of the measured and modelled growth of fracture wings supports both the assumption of the non‐zero stress gradient and the existence of the post‐injection unilateral growth. 相似文献